20260727 090603 高中英语高一上册学习手册必修第一册

高中英语 · 高一上册学习手册（必修第一册）¶

依据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2020年修订）》，基于人教版新课标（2019版）必修第一册（Book 1）编写。本手册涵盖5个单元，含7大板块，面向高中起步阶段系统训练语言能力、文化意识、思维品质与学习能力四大核心素养。

一、考纲要求与学习目标 ¶

1.1 课程标准总体要求 ¶

高中英语课程以英语学科核心素养为统领，高一年级（必修阶段）是整个高中英语学习的奠基期。必修第一册要求学生在初中基础上，进一步发展综合语言运用能力，为选择性必修和选修课程打下坚实基础。

课程总目标包含四大维度：

语言能力：在初中3500词基础上，掌握各单元核心词汇约1500词（复用式掌握），能在听、说、读、看、写中综合运用语言知识和语言技能。
文化意识：理解中外文化异同，增强国家认同和文化自信，能比较并鉴赏多元文化现象（如中外青少年生活、世界旅行文化、体育精神、灾害应对中的共同体意识、世界语言多样性）。
思维品质：发展逻辑性、批判性和创新性思维，能分析、归纳、推断和评价信息，能够对课文文本进行深层理解与多角度思考。
学习能力：树立正确的英语学习观，掌握并运用有效的学习策略（词汇记忆、语法归纳、阅读预测、写作构思等），具备自主学习和合作学习的能力。

1.2 高一上学期具体学习目标 ¶

维度	具体目标
词汇	掌握各单元30-40个核心词汇，累计掌握生词800+，能正确拼写、辨析词义、运用短语搭配
语法	掌握短语类型识别、一般将来时与将来进行时、附加疑问句、进行时态的被动语态、限制性定语从句等高考基础语法
阅读	阅读速度达到70-80词/分钟，能理解主旨要义、细节信息、作者意图、推断词义，掌握略读、寻读、预测等策略
写作	能写100-120词的应用文（书信、演讲稿、电子邮件）和记叙文，做到内容完整、条理清楚、语言基本准确
听说	能听懂日常交际对话和短文，能用英语就熟悉话题进行简单交流、陈述观点
文化	了解中外青少年生活方式、世界文化遗产、体育精神、自然灾害常识、世界语言格局等文化知识

1.3 高一起点阶段学法指导 ¶

高一英语学习是初高中衔接的关键期。初中英语侧重基础交际，高中英语要求更系统的语言知识网络和更强的自主学习能力。以下为几点核心学法建议：

词汇学习要”立体化”。不要孤立背单词，要做到”音、形、义、用”四位一体。每学一个单词，要掌握其音标、拼写、词性、搭配和用法。例如 challenge 既是名词又是动词，要记 face a challenge（面对挑战）、challenge sb to do sth（向某人挑战做某事）等搭配。
语法学习要”体系化”。高中语法不是零散规则的堆砌，而是一个有机体系。建议建立语法笔记本，将时态、语态、从句等分门别类，用例句支撑规则，用对比加深理解。例如学习定语从句时，要系统掌握关系代词的选择规律，而非死记硬背。
阅读训练要”策略化”。摒弃逐字翻译的阅读习惯，学会运用略读（skimming）抓主旨、寻读（scanning）找细节、预测（predicting）推内容、推断（inferring）悟深意的策略。每周至少完成3-4篇课外阅读，保持语感。
写作训练要”规范化”。高一阶段要养成正确的写作习惯：审题立意—列提纲—打草稿—修改润色。注重句子结构的完整性和准确性，避免中式英语（Chinglish）。积累并运用高级句型，如定语从句、非谓语动词等。
坚持”听读输入”与”说写输出”并重。每天安排15-20分钟听力训练，利用课文录音、英语广播等资源；每周坚持用英语写日记或短文，培养英语思维和表达习惯。

1.4 高考衔接说明 ¶

必修第一册虽属基础阶段，但其中蕴含大量高考核心考点。本手册将标注「★高考核心」的词汇和语法点，这些是高考英语试卷（特别是语法填空、完形填空、书面表达）的高频考点。建议高一起就树立高考意识，将基础打牢。

