20260726 203246 初中英语八年级上册学习手册

初中英语 · 八年级上册学习手册 ¶

本手册依据《义务教育英语课程标准（2022年版）》编写，基于人教版（Go for it!）八年级上册教材，涵盖 Units 1–10 共10个单元的全部核心内容。八年级是初中英语承上启下的关键阶段——既要巩固七年级的基础知识，又要为九年级的中考冲刺做好语法体系和词汇量的储备。本手册从考纲要求、核心词汇、短语句型、语法精讲、课文重点、拓展阅读到范文练习，七大板块系统覆盖，助力同学们夯实基础、突破难点。

一、考纲要求与学习目标 ¶

1.1 八年级上册在初中英语中的地位 ¶

八年级上学期是初中英语学习的分水岭。从知识体系看，本学期集中出现了形容词比较级和最高级、一般将来时的两种表达（be going to 和 will）、条件状语从句等中考高频语法点；从能力要求看，阅读篇幅明显加长，写作话题更加丰富，对语言运用能力提出了更高要求。可以说，八上学得好不好，直接决定了九年级中考英语的上限。

1.2 核心素养目标（依据2022版课标）¶

根据《义务教育英语课程标准（2022年版）》，英语课程要培养的学生核心素养包括四个方面：

核心素养维度	本学期具体目标
语言能力	掌握约300个新增词汇；熟练运用一般过去时、一般将来时、形容词比较级/最高级、条件状语从句等核心语法；能读懂150–200词的语篇；能写出100–120词的连贯短文
文化意识	了解中西方在节假日、饮食习惯、娱乐方式等方面的文化差异；培养跨文化交际意识；理解”健康生活”“未来规划”等主题的文化内涵
思维品质	能通过比较、分析、归纳等方式理解语言规律；能对人物、事物进行比较评价；能有逻辑地表达个人计划和观点
学习能力	掌握词汇分类记忆、语境猜测词义、思维导图梳理语法等学习策略；养成课前预习、课后复习、错题整理的良好习惯

1.3 本学期具体学习目标 ¶

词汇目标： 掌握10个单元约300个核心词汇及其变形，能正确拼写并在语境中运用。

语法目标： 系统掌握一般过去时（深化复习）、频率副词、形容词比较级与最高级、be going to结构、will一般将来时、可数/不可数名词、if条件状语从句、情态动词can表邀请等8大语法板块。

阅读目标： 能读懂与本学期话题相关的记叙文、说明文、议论文等不同体裁的语篇，阅读速度达到每分钟60–70词，能根据上下文推断词义、理解主旨和细节。

写作目标： 能围绕假期经历、健康习惯、人物比较、未来计划、派对邀请等话题，写出结构清晰、语言准确的100–120词短文。

听说目标： 能听懂日常交际对话和短文，能就熟悉话题进行口头表达和交流，语音语调基本正确。

1.4 学习建议 ¶

词汇学习要”词不离句”：不要孤立背单词，要把单词放到句子和语境中记忆。建议每个单词至少造一个句子。
语法学习要”建体系”：用思维导图把时态、句型串联起来，形成知识网络。比如把一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时放在一起对比记忆。
阅读训练要”每日坚持”：每天至少阅读一篇英语短文，先泛读理解大意，再精读分析语言点。
写作练习要”多写多改”：每周至少写一篇短文，写完后自查语法错误，有条件的话请老师或同学批改。
错题整理要”持之以恒”：建立错题本，按语法点分类整理，定期回顾，避免同类错误反复出现。

二、必会单词 ¶

Unit 1: Where did you go on vacation?¶

单词	音标	中文释义
`anyone`	/ˈeniwʌn/	pron. 任何人
`anywhere`	/ˈeniweə(r)/	adv. 任何地方
`wonderful`	/ˈwʌndəfl/	adj. 精彩的；极好的
`few`	/fjuː/	adj. 很少的；不多的
`most`	/məʊst/	adj. 最多的；大多数的
`something`	/ˈsʌmθɪŋ/	pron. 某事物
`nothing`	/ˈnʌθɪŋ/	pron. 没有什么
`myself`	/maɪˈself/	pron. 我自己
`everyone`	/ˈevriwʌn/	pron. 每人；人人
`yourself`	/jɔːˈself/	pron. 你自己
`hen`	/hen/	n. 母鸡
`pig`	/pɪɡ/	n. 猪
`seem`	/siːm/	v. 似乎；好像
`bored`	/bɔːd/	adj. 无聊的；厌烦的
`diary`	/ˈdaɪəri/	n. 日记
`activity`	/ækˈtɪvəti/	n. 活动
`decide`	/dɪˈsaɪd/	v. 决定；选定
`try`	/traɪ/	v. 尝试；设法
`bird`	/bɜːd/	n. 鸟
`paragliding`	/ˈpærəɡlaɪdɪŋ/	n. 滑翔伞运动
`difference`	/ˈdɪfrəns/	n. 差别；差异
`building`	/ˈbɪldɪŋ/	n. 建筑物
`wait`	/weɪt/	v. 等待；等候
`umbrella`	/ʌmˈbrelə/	n. 雨伞
`below`	/bɪˈləʊ/	prep. 在……下面

Unit 2: How often do you exercise?¶

单词	音标	中文释义
`housework`	/ˈhaʊswɜːk/	n. 家务劳动
`hardly`	/ˈhɑːdli/	adv. 几乎不
`ever`	/ˈevə(r)/	adv. 曾经；在任何时候
`once`	/wʌns/	adv. 一次
`twice`	/twaɪs/	adv. 两次
`internet`	/ˈɪntənet/	n. 互联网
`program`	/ˈprəʊɡræm/	n. 节目；程序
`result`	/rɪˈzʌlt/	n. 结果
`active`	/ˈæktɪv/	adj. 活跃的；积极的
`least`	/liːst/	adv. 最小；最少
`junk`	/dʒʌŋk/	n. 垃圾；废旧杂物
`coffee`	/ˈkɒfi/	n. 咖啡
`health`	/helθ/	n. 健康
`habit`	/ˈhæbɪt/	n. 习惯
`different`	/ˈdɪfrənt/	adj. 不同的
`although`	/ɔːlˈðəʊ/	conj. 虽然；尽管
`grade`	/ɡreɪd/	n. 年级；分数
`better`	/ˈbetə(r)/	adj. 更好的
`same`	/seɪm/	adj. 相同的
`saying`	/ˈseɪɪŋ/	n. 谚语；格言
`through`	/θruː/	prep. 穿过；凭借
`mind`	/maɪnd/	n. 头脑；心智
`body`	/ˈbɒdi/	n. 身体
`such`	/sʌtʃ/	adj. 这样的；如此的
`together`	/təˈɡeðə(r)/	adv. 共同；一起

Unit 3: I’m more outgoing than my sister.¶

单词	音标	中文释义
`outgoing`	/ˈaʊtɡəʊɪŋ/	adj. 外向的
`both`	/bəʊθ/	adj. 两个都
`tall`	/tɔːl/	adj. 高的
`wild`	/waɪld/	adj. 野生的；狂野的
`serious`	/ˈsɪəriəs/	adj. 严肃的；严重的
`smart`	/smɑːt/	adj. 聪明的
`athletic`	/æθˈletɪk/	adj. 运动的；健壮的
`common`	/ˈkɒmən/	adj. 共同的；普通的
`same`	/seɪm/	adj. 相同的
`different`	/ˈdɪfrənt/	adj. 不同的
`love`	/lʌv/	n. 爱；喜爱
`though`	/ðəʊ/	adv. 然而；conj. 虽然
`primary`	/ˈpraɪməri/	adj. 初级的；首要的
`primary school`	/ˈpraɪməri skuːl/	小学
`information`	/ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn/	n. 信息
`comfortable`	/ˈkʌmfətəbl/	adj. 舒适的
`similar`	/ˈsɪmələ(r)/	adj. 相似的
`share`	/ʃeə(r)/	v. 分享；共用
`loud`	/laʊd/	adj. 大声的
`quiet`	/ˈkwaɪət/	adj. 安静的
`hard-working`	/ˌhɑːdˈwɜːkɪŋ/	adj. 勤奋的
`competition`	/ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn/	n. 竞争；比赛
`fantastic`	/fænˈtæstɪk/	adj. 极好的
`clearly`	/ˈklɪəli/	adv. 清楚地
`win`	/wɪn/	v. 获胜；赢

