高中英语·高二下册知识点全梳理¶
依据《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》及人教版选择性必修第一册、第二册整理
学习内容概览¶
| 单元 | 主题 | 核心知识点 |
|---|---|---|
| 选必1-Unit 1 | People of Achievement 杰出人物 | 非限制性定语从句 |
| 选必1-Unit 2 | Looking into the Future 展望未来 | 将来进行时 |
| 选必1-Unit 3 | Fascinating Parks 迷人公园 | -ing形式作定语和状语 |
| 选必1-Unit 4 | Body Language 身体语言 | -ing形式作主语和宾语 |
| 选必1-Unit 5 | Working the Land 耕耘大地 | -ed/-ing形式作状语 |
| 选必2-Unit 1 | Science and Scientist 科学与科学家 | 过去完成时 |
| 选必2-Unit 2 | Iconic Attractions 标志性景点 | 现在完成进行时 |
| 选必2-Unit 3 | Food and Culture 饮食与文化 | 过去完成时被动语态 |
| 选必2-Unit 4 | Journey Across a Vast Land 横越广袤大地 | 现在分词 |
| 选必2-Unit 5 | First Aid 急救 | 虚拟语气(if从句) |
选必1 Unit 1 People of Achievement¶
一、核心词汇与短语¶
| 英文 | 中文 | 词性 |
|---|---|---|
| achieve | 实现 | v. |
| achievement | 成就 | n. |
| acknowledge | 承认 | v. |
| apparently | 显然地 | adv. |
| crucial | 至关重要的 | adj. |
| committed | 坚定的 | adj. |
| commit | 投入;犯(罪) | v. |
| commit oneself to | 致力于 | phr. |
| scientific | 科学的 | adj. |
| evaluate | 评估 | v. |
| evaluation | 评估 | n. |
| distinct | 明显的;不同的 | adj. |
| distinction | 区别 | n. |
| extract | 提取 | v./n. |
| institute | 机构 | n. |
| obtain | 获得 | v. |
| property | 性质;财产 | n. |
| limited | 有限的 | adj. |
| potential | 潜力 | n./adj. |
| circumstance | 情况 | n. |
| gradually | 逐渐地 | adv. |
| novel | 新颖的 | adj. |
| poetry | 诗歌 | n. |
| despite | 尽管 | prep. |
| devode to | 致力于 | phr. |
| lead to | 导致 | phr. |
| come up with | 提出 | phr. |
| insist on | 坚持 | phr. |
| by chance | 偶然 | phr. |
二、核心句型¶
-
非限制性定语从句
- Tu Youyou, who was born in Ningbo, is a great scientist.
- The medicine, which was extracted from sweet wormwood, saved millions of lives. -
upon/on + doing — 一……就
- Upon hearing the news, she burst into tears. -
It is universally acknowledged that… — 众所周知
- It is universally acknowledged that hard work leads to success.