二、必会单词 ¶

说明：每单元列出核心重点单词，含音标（IPA）、词性、中文释义。「★高考核心」标注高考高频考查词汇。

Unit 1: Teenage Life（青少年生活）¶

单词	音标	词性	释义	备注
`teenage`	/ˈtiːneɪdʒ/	adj.	十几岁的	★高考核心
`teenager`	/ˈtiːneɪdʒə(r)/	n.	青少年	★高考核心
`volunteer`	/ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/	n./v.	志愿者；自愿做	★高考核心
`debate`	/dɪˈbeɪt/	n./v.	辩论；争论	★高考核心
`prefer`	/prɪˈfɜː(r)/	v.	更喜欢	★高考核心
`content`	/ˈkɒntent/	n.	内容；（书等的）目录	★高考核心
`movement`	/ˈmuːvmənt/	n.	运动；动作
`greenhouse`	/ˈɡriːnhaʊs/	n.	温室；暖房
`suitable`	/ˈsuːtəbl/	adj.	合适的；适用的	★高考核心
`actually`	/ˈæktʃuəli/	adv.	事实上；实际上	★高考核心
`challenge`	/ˈtʃælɪndʒ/	n./v.	挑战；向……挑战	★高考核心
`title`	/ˈtaɪtl/	n.	标题；头衔
`topic`	/ˈtɒpɪk/	n.	话题；主题	★高考核心
`freshman`	/ˈfreʃmən/	n.	（中学）九年级/十年级学生；新生
`recommend`	/ˌrekəˈmend/	v.	推荐；建议	★高考核心
`schedule`	/ˈʃedjuːl/	n./v.	日程安排；安排	★高考核心
`editor`	/ˈedɪtə(r)/	n.	编辑；编者
`plate`	/pleɪt/	n.	盘子；板
`survival`	/səˈvaɪvl/	n.	生存；幸存	★高考核心
`obviously`	/ˈɒbviəsli/	adv.	显然地
`fluent`	/ˈfluːənt/	adj.	流利的；流畅的	★高考核心
`graduate`	/ˈɡrædʒueɪt/	v./n.	毕业；毕业生	★高考核心
`recommendation`	/ˌrekəmenˈdeɪʃn/	n.	推荐；建议
`extra`	/ˈekstrə/	adj.	额外的；附加的	★高考核心
`advanced`	/ədˈvɑːnst/	adj.	高级的；先进的	★高考核心
`quit`	/kwɪt/	v.	停止；离开；辞职	★高考核心
`responsible`	/rɪˈspɒnsəbl/	adj.	有责任的；负责的	★高考核心
`responsibility`	/rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/	n.	责任；职责	★高考核心
`attractive`	/əˈtræktɪv/	adj.	有吸引力的
`attract`	/əˈtrækt/	v.	吸引	★高考核心
`generation`	/ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/	n.	一代；代
`focus`	/ˈfəʊkəs/	v./n.	集中（注意力）；焦点	★高考核心
`literacy`	/ˈlɪtərəsi/	n.	读写能力；素养
`adventure`	/ədˈventʃə(r)/	n.	冒险；奇遇
`attraction`	/əˈtrækʃn/	n.	吸引力；吸引人的事物
`extra-curricular`	/ˌekstrəkəˈrɪkjələ(r)/	adj.	课外的