Unit 4: What’s the best movie theater?¶

单词	音标	中文释义
`theater`	/ˈθɪətə(r)/	n. 剧场；电影院
`comfortable`	/ˈkʌmfətəbl/	adj. 舒适的
`seat`	/siːt/	n. 座位
`screen`	/skriːn/	n. 屏幕
`close`	/kləʊs/	adj. 近的
`service`	/ˈsɜːvɪs/	n. 服务
`menu`	/ˈmenjuː/	n. 菜单
`fresh`	/freʃ/	adj. 新鲜的
`comfortably`	/ˈkʌmfətəbli/	adv. 舒适地
`worst`	/wɜːst/	adj. 最坏的；最差的
`cheaply`	/ˈtʃiːpli/	adv. 便宜地
`song`	/sɒŋ/	n. 歌曲
`choose`	/tʃuːz/	v. 选择
`carefully`	/ˈkeəfəli/	adv. 认真地
`reporter`	/rɪˈpɔːtə(r)/	n. 记者
`fresh`	/freʃ/	adj. 新鲜的
`creative`	/kriˈeɪtɪv/	adj. 有创造力的
`performer`	/pəˈfɔːmə(r)/	n. 表演者
`talent`	/ˈtælənt/	n. 天赋；才能
`common`	/ˈkɒmən/	adj. 普通的；常见的
`beautifully`	/ˈbjuːtɪfəli/	adv. 优美地
`role`	/rəʊl/	n. 角色
`winner`	/ˈwɪnə(r)/	n. 获胜者
`prize`	/praɪz/	n. 奖品；奖金
`give`	/ɡɪv/	v. 给；授予

Unit 5: Do you want to watch a game show?¶

单词	音标	中文释义
`sitcom`	/ˈsɪtkɒm/	n. 情景喜剧
`news`	/njuːz/	n. 新闻
`soap`	/səʊp/	n. 肥皂
`educational`	/ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃənl/	adj. 教育的
`plan`	/plæn/	n./v. 计划
`hope`	/həʊp/	n./v. 希望
`discussion`	/dɪˈskʌʃn/	n. 讨论
`stand`	/stænd/	v. 忍受
`happen`	/ˈhæpən/	v. 发生
`may`	/meɪ/	v. 也许；可能
`expect`	/ɪkˈspekt/	v. 期望；预料
`joke`	/dʒəʊk/	n. 笑话
`comedy`	/ˈkɒmədi/	n. 喜剧
`find out`	/faɪnd aʊt/	查明；找出
`famous`	/ˈfeɪməs/	adj. 著名的
`appear`	/əˈpɪə(r)/	v. 出现
`successful`	/səkˈsesfl/	adj. 成功的
`main`	/meɪn/	adj. 主要的
`reason`	/ˈriːzn/	n. 原因
`culture`	/ˈkʌltʃə(r)/	n. 文化
`cartoon`	/kɑːˈtuːn/	n. 动画片
`character`	/ˈkærəktə(r)/	n. 角色；人物
`simple`	/ˈsɪmpl/	adj. 简单的
`famous`	/ˈfeɪməs/	adj. 著名的
`lose`	/luːz/	v. 丢失；失去

Unit 6: I’m going to study computer science.¶

单词	音标	中文释义
`grow`	/ɡrəʊ/	v. 生长；成长
`computer programmer`	/kəmˈpjuːtə ˈprəʊɡræmə/	n. 计算机程序员
`cook`	/kʊk/	n. 厨师；v. 烹饪
`doctor`	/ˈdɒktə(r)/	n. 医生
`engineer`	/ˌendʒɪˈnɪə(r)/	n. 工程师
`violinist`	/ˌvaɪəˈlɪnɪst/	n. 小提琴手
`driver`	/ˈdraɪvə(r)/	n. 司机
`pilot`	/ˈpaɪlət/	n. 飞行员
`pianist`	/ˈpɪənɪst/	n. 钢琴家
`scientist`	/ˈsaɪəntɪst/	n. 科学家
`college`	/ˈkɒlɪdʒ/	n. 大学；学院
`education`	/ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn/	n. 教育
`medicine`	/ˈmedsn/	n. 药；医学
`university`	/ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/	n. 大学
`article`	/ˈɑːtɪkl/	n. 文章
`send`	/send/	v. 邮寄；发送
`resolution`	/ˌrezəˈluːʃn/	n. 决心；决定
`team`	/tiːm/	n. 队；组
`foreign`	/ˈfɒrən/	adj. 外国的
`able`	/ˈeɪbl/	adj. 能够
`promise`	/ˈprɒmɪs/	n./v. 承诺；保证
`beginning`	/bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/	n. 开头
`improve`	/ɪmˈpruːv/	v. 改进；改善
`physical`	/ˈfɪzɪkl/	adj. 身体的
`hobby`	/ˈhɒbi/	n. 业余爱好

Unit 7: Will people have robots?¶

单词	音标	中文释义
`paper`	/ˈpeɪpə(r)/	n. 纸
`pollution`	/pəˈluːʃn/	n. 污染
`prediction`	/prɪˈdɪkʃn/	n. 预言；预测
`future`	/ˈfjuːtʃə(r)/	n. 将来
`peace`	/piːs/	n. 和平
`sky`	/skaɪ/	n. 天空
`play a part`	/pleɪ ə pɑːt/	参与；起作用
`fall in love with`	/fɔːl ɪn lʌv wɪð/	爱上
`alone`	/əˈləʊn/	adv. 独自
`pet`	/pet/	n. 宠物
`scientist`	/ˈsaɪəntɪst/	n. 科学家
`already`	/ɔːlˈredi/	adv. 已经
`factory`	/ˈfæktəri/	n. 工厂
`simple`	/ˈsɪmpl/	adj. 简单的
`such`	/sʌtʃ/	adj. 这样的
`shape`	/ʃeɪp/	n. 形状
`earth`	/ɜːθ/	n. 地球
`planet`	/ˈplænɪt/	n. 行星
`environment`	/ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/	n. 环境
`human`	/ˈhjuːmən/	n. 人；人类
`dangerous`	/ˈdeɪndʒərəs/	adj. 危险的
`believe`	/bɪˈliːv/	v. 相信
`agree`	/əˈɡriː/	v. 同意
`disagree`	/ˌdɪsəˈɡriː/	v. 不同意
`hundred`	/ˈhʌndrəd/	num. 一百

Unit 8: How do you make a banana milk shake?¶

单词	音标	中文释义
`blender`	/ˈblendə(r)/	n. 搅拌器
`peel`	/piːl/	v. 剥皮
`pour`	/pɔː(r)/	v. 倒
`yogurt`	/ˈjɒɡət/	n. 酸奶
`honey`	/ˈhʌni/	n. 蜂蜜
`watermelon`	/ˈwɔːtəmelən/	n. 西瓜
`spoon`	/spuːn/	n. 勺
`pot`	/pɒt/	n. 锅
`add`	/æd/	v. 加入
`finally`	/ˈfaɪnəli/	adv. 最后
`mix up`	/mɪks ʌp/	混合
`popcorn`	/ˈpɒpkɔːn/	n. 爆米花
`salt`	/sɔːlt/	n. 盐
`sandwich`	/ˈsænwɪtʃ/	n. 三明治
`butter`	/ˈbʌtə(r)/	n. 黄油
`relish`	/ˈrelɪʃ/	n. 调味品
`lettuce`	/ˈletɪs/	n. 生菜
`turkey`	/ˈtɜːki/	n. 火鸡
`slice`	/slaɪs/	n. 薄片
`super`	/ˈsuːpə(r)/	adj. 超级的
`recipe`	/ˈresəpi/	n. 食谱
`traditional`	/trəˈdɪʃənl/	adj. 传统的
`celebrate`	/ˈselɪbreɪt/	v. 庆祝
`mix`	/mɪks/	v. 混合
`fill`	/fɪl/	v. 装满；填满

Unit 9: Can you come to my party?¶

单词	音标	中文释义
`prepare`	/prɪˈpeə(r)/	v. 准备
`exam`	/ɪɡˈzæm/	n. 考试
`flu`	/fluː/	n. 流行性感冒
`available`	/əˈveɪləbl/	adj. 可获得的；有空的
`another time`	/əˈnʌðə taɪm/	其他时间
`until`	/ənˈtɪl/	prep./conj. 直到……为止
`hang`	/hæŋ/	v. 悬挂
`catch`	/kætʃ/	v. 赶上；抓住
`invitation`	/ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃn/	n. 邀请
`accept`	/əkˈsept/	v. 接受
`refuse`	/rɪˈfjuːz/	v. 拒绝
`reply`	/rɪˈplaɪ/	v. 回答；回复
`forward`	/ˈfɔːwəd/	adv. 向前
`delete`	/dɪˈliːt/	v. 删除
`guest`	/ɡest/	n. 客人
`calendar`	/ˈkælɪndə(r)/	n. 日历
`design`	/dɪˈzaɪn/	v. 设计
`opening`	/ˈəʊpnɪŋ/	n. 开幕式
`concert`	/ˈkɒnsət/	n. 音乐会
`event`	/ɪˈvent/	n. 事件；大事
`guest`	/ɡest/	n. 客人
`daytime`	/ˈdeɪtaɪm/	n. 白天
`glad`	/ɡlæd/	adj. 高兴的
`without`	/wɪˈðaʊt/	prep. 没有
`surprise`	/səˈpraɪz/	n./v. 惊喜