三、语法要点¶
非限制性定语从句(复习与深化)¶
| 关系词 | 先行词类型 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| who | 人(主语) | Einstein, who was a physicist, won the Nobel Prize. |
| whom | 人(宾语) | The professor, whom I met yesterday, is famous. |
| which | 物/整个句子 | He failed the exam, which disappointed his parents. |
| whose | 表所属 | Tesla, whose inventions changed the world, was a genius. |
| when | 时间 | In 1905, when Einstein published his theory, he was unknown. |
| where | 地点 | Paris, where he studied, is a city of art. |
| 介词+which/whom | — | The lab in which he worked was well-equipped. |
四、写作指导¶
人物传记写作要点:
- 按时间顺序组织
- 突出主要成就与贡献
- 引用人物名言
- 客观叙述与适当评价结合
五、易错点提醒¶
- 非限制性定语从句中 that 不可替代 which/who
- which 引导非限制性定语从句可指代前文整个句子
| 介词+which 结构中介词的选择取决于从句动词搭配
选必1 Unit 2 Looking into the Future¶
一、核心词汇与短语¶
| 英文 | 中文 | 词性 |
|---|---|---|
| 将来进行时 | future continuous | grammar |
| innovation | 创新 | n. |
| innovative | 创新的 | adj. |
| breakthrough | 突破 | n. |
| occupation | 职业 | n. |
| predict | 预测 | v. |
| prediction | 预测 | n. |
| opponent | 反对者 | n. |
| advocate | 提倡 | v./n. |
| resist | 抵抗 | v. |
| resistance | 抵抗 | n. |
| wire | 导线 | n. |
| wire | 用线连接 | v. |
| artificial | 人工的 | adj. |
| artificial intelligence | 人工智能 | phr. |
| integrate | 整合 | v. |
| remote | 遥远的 | adj. |
| relevant | 相关的 | adj. |
| efficiency | 效率 | n. |
| efficient | 高效的 | adj. |
| privacy | 隐私 | n. |
| secure | 安全的 | adj. |
| _warning | 警告 | n. |
| warn | 警告 | v. |
| fantasy | 幻想 | n. |
| fantastic | 极好的 | adj. |
| command | 命令 | n./v. |
| in this sense | 从这个意义上 | phr. |
二、核心句型¶
-
将来进行时 — will be + doing
- This time tomorrow, I will be flying to London.
- In 2050, robots will be doing most household chores. -
be likely to do — 可能做
- AI is likely to change every aspect of our lives. -
There is no doubt that… — 毫无疑问
- There is no doubt that technology will continue to advance.
三、语法要点¶
将来进行时¶
结构: will/shall be + 现在分词
| 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 将来某时刻正在进行的动作 | At 8 PM tonight, I will be watching a movie. |
| 按计划将来会发生的动作 | We will be staying at the Hilton Hotel. |
| 表示委婉语气 | I will be helping you with your project. |
将来时态对比:
| 时态 | 结构 | 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 一般将来时 | will do | 将来事实/临时决定 | I will call you tomorrow. |
| 将来进行时 | will be doing | 将来某时正在进行 | I will be working at 3 PM. |
| 将来完成时 | will have done | 将来某时前完成 | By 2030, I will have graduated. |
| be going to do | am/is/are going to do | 已有计划的将来 | I am going to study abroad. |
四、写作指导¶
关于未来的议论文写作要点:
- 导入:描述科技发展趋势
- 主体:分析利弊,提出观点
- 论证:使用事例和数据支撑
- 结论:总结展望并给出建议
五、易错点提醒¶
- 将来进行时不用于表”意愿”或”承诺”,用一般将来时
- be likely to 中 likely 是形容词,不是副词
- resist 后接 doing(resist doing sth.)
选必1 Unit 3 Fascinating Parks¶
一、核心词汇与短语¶
| 英文 | 中文 | 词性 |
|---|---|---|
| fascinate | 迷住 | v. |
| fascinating | 迷人的 | adj. |
| fascinated | 着迷的 | adj. |
| nature | 自然 | n. |
| natural | 自然的 | adj. |
| conservation | 保护 | n. |
| wilderness | 荒野 | n. |
| territory | 领土 | n. |
| boundary | 边界 | n. |
| edge | 边缘 | n. |
| stunning | 极美的 | adj. |
| glacier | 冰川 | n. |
| valley | 山谷 | n. |
| waterfall | 瀑布 | n. |
| meadow | 草地 | n. |
| wildlife | 野生动植物 | n. |
| habitat | 栖息地 | n. |
| rare | 稀有的 | adj. |
| rare species | 稀有物种 | phr. |
| ban | 禁止 | v./n. |
| prohibit | 禁止 | v. |
| establish | 建立 | v. |
| stretch | 延伸 | v. |
| stretch out | 延伸 | phr. |
| appeal | 吸引 | v./n. |
| appeal to | 对……有吸引力 | phr. |
| incredible | 难以置信的 | adj. |
| diverse | 多样的 | adj. |
| on the move | 在移动中 | phr. |
| live off | 以……为生 | phr. |
| upside down | 颠倒 | phr. |
二、核心句型¶
-
-ing 形式作定语
- The sleeping baby looks cute.(前置定语)
- The man standing by the river is a photographer.(后置定语) -
-ing 形式作状语
- Walking along the trail, we saw a deer.(时间/伴随状语)
- Not knowing the way, he asked a local for help.(原因状语) -
独立主格结构
- Weather permitting, we will go hiking tomorrow.