Unit 2: Travelling Around（旅行）¶

单词	音标	词性	释义	备注
`castle`	/ˈkɑːsl/	n.	城堡
`apply`	/əˈplaɪ/	v.	申请；应用	★高考核心
`visa`	/ˈviːzə/	n.	签证
`rent`	/rent/	n./v.	租金；租用
`packet`	/ˈpækɪt/	n.	小包；小盒
`flight`	/flaɪt/	n.	航班；飞行	★高考核心
`reserve`	/rɪˈzɜːv/	v.	预订；保留	★高考核心
`request`	/rɪˈkwest/	n./v.	要求；请求	★高考核心
`view`	/vjuː/	n.	景色；观点	★高考核心
`sight`	/saɪt/	n.	景象；视野	★高考核心
`statue`	/ˈstætʃuː/	n.	雕像
`destination`	/ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn/	n.	目的地	★高考核心
`unique`	/juˈniːk/	adj.	独特的；独一无二的	★高考核心
`path`	/pɑːθ/	n.	小路；路径
`narrow`	/ˈnærəʊ/	adj.	狭窄的
`flat`	/flæt/	adj.	平的；平坦的
`powerful`	/ˈpaʊəfl/	adj.	强大的；强有力的	★高考核心
`empire`	/ˈempaɪə(r)/	n.	帝国
`emperor`	/ˈempərə(r)/	n.	皇帝
`official`	/əˈfɪʃl/	adj./n.	官方的；官员	★高考核心
`amazing`	/əˈmeɪzɪŋ/	adj.	令人惊奇的	★高考核心
`ancient`	/ˈeɪnʃənt/	adj.	古老的；古代的	★高考核心
`civilization`	/ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/	n.	文明	★高考核心
`contact`	/ˈkɒntækt/	n./v.	接触；联系	★高考核心
`transport`	/trænˈspɔːt/	v./n.	运输；交通工具	★高考核心
`hike`	/haɪk/	v./n.	徒步旅行
`economy`	/ɪˈkɒnəmi/	n.	经济	★高考核心
`economic`	/ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/	adj.	经济的	★高考核心
`admire`		v.	钦佩；欣赏	★高考核心
`scenery`		n.	风景；景色
`package`	/ˈpækɪdʒ/	n.	包裹；套餐
`detail`	/ˈdiːteɪl/	n.	细节	★高考核心
`recognise`	/ˈrekəɡnaɪz/	v.	认出；承认	★高考核心
`source`	/sɔːs/	n.	来源；源泉	★高考核心
`stretch`		v.	延伸；伸展
`quality`	/ˈkwɒləti/	n.	质量；品质	★高考核心
`comfort`	/ˈkʌmfət/	n./v.	舒适；安慰

Unit 3: Sports and Fitness（运动与健康）¶

单词	音标	词性	释义	备注
`boxing`	/ˈbɒksɪŋ/	n.	拳击
`badminton`	/ˈbædmɪntən/	n.	羽毛球
`marathon`	/ˈmærəθən/	n.	马拉松
`event`	/ɪˈvent/	n.	比赛项目；事件	★高考核心
`athlete`	/ˈæθliːt/	n.	运动员	★高考核心
`master`	/ˈmɑːstə(r)/	n./v.	大师；精通	★高考核心
`host`	/həʊst/	n./v.	主人；主办	★高考核心
`gym`	/dʒɪm/	n.	体育馆；健身房
`sweat`	/swet/	n./v.	汗水；出汗
`determination`	/dɪˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃn/	n.	决心；果断	★高考核心
`honor`	/ˈɒnə(r)/	n.	荣誉；尊敬	★高考核心
`glory`	/ˈɡlɔːri/	n.	荣耀；光荣	★高考核心
`medal`	/ˈmedl/	n.	奖章
`champion`	/ˈtʃæmpiən/	n.	冠军	★高考核心
`separate`	/ˈseprət/	adj./v.	分开的；分开	★高考核心
`graceful`	/ˈɡreɪsfl/	adj.	优美的
`captain`	/ˈkæptɪn/	n.	队长；船长
`injure`	/ˈɪndʒə(r)/	v.	伤害；使受伤	★高考核心
`injury`	/ˈɪndʒəri/	n.	伤害；受伤处	★高考核心
`strength`	/streŋθ/	n.	力量；强度	★高考核心
`failure`	/ˈfeɪljə(r)/	n.	失败；故障	★高考核心
`compete`	/kəmˈpiːt/	v.	竞争；比赛	★高考核心
`pretend`		v.	假装	★高考核心
`million`	/ˈmɪljən/	num.	一百万
`cheat`	/tʃiːt/	v.	欺骗；作弊	★高考核心
`audience`	/ˈɔːdiəns/	n.	观众；听众	★高考核心
`positive`	/ˈpɒzətɪv/	adj.	积极的；肯定的	★高考核心
`slim`	/slɪm/	adj.	苗条的
`diet`	/ˈdaɪət/	n.	日常饮食；节食	★高考核心
`rather`	/ˈrɑːðə(r)/	adv.	相当；宁愿	★高考核心
`stress`	/stres/	n./v.	压力；强调	★高考核心
`error`	/ˈerə(r)/	n.	错误；过失
`fitness`	/ˈfɪtnəs/	n.	健康；适合
`grace`	/ɡreɪs/	n.	优雅；风度
`legend`	/ˈledʒənd/	n.	传说；传奇人物