Unit 10: If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time!¶

单词	音标	中文释义
`meeting`	/ˈmiːtɪŋ/	n. 会议
`video`	/ˈvɪdiəʊ/	n. 视频
`organize`	/ˈɔːɡənaɪz/	v. 组织
`potato chips`	/pəˈteɪtəʊ tʃɪps/	n. 炸薯条
`chocolate`	/ˈtʃɒklət/	n. 巧克力
`upset`	/ʌpˈset/	adj. 难过的；烦闷的
`taxi`	/ˈtæksi/	n. 出租车
`advice`	/ədˈvaɪs/	n. 劝告；建议
`travel`	/ˈtrævl/	v. 旅行
`agent`	/ˈeɪdʒənt/	n. 代理人
`expert`	/ˈekspɜːt/	n. 专家
`keep…to oneself`	/kiːp tʊ wʌnˈself/	保守秘密
`teenager`	/ˈtiːneɪdʒə(r)/	n. 青少年
`normal`	/ˈnɔːml/	adj. 正常的
`unless`	/ənˈles/	conj. 除非
`certainly`	/ˈsɜːtnli/	adv. 当然
`wallet`	/ˈwɒlɪt/	n. 钱包
`worried`	/ˈwʌrid/	adj. 担心的
`angry`	/ˈæŋɡri/	adj. 生气的
`understanding`	/ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ/	adj. 善解人意的
`careful`	/ˈkeəfl/	adj. 小心的
`mistake`	/mɪˈsteɪk/	n. 错误
`himself`	/hɪmˈself/	pron. 他自己
`advisable`	/ədˈvaɪzəbl/	adj. 可取的
`solve`	/sɒlv/	v. 解决

三、必会短语与句子 ¶

Unit 1: Where did you go on vacation?¶

重点短语：

go on vacation — 去度假
stay at home — 待在家里
go to the mountains — 去爬山
go to the beach — 去海滩
visit museums — 参观博物馆
go to summer camp — 去夏令营
quite a few — 相当多
of course — 当然
feel like — 感觉像
because of — 因为
decide to do sth. — 决定做某事
try doing sth. / try to do sth. — 尝试做某事/尽力做某事

必会句型：

— Where did you go on vacation? — I went to New York City.
— Did you go anywhere interesting? — Yes, I went to Guizhou with my family.
We took quite a few photos there.
I bought something for my father, but nothing for myself.
The only problem was that there was nothing much to do.
It was sunny and hot, so we decided to go to the beach.
I felt like I was a bird.
Because of the bad weather, we couldn't see anything below.

Unit 2: How often do you exercise?¶

重点短语：

help with housework — 帮忙做家务
go shopping — 去购物
on weekends — 在周末
use the internet — 使用互联网
be good for — 对……有好处
junk food — 垃圾食品
at least — 至少
such as — 例如
less than — 少于
more than — 多于
in one's free time — 在某人的空闲时间
go to the dentist — 去看牙医

必会句型：

— What do you usually do on weekends? — I always exercise.
— How often do you go shopping? — I go shopping maybe once a month.
She says it's good for my health.
Although Mama Bear TV is boring, I still watch it.
We found that only fifteen percent of our students exercise every day.
Old habits die hard.
It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows.
Start exercising before it's too late!

Unit 3: I’m more outgoing than my sister.¶

重点短语：

be different from — 与……不同
be similar to — 与……相似
the same as — 和……相同
care about — 关心；在乎
as long as — 只要
bring out — 使显现；使表现出
in fact — 事实上
be good at — 擅长
have fun — 玩得开心
make friends — 交朋友
be talented in — 在……有天赋
reach for — 伸手去够

必会句型：

Tina is more outgoing than Tara.
Tara works as hard as Tina.
— Is Tom smarter than Sam? — No, he isn't.
A good friend is like a mirror.
A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
It's not necessary to be the same.
I think a good friend makes me laugh.
Larry is much less hard-working, though.

Unit 4: What’s the best movie theater?¶

重点短语：

so far — 到目前为止
no problem — 没问题
close to — 离……近
comfortable seats — 舒适的座位
big screens — 大屏幕
the best service — 最好的服务
be good at — 擅长
more and more — 越来越……
have…in common — 有共同点
be up to — 由……决定
play a role — 发挥作用
make up — 编造 |

必会句型：

— What's the best movie theater? — Town Cinema. It's the cheapest.
Which is the worst clothing store in town?
Dream Clothes is worse than Blue Moon.
It has the biggest screens and the most comfortable seats.
Who was the best performer?
That's up to you to decide.
All these shows have one thing in common.
They usually play a role in deciding the winner.

Unit 5: Do you want to watch a game show?¶

重点短语：

think of — 认为
game show — 游戏节目
soap opera — 肥皂剧
sports show — 体育节目
find out — 查明；找出
around the world — 全世界
one day — 某一天
be ready to — 准备好做某事
dress up — 打扮 |
take sb.'s place — 代替某人
do a good job — 干得好
try one's best — 尽某人最大的努力

必会句型：

— What do you think of talk shows? — I don't mind them.
— Do you want to watch the news? — Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
I hope to find out what's going on around the world.
I can't stand them.
I like to follow the story and see what happens next.
Some people might ask how this cartoon animal became so popular.
However, he was always ready to try his best.
People went to the cinema to see the "little man" win.

Unit 6: I’m going to study computer science.¶

重点短语：

grow up — 长大；成熟
computer science — 计算机科学
be sure about — 对……有把握
make sure — 确保
try one's best — 尽最大努力
make a resolution — 下决心
make promises — 做出承诺
at the beginning of — 在……开始时
write down — 写下；记下
have to do with — 与……有关
take up — 开始从事
for this reason — 由于这个原因

必会句型：

— What do you want to be when you grow up? — I want to be a computer programmer.
— How are you going to do that? — I'm going to study computer science.
I'm going to write articles and send them to magazines and newspapers.
Not everyone knows what they want to be.
Make sure you try your best.
Many people might say they are going to work harder.
Some people write down their resolutions.
Sometimes the resolutions may be too difficult to keep.

Unit 7: Will people have robots?¶

重点短语：

in 100 years — 100年后
be free — 免费的；有空的
fall in love with — 爱上
be able to — 能够
live to be — 活到
come true — 实现 |
over and over again — 反复地
get bored — 感到厌烦
in the future — 在未来
play a part in — 参与某事
space station — 空间站
hundreds of — 数以百计的

必会句型：

— Do you think there will be robots in people's homes? — Yes, there will.
People will live to be 200 years old.
There will be less pollution.
— Will people use money in 100 years? — No, they won't.
I think I'll live on a space station.
Some scientists believe that there will be more robots in the future.
They help with the housework and do jobs like working in dirty or dangerous places.
However, they agree it may take hundreds of years.

Unit 8: How do you make a banana milk shake?¶

重点短语：

milk shake — 奶昔
turn on — 打开 |
cut up — 切碎
pour…into — 把……倒入
peel the bananas — 剥香蕉皮
put…in/into — 把……放入
add…to — 把……加到……
mix up — 混合在一起
how much — 多少（不可数）
how many — 多少（可数）
a slice of — 一片
a recipe for — ……的食谱

必会句型：

— How do you make a banana milk shake? — Peel the bananas, then put them in the blender.
— How many bananas do we need? — We need three bananas.
— How much yogurt do we need? — We need one cup of yogurt.
First, peel the bananas. Next, put the bananas in the blender.
Then pour the milk into the blender. Finally, turn on the blender.
Do you know how to make a turkey sandwich?
Put the turkey and relish on a slice of bread.
Here is a recipe for a great turkey sandwich!

Unit 9: Can you come to my party?¶

重点短语：

prepare for — 为……准备
go to the doctor — 去看病
have the flu — 患流感
another time — 其他时间 |
hang out — 闲逛
on Saturday afternoon — 在星期六下午
the day before yesterday — 前天
the day after tomorrow — 后天
look forward to — 期待
reply to — 回复
turn down — 拒绝
hear from — 收到来信

必会句型：

— Can you come to my party on Saturday? — Sure, I'd love to.
— Can you go to the movies on Saturday? — I'm sorry, I can't. I have to prepare for an exam.
She didn't go to the basketball game because she was sick.
— What's today? — It's Monday the 14th.
What are you doing the day after tomorrow?
Please reply in writing to this invitation by Friday.
I look forward to hearing from you all.
Bring Ms. Steen to the party without telling her.