三、语法要点¶
-ing 形式作定语和状语¶
-ing 作定语:
- 单个 v-ing 前置:a running dog, boiling water
- v-ing 短语后置(相当于定语从句):The girl sitting next to me (= who is sitting next to me) is my sister.
-ing 作状语:
| 类型 | 例句 | = |
|---|---|---|
| 时间 | Hearing the news, she cried. | When she heard… |
| 原因 | Being poor, he couldn’t go to school. | Because he was poor… |
| 条件 | Working hard, you will succeed. | If you work hard… |
| 让步 | Admitting you are right, I still disagree. | Though I admit… |
| 伴随 | He sat there, reading a book. | — |
| 结果 | He died, leaving nothing. | — |
四、写作指导¶
公园/自然景观描写要点:
- 按空间或路线顺序展开
- 运用感官细节描写(视觉、听觉、嗅觉)
- 使用丰富的形容词和比喻
- 融入对自然的感悟
五、易错点提醒¶
- -ing 作状语时,其逻辑主语须与主句主语一致
- -ing 的否定形式是 not doing(不是 don’t doing)
- 独立主格结构中 -ing 的逻辑主语与主句主语不同
选必1 Unit 4 Body Language¶
一、核心词汇与短语¶
| 英文 | 中文 | 词性 |
|---|---|---|
| gesture | 手势 | n. |
| facial expression | 面部表情 | phr. |
| posture | 姿势 | n. |
| interact | 互动 | v. |
| interaction | 互动 | n. |
| interpret | 解释 | v. |
| interpretation | 解释 | n. |
| convey | 传达 | v. |
| signal | 信号 | n./v. |
| communicate | 交流 | v. |
| communication | 交流 | n. |
| appropriate | 适当的 | adj. |
| inappropriate | 不适当的 | adj. |
| vary | 变化 | v. |
| variation | 变化 | n. |
| variety | 种类 | n. |
| cultural | 文化的 | adj. |
| universal | 普遍的 | adj. |
| accurate | 准确的 | adj. |
| accurately | 准确地 | adv. |
| fake | 假的 | adj. |
| genuine | 真正的 | adj. |
| respect | 尊重 | n./v. |
| contact | 接触 | n./v. |
| eye contact | 眼神接触 | phr. |
| approach | 接近 | v./n. |
| differ from | 与……不同 | phr. |
| by contrast | 相比之下 | phr. |
| break down | 分解;崩溃 | phr. |
| make sense | 有意义 | phr. |
二、核心句型¶
-
-ing 形式作主语
- Crossing your arms can mean defensiveness.
- Smiling is a universal sign of friendliness. -
-ing 形式作宾语
- I enjoy watching people’s body language.
- He avoided making eye contact. -
It is no use doing — 做……没用
- It is no use crying over spilt milk.
三、语法要点¶
-ing 形式作主语和宾语¶
-ing 作主语:
- Reading books is a good habit.
- It is no good worrying about the past.(it 作形式主语)
-ing 作宾语:
| 动词后只接 doing | 例句 |
|---|---|
| enjoy, finish, avoid, mind | I enjoy listening to music. |
| suggest, consider, practice | She suggested going by bus. |
| give up, put off, keep on | He gave up smoking last year. |
| can’t help, feel like | I can’t help laughing. |
介词后接 doing:
- He is good at singing.
- Thank you for helping me.