Unit 4: Natural Disasters（自然灾害）¶

单词	音标	词性	释义	备注
`disaster`	/dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/	n.	灾难	★高考核心
`drought`	/draʊt/	n.	旱灾
`landslide`	/ˈlændslaɪd/	n.	山体滑坡
`tsunami`	/tsuˈnɑːmi/	n.	海啸
`flood`	/flʌd/	n./v.	洪水；淹没	★高考核心
`erupt`	/ɪˈrʌpt/	v.	爆发；喷发	★高考核心
`eruption`	/ɪˈrʌpʃn/	n.	爆发；喷发
`magnitude`	/ˈmæɡnɪtjuːd/	n.	震级；重要性
`rescue`	/ˈreskjuː/	n./v.	营救；救援	★高考核心
`damage`	/ˈdæmɪdʒ/	n./v.	损害；损失	★高考核心
`destroy`	/dɪˈstrɔɪ/	v.	破坏；毁灭	★高考核心
`ruin`	/ˈruːɪn/	n./v.	废墟；毁坏	★高考核心
`extreme`	/ɪkˈstriːm/	adj.	极端的	★高考核心
`shock`	/ʃɒk/	n./v.	震惊；休克	★高考核心
`electricity`	/ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/	n.	电；电力	★高考核心
`supply`	/səˈplaɪ/	n./v.	供应；补给	★高考核心
`trap`	/træp/	v./n.	使陷入困境；陷阱	★高考核心
`bury`	/ˈberi/	v.	埋葬；掩埋	★高考核心
`breathe`	/briːð/	v.	呼吸	★高考核心
`revive`	/rɪˈvaɪv/	v.	复活；复兴
`effort`	/ˈefət/	n.	努力；尽力	★高考核心
`unify`	/ˈjuːnɪfaɪ/	v.	统一；团结
`wisdom`	/ˈwɪzdəm/	n.	智慧	★高考核心
`suffer`	/ˈsʌfə(r)/	v.	遭受；受苦	★高考核心
`aftershock`	/ˈɑːftəʃɒk/	n.	余震
`crash`	/kræʃ/	v./n.	碰撞；坠毁	★高考核心
`strike`	/straɪk/	v./n.	袭击；罢工；打	★高考核心
`deliver`	/dɪˈlɪvə(r)/	v.	递送；交付	★高考核心
`summary`	/ˈsʌməri/	n.	总结；摘要	★高考核心
`effect`	/ɪˈfekt/	n.	效果；影响	★高考核心
`affect`	/əˈfekt/	v.	影响；感动	★高考核心
`survive`	/səˈvaɪv/	v.	幸存；存活	★高考核心
`shelter`	/ˈʃeltə(r)/	n.	避难所；庇护	★高考核心
`metal`	/ˈmetl/	n.	金属
`whistle`	/ˈwɪsl/	n.	哨子；口哨