Unit 10: If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time!¶

重点短语：

have a great time — 玩得开心
stay at home — 待在家里
take the bus — 乘公共汽车
order food — 订餐
have a party — 举办聚会
give sb. some advice — 给某人建议
make mistakes — 犯错误
keep…to oneself — 保守秘密
be angry with — 对……生气
worry about — 担心
run away from — 逃避
in half — 分成两半

必会句型：

— I think I'll take the bus to the party. — If you do, you'll be late.
If you go to the party, you'll have a great time.
What will happen if they have the party tomorrow?
If you do, half the class won't come.
Students these days often have a lot of worries.
Unless we talk to someone, we'll certainly feel worse.
If I tell my parents, they'll be angry.
In English, we say that sharing a problem is like cutting it in half.

四、语法知识详解 ¶

Unit 1: 一般过去时（复习深化）¶

1. 基本概念

一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 yesterday, last week, two days ago, in 2010 等时间状语连用。

2. 动词过去式的构成规则

规则	原形	过去式
一般情况加 `-ed`	`work` → `worked`, `play` → `played`
以 `e` 结尾加 `-d`	`live` → `lived`, `hope` → `hoped`
以”辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i加`-ed`	`study` → `studied`, `carry` → `carried`
重读闭音节结尾，双写末尾辅音字母加`-ed`	`stop` → `stopped`, `plan` → `planned`

⚠️ 重点提示： 不规则动词需要逐个记忆！八上常考的不规则动词有：go→went, see→saw, buy→bought, eat→ate, take→took, have→had, make→made, do→did, come→came, give→gave, get→got, run→ran, fly→flew, swim→swam, sit→sat, write→wrote, ride→rode, drink→drank, sleep→slept, feel→felt, begin→began, forget→forgot, lose→lost, wear→wore, teach→taught, think→thought, build→built, find→found, tell→told, stand→stood, understand→understood。

3. 句型结构

肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他。例：I went to the beach yesterday.
否定句：主语 + did not (didn't) + 动词原形 + 其他。例：I didn't go to the beach yesterday.
一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 例：Did you go to the beach yesterday?
特殊疑问句：疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 例：Where did you go yesterday?

4. 不定代词的用法（本单元重点）

不定代词	含义	用法要点
`something`	某事物	用于肯定句，修饰语后置
`anything`	任何事物	用于否定句和疑问句
`nothing`	没有什么	表否定，本身已含否定意
`everything`	一切	指所有事物
`someone/somebody`	某人	用于肯定句
`anyone/anybody`	任何人	用于否定句和疑问句
`no one/nobody`	没有人	表否定
`everyone/everybody`	每人	指所有人

⚠️ 重点提示： 不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。修饰不定代词的形容词必须放在后面。例：I bought something special.（✅）I bought special something.（❌）

Unit 2: 频率副词 ¶

1. 频率副词的含义和位置

频率副词	含义	频率
`always`	总是	100%
`usually`	通常	80%–90%
`often`	经常	60%–70%
`sometimes`	有时	30%–40%
`hardly ever`	几乎不	5%–10%
`never`	从不	0%

位置规则：
- 放在实义动词之前：I always get up at six.
- 放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后：He is always late for school.

2. how often 的用法

How often 用来提问频率，回答可以用频率副词，也可以用 once/twree times + 时间段：

— How often do you exercise? — I exercise every day. / Three times a week.
— How often does she go shopping? — She goes shopping once a month.

⚠️ 重点提示： how often 问频率，how long 问时间长度，how soon 问多久以后（与将来时连用），注意区分！
- How often do you read English? — 问频率
- How long did you stay there? — 问时长
- How soon will he come back? — 问多久以后

Unit 3: 形容词比较级 ¶

1. 比较级的构成

规则	原级	比较级
单音节词末尾加 `-er`	`tall→taller`, `long→longer`
以e结尾加 `-r`	`nice→nicer`, `large→larger`
重读闭音节双写末尾辅音加 `-er`	`big→bigger`, `hot→hotter`, `thin→thinner`
以”辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i加`-er`	`happy→happier`, `heavy→heavier`
多音节词和部分双音节词前加 `more`	`beautiful→more beautiful`, `outgoing→more outgoing`
不规则变化	`good/well→better`, `bad/badly→worse`, `many/much→more`, `little→less`, `far→farther/further`

2. 比较级的基本句型

A + be + 比较级 + than + B：Tina is taller than Tara.
A + 实义动词 + 比较级 + than + B：Tom runs faster than Sam.
比较级前可用 much, a little, a lot, even, far 等修饰：This book is much more interesting than that one.

3. 同级比较 as...as

as + 原级 + as：和……一样…… Tara works as hard as Tina.
not as/so + 原级 + as：不如…… Tom is not as tall as Sam.（= Tom is shorter than Sam.）

⚠️ 重点提示： as...as 中间必须用原级，不能用比较级！

Unit 4: 形容词最高级 ¶

1. 最高级的构成

规则	原级	最高级
单音节词末尾加 `-est`	`tall→tallest`, `long→longest`
以e结尾加 `-st`	`nice→nicest`, `large→largest`
重读闭音节双写末尾辅音加 `-est`	`big→biggest`, `hot→hottest`
以”辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i加`-est`	`happy→happiest`, `heavy→heaviest`
多音节词前加 `most`	`beautiful→most beautiful`, `expensive→most expensive`
不规则变化	`good/well→best`, `bad/badly→worst`, `many/much→most`, `little→least`

2. 最高级的基本句型

the + 最高级 + (名词) + in/of 短语：Tom is the tallest in our class.
one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词：It is one of the best movies I have ever seen.
Which/Who is the + 最高级, A, B or C?：Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?

⚠️ 重点提示： 最高级前面通常要加 the，但在 one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 结构中，the 不可省略；如果最高级前有物主代词，则不加 the：my best friend。

Unit 5: 动词不定式作宾语 ¶

1. 动词不定式的构成：to + 动词原形

2. 后接动词不定式作宾语的常见动词

hope, want, plan, expect, decide, learn, choose, agree, refuse, promise, try, would like 等。

例句：
- I hope to see you again.
- She wants to watch a game show.
- They plan to go to Beijing next week.
- We expect to learn English well.

3. 后接动词不定式作宾补的动词：tell, ask, want, would like, teach 等

例句：
- My mother wants me to drink milk every day.
- The teacher told us to finish the homework.

Unit 6: be going to 结构表将来 ¶

1. 基本结构

肯定句：主语 + am/is/are going to + 动词原形
否定句：主语 + am/is/are not going to + 动词原形
疑问句：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形?

2. 用法

表示按计划、打算要做的事：I'm going to study computer science.
表示根据当前迹象推测即将发生的事：Look at the clouds! It's going to rain.

3. be going to 与 will 的初步区分

	`be going to`	`will`
计划性	事先有计划	临时决定
依据	有客观迹象	个人的主观判断/意愿
例句	`I'm going to visit my grandparents this weekend.`	`I'll help you with your homework.`

Unit 7: will 一般将来时 ¶

1. 基本结构

肯定句：主语 + will + 动词原形
否定句：主语 + will not (won't) + 动词原形
疑问句：Will + 主语 + 动词原形?

2. 用法

表示对将来的预测：People will have robots in their homes.
表示临时决定：— The phone is ringing. — I'll answer it.
表示意愿：I'll help you with your English.
There will be + 名词表示”将会有”：There will be more trees in the future.

3. there be 句型的将来时

There will be... / There is/are going to be...
例：There will be a sports meeting next week.

⚠️ 重点提示： there will be 不能说成 there will have！这是中考高频错误点。同样，there is going to be 也不能说成 there is going to have。

Unit 8: 可数与不可数名词（复习）/ 祈使句 ¶

1. 可数名词与不可数名词

	可数名词	不可数名词
定义	可以用数计数的名词	不能用数计数的名词
举例	`banana`, `apple`, `sandwich`, `tomato`	`milk`, `yogurt`, `honey`, `salt`, `butter`, `bread`, `meat`, `water`
数量表达	`a/an + 单数`, `数字 + 复数`	`a cup of`, `a spoon of`, `a piece of` 等量词
提问	`How many + 复数名词?`	`How much + 不可数名词?`

例句：
- How many bananas do we need? — We need three bananas.
- How much yogurt do we need? — We need two cups of yogurt.

⚠️ 重点提示： How much 还可以用来提问价格：How much is the milk? — It's five yuan.要根据语境判断问的是数量还是价格。

2. 祈使句

表示请求、命令、建议等，主语 you 通常省略，以动词原形开头。

肯定祈使句：Peel the bananas. / Pour the milk into the blender.
否定祈使句：Don't eat too much junk food.
连词衔接步骤：First..., next..., then..., finally...

Unit 9: 情态动词 can 表邀请 ¶

1. can 表邀请的用法

Can you come to my party? — 你能来参加我的聚会吗？
肯定回答：Sure, I'd love to. / Yes, I'd like to.
委婉拒绝：I'm sorry, I can't. I have to... / I'd love to, but I have to...