- be used to / look forward to / object to(to 为介词)
四、写作指导¶
说明文——身体语言与文化:
- 定义身体语言的概念与分类
- 举例说明不同文化的差异
- 分析身体语言的交际功能
- 强调跨文化理解的必要性
五、易错点提醒¶
- 有些动词后只能接 doing(enjoy, finish, avoid),有些只能接 to do(decide, hope, agree)
- to 在 look forward to/be used to/object to 中是介词,后接 doing
- -ing 作主语时谓语动词用单数
选必1 Unit 5 Working the Land¶
一、核心词汇与短语¶
| 英文 | 中文 | 词性 |
|---|---|---|
| agriculture | 农业 | n. |
| agricultural | 农业的 | adj. |
| crop | 庄稼 | n. |
| harvest | 收获 | n./v. |
| yield | 产量 | n./v. |
| seed | 种子 | n. |
| soil | 土壤 | n. |
| fertile | 肥沃的 | adj. |
| fertilizer | 化肥 | n. |
| conventional | 传统的 | adj. |
| organic | 有机的 | adj. |
| generate | 产生 | v. |
| generation | 一代 | n. |
| nutrition | 营养 | n. |
| nutritional | 营养的 | adj. |
| devote | 奉献 | v. |
| devote to | 致力于 | phr. |
| shortage | 短缺 | n. |
| tackle | 解决 | v. |
| crisis | 危机 | n. |
| expand | 扩大 | v. |
| expansion | 扩大 | n. |
| output | 产量 | n. |
| realistic | 现实的 | adj. |
| reality | 现实 | n. |
| estimate | 估计 | v./n. |
| domestic | 国内的 | adj. |
| deep down | 在内心深处 | phr. |
| in need | 在困难中 | phr. |
二、核心句型¶
-
-ed 形式作状语
- Given more time, he would have finished the experiment.
- Exhausted after a day’s work, he fell asleep quickly. -
-ing 形式作状语(对比)
- Knowing the importance of agriculture, he devoted his life to farming research. -
Not only… but also…(倒装)
- Not only did he improve crop yields, but he also helped reduce poverty.
三、语法要点¶
-ed 与 -ing 作状语对比¶
| 形式 | 逻辑关系 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| -ing(主动/进行) | 主语主动发出动作 | Seeing the teacher, he stood up. |
| -ed(被动/完成) | 主语承受动作 | Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful. |
| having done(完成式-ing) | 动作先于主句谓语 | Having finished his homework, he went out. |
| having been done(完成被动) | 被动且先于主句 | Having been told many times, he still made mistakes. |
选择 -ing 还是 -ed:
- 与主句主语是主动关系 → -ing
- 与主句主语是被动关系 → -ed
四、写作指导¶
关于农业与粮食问题的作文要点:
- 阐述粮食安全的紧迫性
- 介绍农业科技创新的贡献
- 分析面临的挑战(人口、土地、气候)
- 提出可持续发展建议
五、易错点提醒¶
- -ed 形式作状语表被动和完成,-ing 表主动和进行
- having done 强调动作发生在主句动作之前
- devoted to / devoted oneself to 中 to 是介词
选必2 Unit 1 Science and Scientist¶
一、核心词汇与短语¶
| 英文 | 中文 | 词性 |
|---|---|---|
| scientific | 科学的 | adj. |
| scientist | 科学家 | n. |
| theory | 理论 | n. |
| theoretical | 理论的 | adj. |
| proof | 证据 | n. |
| prove | 证明 | v. |
| investigate | 调查 | v. |
| investigation | 调查 | n. |
| subscribe | 同意 | v. |
| subscribe to | 赞同 | phr. |
| suspect | 怀疑 | v./n. |
| suspect | 嫌疑犯 | n. |
| blame | 责备 | v./n. |
| be to blame | 该受责备 | phr. |
| handle | 处理 | v. |
| link | 联系 | n./v. |
| link… to | 把……与……联系 | phr. |
| raw | 生的;原始的 | adj. |
| severe | 严重的 | adj. |
| decrease | 减少 | v./n. |
| statistic | 统计数据 | n. |
| transform | 转变 | v. |
| transformation | 转变 | n. |
| initially | 起初 | adv. |
| outbreak | 爆发 | n. |
| defend | 防御 | v. |
| defence | 防御 | n. |
| assistant | 助手 | n. |
| assist | 协助 | v. |
| contradictory | 矛盾的 | adj. |
| apart from | 除……之外 | phr. |
二、核心句型¶
-
过去完成时 — had + 过去分词
- By the time he arrived, the meeting had already ended.