Unit 5: Languages Around the World（世界上的语言）¶

单词	音标	词性	释义	备注
`diverse`	/daɪˈvɜːs/	adj.	多样的	★高考核心
`diversity`		n.	多样性	★高考核心
`classic`	/ˈklæsɪk/	adj./n.	经典的；经典作品
`carving`	/ˈkɑːvɪŋ/	n.	雕刻品
`dialect`	/ˈdaɪəlekt/	n.	方言
`means`	/miːnz/	n.	方式；手段	★高考核心
`traditional`	/trəˈdɪʃənl/	adj.	传统的	★高考核心
`native`	/ˈneɪtɪv/	adj./n.	本地的；本国人	★高考核心
`attitude`	/ˈætɪtjuːd/	n.	态度	★高考核心
`reference`	/ˈrefrəns/	n.	参考；查阅	★高考核心
`refer`		v.	提到；参考	★高考核心
`appreciate`	/əˈpriːʃieɪt/	v.	欣赏；感激	★高考核心
`demand`	/dɪˈmɑːnd/	n./v.	需求；要求	★高考核心
`vocabulary`	/vəˈkæbjələri/	n.	词汇；词汇表	★高考核心
`description`	/dɪˈskrɪpʃn/	n.	描述	★高考核心
`bilingual`	/baɪˈlɪŋɡwəl/	adj.	双语的
`specific`	/spəˈsɪfɪk/	adj.	具体的；特定的	★高考核心
`struggle`	/ˈstrʌɡl/	v./n.	挣扎；奋斗	★高考核心
`tongue`	/tʌŋ/	n.	舌头；语言
`point of view`		n.	观点	★高考核心
`symbol`	/ˈsɪmbl/	n.	象征；符号	★高考核心
`system`	/ˈsɪstəm/	n.	系统；体系	★高考核心
`despite`	/dɪˈspaɪt/	prep.	尽管	★高考核心
`regard`		v.	看待；认为	★高考核心
`origin`	/ˈɒrɪdʒɪn/	n.	起源	★高考核心
`classic`		adj.	经典的
`shell`	/ʃel/	n.	贝壳；壳
`bone`		n.	骨头
`appreciate`		v.	欣赏	★高考核心
`demand`		n./v.	要求	★高考核心
`beg`	/beɡ/	v.	乞求；恳求
`gap`	/ɡæp/	n.	差距；缺口	★高考核心
`relate`	/rɪˈleɪt/	v.	联系；有关	★高考核心
`requirement`	/rɪˈkwaɪəmənt/	n.	要求；必要条件
`respect`	/rɪˈspekt/	n./v.	尊敬；尊重	★高考核心

三、必会短语与句子 ¶

Unit 1: Teenage Life ¶

重点短语 ¶

prefer ... to ... — 喜欢……胜过…… ★高考核心
- 例：I prefer reading to watching TV.（我宁愿看书也不看电视。）
clean up — 打扫（清除）干净
- 例：We need to clean up the classroom after school.
suitable for — 适合……的 ★高考核心
- 例：This book is suitable for beginners.
sign up (for) — 报名（参加） ★高考核心
- 例：She signed up for the art club.
be responsible for — 对……负责 ★高考核心
- 例：You should be responsible for your own actions.
be suitable for — 适合
be fluent in — 精通/流利使用 ★高考核心
- 例：He is fluent in three languages.
focus on — 集中注意力于 ★高考核心
- 例：Please focus on what the teacher is saying.
graduate from — 从……毕业 ★高考核心
- 例：She graduated from Peking University.
be attracted to — 被……吸引 ★高考核心
- 例：Many students are attracted to this club.
give up / quit — 放弃
challenge sb to do sth — 向某人挑战做某事
recommend sb to do sth / recommend doing sth — 建议某人做某事 ★高考核心
make a decision — 做决定
deal with — 处理；应对 ★高考核心
in advance — 提前 ★高考核心
be good at — 擅长
take part in — 参加 ★高考核心
on schedule — 按时
a variety of — 各种各样的 ★高考核心

必会句型/重点句子 ¶

★高考核心 — I prefer ... to ... / would rather ... than ...（表示偏好）
- I would rather read a book than play video games.
★高考核心 — It is + adj. + for sb + to do sth（it作形式主语）
- It is important for teenagers to learn time management.
Not only ... but also ...（不仅……而且……）★高考核心
- Not only does he study hard, but he also takes part in extra-curricular activities.
You'd better (not) do sth（你最好/最好不要……）
- You’d better not quit the team halfway.
★高考核心 — recommend that sb (should) do sth（虚拟语气）
- I recommend that you (should) join the debate club.
The reason why ... is that ...（……的原因是……）
- The reason why I chose this club is that it challenges me.
By doing ..., you can ...（通过做……，你可以……）
- By joining clubs, you can make new friends.
What I want to stress is that ...（我想强调的是……）
- What I want to stress is that balance is key.
As a freshman, I find it challenging to ...（作为新生，我发现……有挑战）
- As a freshman, I find it challenging to manage my time.
It takes sb some time to do sth（花费某人多少时间做某事）
- It takes me two hours to finish my homework every day.