2. 常用拒绝理由句型

I have to prepare for an exam. — 我必须为考试做准备。
I'm going to the doctor. — 我要去看医生。
I have the flu. — 我感冒了。
I have too much homework. — 我有太多作业。
I'm visiting my aunt. — 我要去拜访我姑姑。

⚠️ 重点提示： 在委婉拒绝邀请时，应先表达感谢和歉意，再说明原因，这样更礼貌。回答时要注意前后一致，如 I'd love to, but... 不要说成 I'd love, but...（to 不能省略，因为它替代了前面的动词不定式）。

Unit 10: if 引导的条件状语从句 ¶

1. 基本结构

If + 条件从句（一般现在时）, 主句（一般将来时 will + 动词原形）

即”主将从现“——主句用将来时，从句用现在时表将来。

例句：
- If you go to the party, you'll have a great time.
- If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
- If you don't hurry, you will be late.

2. unless 的用法

unless = if...not，意为”除非；如果不”：
- Unless we talk to someone, we'll certainly feel worse.
- = If we don't talk to someone, we'll certainly feel worse.

⚠️ 重点提示： “主将从现”是中考必考点！在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，从句不能用 will，只能用一般现在时表将来。这是学生最易犯的错误之一。

✅ If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.
❌ If it will rain tomorrow, I will stay at home.

3. 情态动词 should 表建议

should 意为”应该”，用于提出建议：
- You should talk to your parents.
- He shouldn't eat too much junk food.
- — What should I do? — You should...

五、必会文章（课文重点）¶

Unit 1: I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family.（2b 阅读重点段落）¶

It was sunny and hot, so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel. My sister and I tried paragliding. I felt like I was a bird. It was so exciting! For lunch, we had something very special — Malaysian yellow noodles. They were delicious! In the afternoon, we rode bicycles to Georgetown. There are a lot of new buildings now, but many of the old buildings are still there. In Weld Quay, a really old place in Georgetown, we saw the houses of the Chinese traders from 100 years ago. I wonder what life was like here in the past. I really enjoyed walking around the town.

关键语言点：
- decide to do sth. — 决定做某事
- try doing sth. — 尝试做某事（强调体验）
- feel like — 感觉像…… 后接从句或动名词
- ride bicycles — 骑自行车（ride 的过去式为 rode）
- wonder + wh-从句 — 想知道……
- enjoy doing sth. — 喜欢做某事

Unit 2: What Do No. 5 High School Students Do in Their Free Time?（2b 阅读重点段落）¶

We found that only fifteen percent of our students exercise every day. Forty-five percent exercise four to six times a week. Twenty percent exercise only one to three times a week. And twenty percent do not exercise at all!

We all know that many students often go online, but we were surprised that ninety percent of them use the Internet every day. The other ten percent use it at least three or four times a week. Most students use it for fun and not for homework.

关键语言点：
- percent — 百分之……（百分数作主语时，谓语动词取决于后面的名词）
- exercise — 在此作动词，意为”锻炼”
- at all — 用于否定句，意为”一点也不”
- go online — 上网
- be surprised that... — 对……感到惊讶
- for fun — 为了娱乐

Unit 3: Jeff Green & Huang Lei（2b 阅读重点段落）¶

Jeff Green: My mother told me a good friend is like a mirror. I’m quieter and more serious than most kids. That’s why I like reading books and I study harder in class. My best friend Yuan Li is quiet too, so we enjoy studying together. I’m shy so it’s not easy for me to make friends.

Huang Lei: It’s not necessary to be the same. My best friend Larry is quite different from me. He is taller and more outgoing than me. We both like sports, but he plays tennis better, so he always wins. However, Larry often helps to bring out the best in me. So I’m getting better at tennis.

关键语言点：
- be like — 像……一样
- 比较级 + than — 比……更……
- It's not easy for sb. to do sth. — 对某人来说做某事不容易
- be different from — 与……不同
- bring out the best in sb. — 使某人展现最好的一面
- get better at — 在……方面变得更好

Unit 4: Who’s Got Talent?（2b 阅读重点段落）¶

All these shows have one thing in common: They try to look for the best singers, the most talented dancers, the most exciting magicians, the funniest actors and so on. All kinds of people join these shows. But who can play the piano the best or sing the most beautifully? That’s up to you to decide. When people watch the show, they usually play a role in deciding the winner. And the winner always gets a very good prize.

关键语言点：
- have...in common — 有共同点
- the best/most + 形容词/副词 — 最高级结构
- be up to sb. to decide — 由某人来决定
- play a role in doing sth. — 在做某事中发挥作用
- all kinds of — 各种各样的

Unit 5: When People Say “Culture”, We Think of Art and History.（2b 阅读重点段落）¶

When people say “culture”, we think of art and history. But one very famous symbol in American culture is a cartoon. We all know and love the black mouse with two large round ears — Mickey Mouse. Over 80 years ago, he first appeared in the cartoon Steamboat Willie. When this cartoon came out in New York on November 18, 1928, it was the first cartoon with sound and music.

Some people might ask how this cartoon animal became so popular. One of the main reasons is that Mickey was like a common man, but he always tried to face any danger. In his early films, Mickey was unlucky and had many problems such as losing his house or girlfriend, Minnie. However, he was always ready to try his best. People went to the cinema to see the “little man” win. Most of them wanted to be like Mickey.

关键语言点：
- think of — 想起；认为
- appear in — 出现在……中
- come out — 出版；发行
- one of the main reasons is that... — 主要原因之一是……
- be ready to do sth. — 准备好做某事
- try one's best — 尽最大努力

Unit 6: Do You Know What a Resolution Is?（2b 阅读重点段落）¶

A resolution is a kind of promise. Most of the time, we make promises to other people. However, promises you make to yourself are resolutions, and the most common kind is New Year’s resolutions. The start of the year is often a time for making resolutions.

There are different kinds of resolutions. Some are about physical health. For example, some people promise themselves they are going to start an exercise program or eat less fast food. Many resolutions have to do with self-improvement. Some people might say they are going to take up a hobby like painting or taking photos, or learn to play the guitar.

关键语言点：
- make a promise / make promises — 做出承诺
- make resolutions — 下决心
- physical health — 身体健康
- have to do with — 与……有关
- take up — 开始从事
- learn to do sth. — 学会做某事

Unit 7: Do You Think You Will Have Your Own Robot?（2b 阅读重点段落）¶

When we watch movies about the future, we sometimes see robots. They are usually like human servants. They help with the housework and do jobs like working in dirty or dangerous places.

Today there are already robots working in factories. Some can help to build cars, and they do simple jobs over and over again. Fewer people will do such jobs in the future because they are boring, but robots will never get bored.

Scientists are now trying to make robots look like humans and do the same things as we do. Some robots in Japan can walk and dance. They are fun to watch. However, some scientists believe that although we can make robots move like people, it will be difficult to make them really think like a human.

关键语言点：
- help with — 帮忙做……
- over and over again — 反复地
- get bored — 感到厌烦
- look like — 看起来像
- do the same things as... — 做和……一样的事
- although 引导让步状语从句

Unit 8: How to Make a Turkey Sandwich（3a 阅读重点段落）¶

Do you know how to make a turkey sandwich? Here is a recipe for a great turkey sandwich!

First, put some butter on a slice of bread. Next, cut up a tomato and an onion. Add these to the sandwich. Then, put some lettuce and the turkey slices on the sandwich. Put some relish on the turkey. Finally, put another slice of bread on top.

关键语言点：
- a recipe for — ……的食谱
- put...on... — 把……放在……上
- cut up — 切碎
- add...to... — 把……加到……
- First/Next/Then/Finally — 描述步骤的连接词

Unit 9: An Invitation and Replies（2b 阅读重点段落）¶

Invitation:
Hi David,
What a great idea! I really miss Ms. Steen. She helped me to improve my English so much. I’m sad to see her go, and this party is the best way to say “Thank you and goodbye.” I can help to buy some of the food and drinks. I can also help to bring Ms. Steen to the party. I already have a great idea about how to do that.

Reply — Accept:
Hi David,
Thanks so much for planning this. I’d love to come to the party, but I’m not available. My family is taking a trip to Wuhan at the end of this month to visit my aunt and uncle. However, I’d still be glad to help out with any of the party preparations, like planning the games. Let me know if you need my help.

关键语言点：
- miss sb. — 想念某人
- help sb. (to) do sth. — 帮助某人做某事
- improve — 改善；提高
- be available — 有空的
- take a trip to — 去旅行
- be glad to do sth. — 乐意做某事
- help out with — 帮忙做……

Unit 10: Students’ Problems and Advice（2b 阅读重点段落）¶

Students these days often have a lot of worries. Sometimes they have problems with their schoolwork, and sometimes with their friends. What can they do about this? Some people think the worst thing is to do nothing. Laura Mills, a teenager from London, agrees. “Problems and worries are normal in life,” says Laura. “But I think talking to someone helps a lot. Unless we talk to someone, we’ll certainly feel worse.”