- She realized she had left her keys at home. -
It was not until… that… — 直到……才
- It was not until he tested the theory that he found the truth. -
No sooner… than… / Hardly… when… — 一……就
- No sooner had he arrived than the phone rang.
三、语法要点¶
过去完成时¶
结构: had + 过去分词
| 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 过去某时前已完成 | By 2010, he had published three papers. |
| 表过去某动作前已发生 | When I got there, the train had left. |
| 用于间接引语 | He said he had finished the work. |
| 与 hope/expect/intend 等连用表未实现的愿望 | I had hoped to see her, but she was away. |
常见时间标志: by the time, by the end of, before, after, when, until
四、写作指导¶
科学发现/实验报告写作要点:
- 背景:介绍科学问题与研究动机
- 过程:描述研究方法与步骤
- 发现:呈现实验结果与数据
- 结论:总结科学发现的意义
五、易错点提醒¶
- 过去完成时必须有明确的过去时间参照点
- be to blame 用主动形式表被动含义
- No sooner/Hardly 置于句首时主句需部分倒装
选必2 Unit 2 Iconic Attractions¶
一、核心词汇与短语¶
| 英文 | 中文 | 词性 |
|---|---|---|
| iconic | 标志性的 | adj. |
| icon | 图标;偶像 | n. |
| located | 位于的 | adj. |
| be located in | 位于 | phr. |
| foundation | 基础 | n. |
| founded | 建立 | v.(过去式) |
| distribution | 分布 | n. |
| distribute | 分配 | v. |
| equator | 赤道 | n. |
| tropical | 热带的 | adj. |
| temperate | 温带的 | adj. |
| habitat | 栖息地 | n. |
| species | 物种 | n. |
| unique | 独特的 | adj. |
| koala | 考拉 | n. |
| kangaroo | 袋鼠 | n. |
| migrated | 迁移的 | v.(过去式) |
| migrate | 迁徙 | v. |
| migration | 迁徙 | n. |
| freedom | 自由 | n. |
| free | 自由的 | adj. |
| dive | 潜水 | v./n. |
| snorkel | 浮潜 | v. |
| reef | 礁 | n. |
| sponsor | 赞助 | v./n. |
| liberty | 自由 | n. |
| landscape | 风景 | n. |
| retreat | 撤退 | v./n. |
| take up | 占据 | phr. |
| in contact with | 与……接触 | phr. |
二、核心句型¶
-
现在完成进行时 — has/have + been + doing
- He has been traveling around the world for two years.
- They have been working on this project since January. -
Not only… but also…
- This country is not only famous for its wildlife but also for its beaches. -
What引导的主语从句
- What impressed me most was the Great Barrier Reef.