Unit 2: Travelling Around ¶

重点短语 ¶

apply for — 申请 ★高考核心
- 例：He applied for a visa to travel abroad.
check in — 登记（入住）★高考核心
- 例：We need to check in two hours before the flight.
check out — 结账离开 ★高考核心
take control of — 掌管；控制
other than — 除了 ★高考核心
- 例：Other than hiking, what else do you want to do?
be known for — 因……而闻名 ★高考核心
- 例：Peru is known for its ancient ruins.
look forward to — 期待（接doing）★高考核心
- 例：I look forward to visiting the Great Wall.
make a reservation — 预订
package tour — 跟团游
travel agency — 旅行社
set off / set out — 出发 ★高考核心
be amazed at / by — 对……感到惊奇
in detail — 详细地 ★高考核心
contact with — 与……联系
stick to — 坚持 ★高考核心
reach out to — 联系；求助
rather than — 而不是 ★高考核心
be based on — 以……为基础 ★高考核心
be different from — 与……不同
take advantage of — 利用 ★高考核心

必会句型/重点句子 ¶

★高考核心 — I'm writing to apply for ...（申请信）
- I’m writing to apply for the position of volunteer guide.
★高考核心 — I would appreciate it if ...（如能……将不胜感激）
- I would appreciate it if you could give me some advice.
I'm planning to ...（我计划……）
- I’m planning to travel to Yunnan this summer.
This is the first time that I have visited ...（这是我第一次……）★高考核心
- This is the first time that I have visited such an amazing place.
It is/was + 被强调部分 + that ...（强调句）★高考核心
- It was in Peru that I learned about ancient civilizations.
There is no doubt that ...（毫无疑问……）★高考核心
- There is no doubt that travel broadens our horizons.
What attracts me most is ...（最吸引我的是……）
- What attracts me most is the unique culture.
Not only ... but also ...（倒装）★高考核心
- Not only can you enjoy the scenery, but you can also learn about local culture.
I'm looking forward to hearing from you.（期待回复）
It is said that ...（据说……）
- It is said that the Great Wall is visible from space.

Unit 3: Sports and Fitness ¶

重点短语 ¶

work out — 锻炼；算出 ★高考核心
- 例：He works out at the gym three times a week.
make it — 成功；赶到 ★高考核心
- 例：With determination, you’ll make it.
lose heart — 灰心丧气 ★高考核心
give up — 放弃 ★高考核心
fall apart — 崩溃；散架
set an example — 树立榜样 ★高考核心
bring glory — 带来荣誉
stand for — 代表；象征 ★高考核心
compete with / against — 与……竞争 ★高考核心
be determined to do sth — 决心做某事 ★高考核心
try out for — 参加选拔
in honor of — 为了纪念 ★高考核心
make sense — 有意义；讲得通 ★高考核心
take part in — 参加
keep fit — 保持健康
be positive about — 对……持积极态度
rather than — 而不是
now and then — 偶尔
compare ... with / to — 把……与……比较 ★高考核心
be proud of — 为……自豪 ★高考核心

必会句型/重点句子 ¶

★高考核心 — It is + 被强调部分 + that ...（强调结构在体育话题中常用）
- It is perseverance that leads to success in sports.
Not only ... but also ...（主谓一致就近原则）★高考核心
- Not only the athletes but also the coach takes part in the training.
★高考核心 — The reason why ... is that ...
- The reason why he succeeded is that he never gave up.
No matter what ...（无论……）★高考核心
- No matter what difficulties you face, never give up.
Only by ... can sb ...（只有通过……才能……，倒装）★高考核心
- Only by working hard can you achieve your goals.
What impressed me most was ...（给我印象最深的是……）
- What impressed me most was his determination.
so ... that ...（如此……以至于……）★高考核心
- He was so badly injured that he had to quit the game.
Whether ... or ...（无论是……还是……）
- Whether you win or lose, the spirit of sports matters most.
There is no denying that ...（不可否认……）
It is essential that sb (should) do sth（虚拟）
- It is essential that every athlete (should) follow the rules.