Laura once lost her wallet, and worried for days. She was afraid to tell her parents about it. She even walked three miles to school each day because she didn’t have any money. She just kept thinking, “If I tell my parents, they’ll be angry!” In the end, she talked to her parents and they were really understanding. Her dad said he made a mistake himself. They got her a new wallet and asked her to be more careful. “I will always remember to share my problems in the future!” Laura says.

关键语言点：
- have problems with — 在……方面有问题
- the worst thing is to do nothing — 最糟糕的事就是什么都不做
- unless — 除非（= if...not）
- be afraid to do sth. — 害怕做某事
- make a mistake — 犯错误
- be more careful — 更小心
- remember to do sth. — 记住要做某事

六、阅读材料（拓展阅读）¶

Passage 1: A Trip to Remember（假期旅行）¶

Last summer, my family and I went to Sanya for our vacation. It was my first time to travel by plane, and I was very excited. The flight took about three hours from Beijing.

When we arrived, the weather was wonderful — sunny and warm. We stayed at a hotel near the beach. Every morning, we got up early and walked along the beach. The sand was soft and white, and the water was clear and blue. My father and I went swimming every day. My mother preferred to sit under a big umbrella and read books.

One day, we took a boat to a small island nearby. We saw many beautiful fish and colorful corals (珊瑚). It was like a dream! We also tried some local seafood. The fish and shrimp were so fresh and delicious.

Before we left, I bought some beautiful shells as presents for my friends. I also wrote a diary about this trip because I didn’t want to forget a single moment. It was truly the best vacation I have ever had. I hope I can go there again one day.

Questions:

How did the writer travel to Sanya?
What did the writer’s mother like to do on the beach?
What did they see when they took a boat to the island?
What did the writer buy for friends?
Why did the writer write a diary about the trip?

参考答案：

By plane. The flight took about three hours from Beijing.
She preferred to sit under a big umbrella and read books.
They saw many beautiful fish and colorful corals.
Some beautiful shells.
Because the writer didn’t want to forget a single moment of the trip.

Passage 2: Healthy Habits for Teenagers（健康习惯）¶

As teenagers, it is important to have healthy habits. Here are some tips to help you stay healthy and happy.

First, exercise regularly. You should exercise at least three times a week. You can run, swim, play basketball, or ride a bicycle. Exercise helps you build strong muscles and bones. It also makes you feel happy and energetic.

Second, eat a balanced diet. Try to eat more fruit and vegetables. They are full of vitamins and minerals. Don’t eat too much junk food or drink too many soft drinks. They can make you gain weight and feel tired. Drink at least eight glasses of water every day.

Third, get enough sleep. Most teenagers need eight to ten hours of sleep each night. If you don’t sleep enough, you will feel tired in class and have trouble concentrating (集中注意力). Try to go to bed before 10 o’clock every night.

Fourth, spend less time on your phone. Many teenagers spend hours looking at their phones every day. This is bad for their eyes and can cause headaches. Try to take a break every 30 minutes when you use your phone.

Finally, keep a positive attitude. If you feel sad or worried, talk to your friends or parents. Don’t keep your problems to yourself. Sharing your feelings can help you feel much better.

Remember: a healthy body and a happy mind are the most important things in life!

Questions:

How often should teenagers exercise according to the passage?
Why is junk food bad for you?
How many hours of sleep do most teenagers need?
What should you do if you feel sad or worried?
What is the main idea of this passage?

参考答案：

At least three times a week.
Because it can make you gain weight and feel tired.
Eight to ten hours each night.
Talk to friends or parents. Don’t keep problems to yourself.
The passage gives tips on how teenagers can stay healthy and happy.

Passage 3: My Best Friend and I（人物比较）¶

Everyone needs a good friend. I am lucky to have a best friend named Lisa. We are in the same class, but we are quite different from each other.

Lisa is taller and more outgoing than me. She loves to talk to people and make new friends. She is also braver — she is never afraid to speak in front of the whole class. I am quieter and shyer. I prefer to listen rather than talk. But Lisa says she likes my calm personality (性格).

Although we are different, we have a lot in common. We both love reading books. Every weekend, we go to the library together and borrow books. We both enjoy music too. Lisa plays the piano beautifully, and I play the violin. Sometimes we play music together, and it sounds wonderful.

Lisa is better at math than I am. When I have problems with math, she always helps me patiently. I am better at English, so I help her with her English homework. We learn from each other and improve together.

Some people say that friends should be the same, but I don’t agree. I think the best friendships are between people who are different. As the saying goes, “Friends are like stars — you don’t always see them, but you know they’re always there.”

Questions:

How are Lisa and the writer different?
What do they have in common?
What instruments do they play?
How do they help each other with schoolwork?
What does the writer think about friendship?

参考答案：

Lisa is taller, more outgoing, and braver. The writer is quieter and shier.
They both love reading books and enjoy music.
Lisa plays the piano and the writer plays the violin.
Lisa helps the writer with math, and the writer helps Lisa with English.
The writer thinks the best friendships are between people who are different.

Passage 4: Life in the Future（未来展望）¶

What will life be like in 50 years? Will we live on Mars? Will robots do all our work? Let’s imagine the future together.

Homes: In the future, our homes will be much smarter than they are now. There will be robots in every home. They will clean the house, cook meals, and even take care of children. The lights and temperature will be controlled by voice. You just need to say, “Turn on the light,” and the light will turn on by itself.

Transportation: People will travel in self-driving cars. You won’t need to drive — the car will drive itself. This will be safer because computers don’t get tired or distracted (分心). For long-distance travel, people might take a hyperloop (超级高铁). It can travel at 1,000 km per hour! A trip from Beijing to Shanghai will take only one hour.

School: School will be very different. Students might not need to go to school at all. They will study at home with the help of AI teachers. The AI teacher will know exactly what each student needs and teach them at their own speed. But students will still need to meet their friends and play together, so there will be activity centers in every neighborhood.

Environment: I hope the environment will be better. Cars will run on clean energy. There will be more trees and parks. The air will be fresh and clean. People will recycle everything and produce almost no waste.

Of course, nobody knows exactly what the future will be like. But one thing is certain: the future is in our hands. What we do today will shape the world of tomorrow.

Questions:

What will robots do in future homes?
Why will self-driving cars be safer?
How will students study in the future?
What kind of energy will cars use in the future?
What does the writer mean by “the future is in our hands”?

参考答案：

They will clean the house, cook meals, and take care of children.
Because computers don’t get tired or distracted.
They will study at home with the help of AI teachers, at their own speed.
Clean energy.
It means what we do today will shape the world of tomorrow, so we should take action now.

Passage 5: How to Be a Good Guest at a Party（派对礼仪）¶

Parties are fun, but do you know how to be a good guest? Here are some important tips to remember.

When you get an invitation: Reply as soon as possible. The host needs to know how many people are coming so they can prepare enough food and drinks. If you can’t go, it’s polite to tell the host and say why.

What to bring: Even if the host says you don’t need to bring anything, it’s always nice to bring a small gift. You can bring some flowers, a box of chocolates, or a bottle of juice. It shows that you appreciate the invitation.

When you arrive: Don’t arrive too early or too late. Arriving five to ten minutes after the start time is usually perfect. If you arrive too early, the host might not be ready. If you arrive too late, you might miss important parts of the party.

At the party: Be friendly to everyone. Try to talk to people you don’t know. Don’t spend the whole time on your phone. If there are games or activities, join in and have fun. Don’t be shy!

Table manners: Don’t start eating until everyone has food. Don’t talk with food in your mouth. Try a little bit of everything, even if you’re not sure you’ll like it. Always say “thank you” when someone passes you food.

When you leave: Say thank you to the host before you go. Tell them you had a great time. The next day, you can send a message to say thank you again. This is a small thing, but it means a lot to the host.

If you follow these tips, you will always be a welcome guest at any party!

Questions:

Why should you reply to an invitation as soon as possible?
What are some good small gifts to bring to a party?
When is the best time to arrive at a party?
What should you NOT do at the table?
What should you do the day after the party?

参考答案：

Because the host needs to know how many people are coming to prepare enough food and drinks.
Some flowers, a box of chocolates, or a bottle of juice.
Five to ten minutes after the start time.
Don’t start eating until everyone has food. Don’t talk with food in your mouth.
Send a message to the host to say thank you again.

七、优秀范文与必会练习 ¶

（一）优秀范文 ¶

范文1: My Vacation（假期经历，约110词）¶

Last summer vacation, I went to Beijing with my family. We went there by train. It took us about six hours.