三、语法要点¶
现在完成进行时¶
结构: has/have been + 现在分词
| 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 从过去持续到现在的动作(仍在进行) | I have been studying English for 10 years. |
| 刚结束且对现在有影响的动作 | She has been crying.(眼睛还红着) |
现在完成时 vs 现在完成进行时:
| 时态 | 侧重点 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 现在完成时 | 动作已完成/结果 | I have read the book.(读完了) |
| 现在完成进行时 | 动作持续/过程 | I have been reading the book.(还在读) |
四、写作指导¶
旅游目的地介绍写作要点:
- 概述地理位置与特色
- 介绍标志性景点/动物
- 推荐特色活动与体验
- 提供旅行实用建议
五、易错点提醒¶
- 静态动词(know, believe, belong)一般不用进行时
- 现在完成进行时强调动作的持续性,不强调完成
- migrate(迁徙)与 emigrate(移居国外)/immigrate(移入)区别
选必2 Unit 3 Food and Culture¶
一、核心词汇与短语¶
| 英文 | 中文 | 词性 |
|---|---|---|
| cuisine | 烹饪;菜肴 | n. |
| recipe | 食谱 | n. |
| ingredient | 配料 | n. |
| flavour | 味道 | n. |
| spicy | 辣的 | adj. |
| consist of | 由……组成 | phr. |
| portion | 份量 | n. |
| prior | 先前的 | adj. |
| prior to | 在……之前 | phr. |
| exception | 例外 | n. |
| exceptional | 杰出的 | adj. |
| moderate | 适度的 | adj. |
| quantity | 数量 | n. |
| quality | 质量 | n. |
| organic | 有机的 | adj. |
| nutrition | 营养 | n. |
| nutritious | 有营养的 | adj. |
| fibre | 纤维 | n. |
| protein | 蛋白质 | n. |
| vitamin | 维生素 | n. |
| consume | 消费;食用 | v. |
| consumer | 消费者 | n. |
| stable | 稳定的 | adj. |
| stability | 稳定性 | n. |
| association | 协会 | n. |
| associate A with B | 把A与B联系起来 | phr. |
| regardless of | 不管 | phr. |
| cut down | 减少 | phr. |
二、核心句型¶
-
过去完成时被动语态 — had + been + 过去分词
- The dish had been prepared before the guests arrived.
- By the time we got there, the restaurant had been closed. -
It is/was said that… — 据说
- It is said that this dish dates back to the Tang Dynasty. -
Not until… did… — 直到……才(倒装)
- Not until I visited Sichuan did I understand the appeal of spicy food.
三、语法要点¶
过去完成时被动语态¶
结构: had been + 过去分词
| 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 过去某时前已完成且被承受 | The report had been finished before the deadline. |
| 间接引语中的被动 | He said the work had been done. |
四、写作指导¶
饮食文化作文要点:
- 介绍地方特色菜肴与食材
- 分析饮食与地域文化的关系
- 对比不同地区饮食差异
- 探讨健康饮食理念
五、易错点提醒¶
- consist of 不可用被动(不可以说 is consisted of)
- regardless of 后面不能接句子,要接名词或 doing
- quantity(数量)与 quality(质量)拼写相似但含义完全不同
选必2 Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land¶
一、核心词汇与短语¶
| 英文 | 中文 | 词性 |
|---|---|---|
| journey | 旅程 | n. |
| vast | 广袤的 | adj. |
| scenery | 风景 | n. |
| spectacular | 壮观的 | adj. |
| bound | 开往 | adj. |
| be bound for | 开往 | phr. |
| literally | 字面上地 | adv. |
| frost | 霜 | n. |
| bay | 海湾 | n. |
| harbour | 港口 | n. |
| peak | 山峰 | n. |
| massive | 巨大的 | adj. |
| highlight | 亮点 | n./v. |
| proceed | 继续进行 | v. |
| procedure | 程序 | n. |
| drill | 钻 | v./n. |
| freeze | 冻结 | v. |
| freezing | 极冷的 | adj. |
| forecast | 预报 | v./n. |
| antique | 古董 | n./adj. |
| pleasant | 令人愉快的 | adj. |
| pleasure | 快乐 | n. |
| aboard | 在(车/船/飞机)上 | prep./adv. |
| take one’s breath away | 令人叹为观止 | phr. |
| a bunch of | 一束/一堆 | phr. |
| rather than | 而不是 | phr. |
二、核心句型¶
-
现在分词作伴随状语
- They traveled across the country, enjoying the spectacular scenery.