On the first day, we visited the Great Wall. It was very long and old. I felt tired but excited when I climbed to the top. The view was wonderful! On the second day, we went to the Palace Museum. There were so many beautiful buildings. I learned a lot about Chinese history. On the third day, we ate Beijing roast duck for dinner. It was the most delicious food I had ever eaten.

I really enjoyed this trip. I hope I can visit Beijing again next year. It was an unforgettable vacation!

范文2: My Healthy Lifestyle（健康生活习惯，约115词）¶

I think I have a healthy lifestyle. Let me tell you about my habits.

First, I exercise every day. I usually run in the park for thirty minutes in the morning. On weekends, I play basketball with my friends. Exercise makes me strong and energetic.

Second, I eat healthy food. I eat lots of fruit and vegetables every day. My favorite fruit is apples. I hardly ever eat junk food because it is bad for my health. I drink milk every morning and water every day.

Third, I sleep eight hours every night. I always go to bed before 10 o’clock. I never stay up late.

I believe a healthy lifestyle helps me study better and feel happier. I will keep these good habits forever.

范文3: My Best Friend（朋友比较，约110词）¶

My best friend is Tom. We have been friends since primary school.

Tom is taller and more outgoing than me. He loves to talk and make people laugh. I am quieter and more serious. I like reading books and studying. Although we are different, we have a lot in common. We both love sports, especially basketball. We often play basketball together after school.

Tom is better at math than I am, so he always helps me with math problems. I am better at English, so I help him with English. We learn from each other and improve together. I think Tom is the best friend in the world. A true friend is someone who brings out the best in you.

范文4: My New Year’s Resolutions（新年计划，约115词）¶

The new year is coming, and I have made some resolutions for myself. I hope I can keep them all year.

First, I am going to study harder. I want to get better grades, especially in math. I am going to do extra math exercises every day and ask my teacher for help when I have questions.

Second, I am going to exercise more. I plan to run for thirty minutes every morning and play basketball on weekends. I want to be stronger and healthier.

Third, I am going to read more books. I am going to read at least one English book every month. This will help me improve my English.

Fourth, I am going to help my parents with housework. I will wash the dishes and clean my room every week.

I believe I can keep these resolutions if I try my best!

范文5: My Life in the Future（未来展望，约115词）¶

What will my life be like in twenty years? Let me share my ideas with you.

In twenty years, I will be a doctor. I want to help sick people and save lives. I think it is a meaningful job. I will work in a big hospital in my hometown.

I will live in a big house with a beautiful garden. There will be a robot in my home. It will help me cook, clean the house, and do the laundry. I will have more free time to do things I enjoy.

I will travel to different countries every year. I want to visit Paris, Tokyo, and New York. I will take many photos and try different kinds of food.

I will also keep in touch with my friends. We will video chat online and share our stories. I hope my future life will be wonderful!

范文6: A Party Invitation（派对邀请，约105词）¶

Dear Mary,

How are you? I am going to have a birthday party next Saturday, and I would like to invite you to come.

The party will start at 6:00 p.m. at my home. I have invited about fifteen friends. We are going to have a big dinner first. My mother is going to cook lots of delicious food. After dinner, we are going to play games, sing songs, and eat birthday cake. I am sure we will have a great time!

Please let me know if you can come by Thursday. If you have any food you can’t eat, please tell me in advance.

I look forward to seeing you at the party!

Love,
Lily

范文7: How to Make a Fruit Salad（制作水果沙拉，约100词）¶

Do you like fruit salad? It is delicious and healthy. Let me tell you how to make it.

First, you need to prepare some fruit. You can use apples, bananas, oranges, strawberries, and grapes. Wash the fruit carefully.

Next, cut the fruit into small pieces. Peel the apples and oranges first. Cut the bananas into slices. Cut the strawberries in half.

Then, put all the fruit into a big bowl. Add some yogurt and a little honey. You can also add some nuts if you like.

Finally, mix everything together with a spoon. Put the salad in the fridge for ten minutes. Now your fruit salad is ready! Enjoy it with your family!

范文8: If I Have a Lot of Money（条件状语从句写作，约110词）¶

If I have a lot of money, I will do many things to make my life and other people’s lives better.

First, I will buy a big house for my parents. They work very hard every day, and I want them to live comfortably. I will also take them to travel around the world because they have always wanted to see different countries.

Second, I will help poor children. I will build schools in poor areas so that children there can get a good education. If they study well, they will have a better future.

Third, I will donate money to protect the environment. I will plant more trees and clean up the rivers.

I know that money is not everything, but if I use it well, I can make the world a better place.

（二）必会练习（按单元设计）¶

Unit 1 练习 ¶

一、单项选择

— Where ______ you go on vacation?
— I went to the mountains.
A. do　　B. did　　C. are　　D. were
— Did you buy ______ special for your mother?
— Yes, I bought a scarf for her.
A. something　　B. anything　　C. nothing　　D. everything
The weather was bad, ______ we couldn’t go out to play.
A. but　　B. so　　C. because　　D. or
I felt like I ______ a bird when I tried paragliding.
A. am　　B. was　　C. were　　D. be
— How was the food there?
— ______. I really enjoyed it.
A. It was terrible　　B. It was delicious
C. It was boring　　D. It was expensive
We decided ______ to the beach because it was too hot.
A. go　　B. going　　C. to go　　D. went

参考答案： 1–6: BABBBC

二、用所给词的正确形式填空

I ______ (go) to New York City last summer.
We ______ (take) quite a few photos there.
She ______ (buy) something for her father.
The food ______ (taste) really good.
They ______ (not visit) the museum because it was closed.

参考答案： 1. went　2. took　3. bought　4. tasted　5. didn’t visit

Unit 2 练习 ¶

一、单项选择

— ______ do you go to the movies?
— Once a month.
A. How long　　B. How often　　C. How soon　　D. How far
I ______ eat junk food because it’s bad for my health.
A. always　　B. usually　　C. sometimes　　D. never
______ it is raining, we still go to school.
A. Although; but　　B. Although; /
C. /; although　　D. But; although
She is very ______ and exercises every day.
A. lazy　　B. active　　C. quiet　　D. shy
— How many hours do you sleep every night?
— ______ eight hours.
A. At first　　B. At last　　C. At least　　D. At most
______ good habit is important for everyone.
A. Have a　　B. Having a　　C. Has a　　D. Had a

参考答案： 1–6: BDABCB

二、句型转换

I exercise every day.（对划线部分提问）→ __ ____ do you exercise?
She hardly ever watches TV.（对划线部分提问）→ __ ____ does she watch TV?
Tom is always late for school.（改为否定句）→ Tom __ ____ late for school.

参考答案： 1. How often　2. How often　3. is never

Unit 3 练习 ¶

一、单项选择

Tom is ______ than Sam.
A. tall　　B. taller　　C. tallest　　D. the tallest
My sister is as ______ as me.
A. outgoing　　B. more outgoing
C. the most outgoing　　D. outgoinger
This book is ______ more interesting than that one.
A. very　　B. much　　C. quite　　D. pretty
Lisa is ______ than her brother.
A. funnier　　B. funny　　C. more funny　　D. funniest
— Is Tina ______ than Tara?
— Yes, she is.
A. more outgoing　　B. outgoing
C. the most outgoing　　D. outgoinger
Both of them ______ good at sports.
A. is　　B. are　　C. was　　D. be

参考答案： 1–6: BABAB

… (wait, let me recount) 1. B　2. A　3. B　4. A　5. A　6. B

参考答案： 1–6: BABAAB

二、用所给词的正确形式填空

Tom is ______ (tall) than Sam.
Tara works as ______ (hard) as Tina.
My friend is ______ (outgoing) than me.
She is ______ (good) at math than I am.

参考答案： 1. taller　2. hard　3. more outgoing　4. better

Unit 4 练习 ¶

一、单项选择

Town Cinema is ______ movie theater in our city.
A. good　　B. better　　C. best　　D. the best
— Which is ______, the sun, the moon or the earth?
— The sun, of course.
A. big　　B. bigger　　C. the biggest　　D. biggest
This store has ______ service in town.
A. worse　　B. the worst　　C. worst　　D. bad
Movie World has ______ screens than Town Cinema.
A. big　　B. bigger　　C. biggest　　D. the biggest
The tickets there are the ______, so many people go there.
A. cheap　　B. cheaper　　C. cheapest　　D. the cheapest
She is one of ______ students in our class.
A. good　　B. better　　C. the best　　D. best

参考答案： 1–6: DCBBCC

二、完形填空

There are three movie theaters in our town. Screen City is the 1 to my home, so I usually go there. It has the biggest 2 and the most comfortable seats. But the tickets are a little 3 . Town Cinema is the cheapest, but it has the 4 service. Movie World is the most popular 5 it has the best sound. I think Screen City is the 6 of the three.

A. close　　B. closer　　C. closest
A. screen　　B. screens　　C. screen’s
A. expensive　　B. cheap　　C. good
A. good　　B. better　　C. worst
A. but　　B. because　　C. so
A. good　　B. better　　C. best

参考答案： 1–6: CBACBC

Unit 5 练习 ¶

一、单项选择

— What do you think of game shows?
— I don’t ______ them.
A. stand　　B. mind　　C. like　　D. love
I hope ______ the news every day.
A. watch　　B. watching　　C. to watch　　D. watched
Mickey Mouse first ______ in Steamboat Willie in 1928.
A. appeared　　B. appears　　C. appear　　D. appearing
I can’t ______ soap operas. They are too boring.
A. stand　　B. like　　C. love　　D. want
— Do you plan ______ a talk show tonight?
— Yes, I do.
A. watch　　B. watching　　C. to watch　　D. watched
He was always ready ______ his best.
A. try　　B. trying　　C. to try　　D. tried

参考答案： 1–6: BCAACB… → BCAACC

Let me recount: 1. B　2. C　3. A　4. A　5. C　6. C

参考答案： 1–6: BCAACC

二、补全对话

A: What do you 1 watching on TV?
B: I like watching talk shows.
A: 2 do you like them?
B: Because they are interesting. What about you?
A: I like 3 shows. I can learn what’s happening around the world.
B: Do you like soap operas?
A: No, I can’t 4 them. They are too boring.

参考答案： 1. like/enjoy　2. Why　3. news　4. stand

Unit 6 练习 ¶

一、单项选择

— What do you want to be when you ______?
— I want to be a doctor.
A. grow up　　B. get up　　C. stand up　　D. wake up
I’m going to ______ harder next year.
A. study　　B. studying　　C. studied　　D. studies
— ______ are you going to do that?
— I’m going to study medicine.
A. What　　B. How　　C. When　　D. Where
She is going to write articles and ______ them to magazines.
A. bring　　B. take　　C. send　　D. give
Some people ______ down their resolutions.
A. write　　B. writes　　C. writing　　D. wrote
Make ______ you try your best.
A. sure　　B. up　　C. of　　D. from

参考答案： 1–6: AABCAA

二、用 be going to 改写句子

I want to study computer science. → I __ _ ___ study computer science.
She wants to learn the piano. → She __ _ ___ learn the piano.
They want to take up a new hobby. → They __ _ ___ take up a new hobby.

参考答案： 1. am going to　2. is going to　3. are going to

Unit 7 练习 ¶

一、单项选择

— Will people have robots in their homes?
— ______.
A. Yes, they will　　B. Yes, they do
C. No, they don’t　　D. No, they aren’t
There ______ more trees in the future.
A. will have　　B. will be　　C. is going to have　　D. are
I think people ______ live to be 200 years old.
A. will　　B. are going　　C. be　　D. were
______ a sports meeting next week.
A. There will has　　B. There will be
C. There will have　　D. There is going to have
Robots will help ______ the housework.
A. for　　B. with　　C. to　　D. in
She ______ in love with the city when she visited it.
A. fell　　B. fall　　C. falls　　D. falling

参考答案： 1–6: ABABBA

二、用 will 或 be going to 填空

Look at the clouds! It ______ rain.
I ______ help you with your homework.（临时决定）
We ______ visit our grandparents this weekend.（计划）
People ______ have more free time in the future.（预测）

参考答案： 1. is going to　2. will　3. are going to　4. will

Unit 8 练习 ¶

一、单项选择

— ______ yogurt do we need?
— One cup.
A. How many　　B. How much　　C. How long　　D. How often
— ______ bananas do we need?
— Three.
A. How many　　B. How much　　C. How long　　D. How far
First, peel the bananas. ______, put them in the blender.
A. Next　　B. Finally　　C. Last　　D. Then
Please ______ the milk into the blender.
A. pour　　B. peel　　C. cut　　D. mix
Don’t forget to ______ the blender.
A. turn on　　B. turn off　　C. turn up　　D. turn down
Add some honey ______ the yogurt.
A. in　　B. on　　C. to　　D. at

参考答案： 1–6: BAAAAC

二、用 how many 或 how much 填空

______ apples do you need?
______ honey do we need?
______ water is there in the bottle?
______ sandwiches did you make?

参考答案： 1. How many　2. How much　3. How much　4. How many

Unit 9 练习 ¶

一、单项选择

— Can you come to my party?
— ______, I’d love to.
A. Sure　　B. No　　C. Sorry　　D. Of course not
— Can you go to the movies with me?
— Sorry, I can’t. I ______ prepare for an exam.
A. have to　　B. has to　　C. had to　　D. having to
— What’s today?
— It’s ______.
A. Monday　　B. Monday the 14th　　C. the 14th　　D. 14th
Please reply __ writing ____ this invitation.
A. in; to　　B. with; to　　C. in; for　　D. with; for
I look forward to ______ from you.
A. hear　　B. hearing　　C. heard　　D. hears
She didn’t go to school because she ______ the flu.
A. has　　B. had　　C. have　　D. having

参考答案： 1–6: AABABB

二、补全对话

A: Can you come to my birthday party this Saturday?
B: 1 , I’d love to. What time does it start?
A: It starts at 6:00 p.m.
B: 2 should I bring?
A: You don’t need to bring anything.
B: Where is the party?
A: 3 my home. I’ll send you the address.
B: Great! I’m 4 forward to it!

参考答案： 1. Sure/Yes　2. What　3. At　4. looking

Unit 10 练习 ¶

一、单项选择

If you go to the party, you ______ a great time.
A. have　　B. will have　　C. had　　D. having
If it ______ tomorrow, we will stay at home.
A. rain　　B. rains　　C. will rain　　D. rained
— I think I’ll stay at home.
— If you ______, you’ll be sorry.
A. do　　B. will　　C. did　　D. are
______ we talk to someone, we’ll certainly feel worse.
A. If　　B. Unless　　C. When　　D. Because
You ______ talk to your parents about your problems.
A. should　　B. shouldn’t　　C. can’t　　D. won’t
If he ______ hard, he will pass the exam.
A. studies　　B. will study　　C. studied　　D. study

参考答案： 1–6: BBABAA

二、用所给动词的正确形式填空

If it ______ (not rain) tomorrow, we will go to the park.
If you ______ (not hurry), you will be late.
I ______ (be) angry if you don’t tell me the truth.
Unless he ______ (study) hard, he won’t pass the exam.

参考答案： 1. doesn’t rain　2. don’t hurry　3. will be　4. studies

综合练习：书面表达 ¶

题目： 假如你是李明，你的朋友Peter给你写信说他最近总是感到很累，学习效率低。请你给他写一封回信，提出建议（至少三条），词数100左右。

参考范文：

Dear Peter,

I’m sorry to hear that you feel tired and can’t study well. Don’t worry. Here is some advice for you.

First, you should get enough sleep. Try to go to bed before 10 o’clock every night. If you sleep more, you will have more energy.

Second, you should exercise more. Exercise can help you relax and feel happy. You can run or play basketball after school.

Third, you should eat healthy food. Eat more fruit and vegetables. Don’t eat too much junk food. It can make you feel tired.

Finally, if you have problems, you should talk to your friends or parents. Don’t keep everything to yourself.

I hope you will feel better soon. Take care!

Yours,
Li Ming

附录：八年级上册语法速查表 ¶

语法项目	核心结构	例句
一般过去时	`主语 + 动词过去式`	`I went to Beijing last summer.`
频率副词	`always/usually/often/sometimes/hardly ever/never`	`I always get up at six.`
比较级	`A + be + 比较级 + than + B`	`Tom is taller than Sam.`
同级比较	`as + 原级 + as`	`She runs as fast as him.`
最高级	`the + 最高级 + in/of`	`He is the tallest in our class.`
be going to	`主语 + be going to + 动词原形`	`I'm going to study harder.`
will 一般将来时	`主语 + will + 动词原形`	`People will have robots.`
there will be	`There will be + 名词`	`There will be more trees.`
可数/不可数名词	`How many + 复数? / How much + 不可数?`	`How many apples? / How much milk?`
祈使句	`动词原形 + 其他`	`Peel the bananas.`
can 表邀请	`Can you...?`	`Can you come to my party?`
if 条件状语从句	`If + 一般现在时, 主句 + will + 动词原形`	`If it rains, I will stay home.`
should 表建议	`主语 + should + 动词原形`	`You should exercise more.`
不定代词	`something/anything/nothing + 形容词`	`I bought something special.`
动词不定式作宾语	`want/hope/plan/expect + to do`	`I hope to see you.`

使用说明： 本手册可配合人教版八年级上册教材同步使用。建议课前预习单词和短语，课后复习语法和课文，周末完成拓展阅读和单元练习。坚持不懈，方能厚积薄发。祝同学们在八年级上学期的英语学习中取得优异成绩！

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