- Looking out of the window, she saw snow-capped mountains. -
分词的完成式 having done
- Having arrived at the station, they bought their tickets. -
as 引导时间状语从句
- As the train moved northward, the temperature dropped.
三、语法要点¶
现在分词综合应用¶
现在分词的七种功能:
| 功能 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 定语 | The running boy is my brother. |
| 状语(时间) | Entering the room, I found a letter. |
| 状语(原因) | Being ill, he stayed at home. |
| 状语(伴随) | She sat there, reading a book. |
| 状语(结果) | He died, leaving a large fortune. |
| 宾补 | I saw him crossing the street. |
| 主语/宾语 | Swimming is good for health. |
四、写作指导¶
游记写作要点:
- 按旅程路线或时间展开
- 详写印象深刻的场景
- 穿插个人感受与思考
- 使用生动的描写性语言
五、易错点提醒¶
- 现在分词作伴随状语不能用 being doing 形式
- having done 表示分词动作先于主句谓语动词
- scenery 是不可数名词,不可加 a/复数
选必2 Unit 5 First Aid¶
一、核心词汇与短语¶
| 英文 | 中文 | 词性 |
|---|---|---|
| first aid | 急救 | phr. |
| injury | 伤害 | n. |
| injured | 受伤的 | adj. |
| wound | 伤口 | n./v. |
| bleeding | 出血 | n. |
| bleed | 流血 | v. |
| symptom | 症状 | n. |
| vital | 至关重要的 | adj. |
| vital signs | 生命体征 | phr. |
| pulse | 脉搏 | n. |
| breathe | 呼吸 | v. |
| breath | 呼吸 | n. |
| unconscious | 无意识的 | adj. |
| conscious | 有意识的 | adj. |
| poison | 毒 | n./v. |
| poison | 毒品 | n. |
| swollen | 肿胀的 | adj. |
| swell | 肿胀 | v. |
| bandage | 绷带 | n./v. |
| ambulance | 救护车 | n. |
| emergency | 紧急情况 | n. |
| procedure | 程序 | n. |
| vital | 生命的 | adj. |
| technique | 技术 | n. |
| technical | 技术的 | adj. |
| practical | 实用的 | adj. |
| apply | 应用 | v. |
| application | 应用/申请 | n. |
| in place | 在适当位置 | phr. |
| sense of touch | 触觉 | phr. |
| stick to | 坚持 | phr. |
二、核心句型¶
-
虚拟语气 if 从句
- If I were you, I would learn first aid.(与现在事实相反)
- If he had known first aid, he could have saved the boy.(与过去事实相反)
- If it should rain tomorrow, we would cancel the trip.(对将来的假设) -
If 的省略与倒装
- Were I you, I would call an ambulance.
- Had he known, he would have acted differently. -
It is essential that + (should) do — ……是必须的
- It is essential that everyone (should) know basic first aid.
三、语法要点¶
虚拟语气——if 条件从句¶
| 类型 | if 从句 | 主句 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 与现在相反 | were/did | would/could/should/might + do | If I were rich, I would travel the world. |
| 与过去相反 | had + done | would/could/should/might + have done | If I had studied harder, I would have passed. |
| 与将来相反 | did/should do/were to do | would/could/should/might + do | If it should rain, we would stay home. |
if 省略时的倒装:
- Were I you = If I were you
- Had I known = If I had known
- Should it rain = If it should rain
错综时间虚拟语气:
- If I had taken the medicine yesterday, I would be fine now.(从句过去,主句现在)
四、写作指导¶
说明文——急救指南写作要点:
- 明确急救场景与目标
- 步骤清晰,按顺序编号
- 语言简洁准确,突出关键动作
- 附注注意事项与禁忌
五、易错点提醒¶
-虚拟语气中 be 动词所有人均用 were
- if 省略倒装时不可用 did/didn’t,需用 were/had/should
- suggest/order/demand 等动词后的 that 从句也用虚拟语气 (should + do)
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