Unit 4: Natural Disasters ¶

重点短语 ¶

be known as — 作为……而闻名 ★高考核心
in ruins — 严重受损；破败不堪 ★高考核心
- 例：The city was left in ruins after the earthquake.
suffer from — 遭受 ★高考核心
come to an end — 结束
be trapped in — 被困在 ★高考核心
- 例：Many people were trapped in the collapsed buildings.
be buried in — 被埋在 ★高考核心
in shock — 震惊；吃惊 ★高考核心
be affected by — 受……影响 ★高考核心
as if / as though — 仿佛；好像 ★高考核心
come to one's rescue — 前来救援
a number of — 许多 ★高考核心
the number of — ……的数量 ★高考核心
cause damage to — 对……造成损害
be prepared for — 为……做准备
stay calm — 保持冷静 ★高考核心
in danger — 处于危险中 ★高考核心
out of danger — 脱离危险
be short of — 缺乏
cut off — 切断 ★高考核心
rise to one's feet — 站起身

必会句型/重点句子 ¶

★高考核心 — It seemed as if ...（似乎……；as if引导表语从句）
- It seemed as if the world were coming to an end.
★高考核心 — The number of ... + 谓语单数 / A number of ... + 谓语复数
- The number of victims was increasing. A number of volunteers came to help.
By the time + 过去时, + 过去完成时（到……时为止）★高考核心
- By the time the rescue team arrived, many buildings had collapsed.
Hardly ... when ... / No sooner ... than ...（一……就……，倒装）★高考核心
- Hardly had the earthquake stopped when aftershocks began.
There were ... doing sth（有……正在做……）
- There were people running in all directions.
What happened was that ...（发生的情况是……）
- What happened was that the dam broke and flooded the valley.
It is reported that ...（据报道……）★高考核心
- It is reported that the earthquake measured 7.8 on the Richter scale.
In the face of ..., we should ...（面对……，我们应当……）
- In the face of natural disasters, we should stay calm.
Only when ... can sb ...（只有当……才能……，倒装）★高考核心
- Only when we work together can we overcome the difficulty.
..., which ...（非限制性定语从句）★高考核心
- The earthquake caused great damage, which shocked the whole nation.

Unit 5: Languages Around the World ¶

重点短语 ¶

be related to — 与……有关 ★高考核心
a variety of / varieties of — 各种各样 ★高考核心
play a role in — 在……中起作用 ★高考核心
point of view — 观点 ★高考核心
regard ... as ... — 把……看作 ★高考核心
be native to — 原产于；本地
date back to — 追溯到 ★高考核心
- 例：The tradition dates back to the Ming Dynasty.
be based on — 以……为基础 ★高考核心
no matter how / what / where — 无论怎样/什么/哪里 ★高考核心
despite — 尽管 ★高考核心
refer to — 提到；参考 ★高考核心
be in demand — 有需求
appreciate doing sth — 欣赏做某事 ★高考核心
be connected with — 与……有联系
have difficulty (in) doing sth — 做某事有困难 ★高考核心
be similar to — 与……相似 ★高考核心
be different from — 与……不同
take ... seriously — 认真对待 ★高考核心
in common (with) — 与……有共同点
as a means of — 作为……的手段

必会句型/重点句子 ¶

★高考核心 — No matter how + adj./adv. + 主谓, ...（让步状语从句）
- No matter how difficult it is, I will learn English well.
★高考核心 — It is ... that ...（强调句型）
- It is hard work that leads to success in language learning.
The more ..., the more ...（越……越……）★高考核心
- The more you practice, the more fluent you will become.
What is known to all is that ...（众所周知……）
- What is known to all is that English is widely used.
There was a time when ...（曾经有一个时期……）★高考核心
- There was a time when I struggled with English grammar.
It was not until ... that ...（直到……才……）★高考核心
- It was not until I traveled abroad that I realized the importance of English.
..., which makes it possible for sb to do sth（非限制性定语从句）
- English is a global language, which makes it possible for people to communicate.
Not only ... but also ...（倒装）★高考核心
- Not only is English used in business, but it is also the language of science.
There is no denying that ...（不可否认……）
It is high time that sb did sth / should do sth（虚拟）
- It is high time that we took English learning seriously.

四、语法知识详解 ¶

Unit 1: 短语类型（名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语）★高考核心 ¶

1. 名词短语（Noun Phrase, NP）¶

名词短语是以名词为中心词的短语，可由限定词、形容词、介词短语等修饰。

结构：限定词 + 形容词 + 名词（中心词）+ 介词短语

举例：
- a beautiful campus（一个美丽的校园）— 冠词+形容词+名词
- the freshmen in our school（我们学校的新生）— 限定词+名词+介词短语
- some extra-curricular activities（一些课外活动）— 限定词+形容词+名词

功能：名词短语可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等。
- 作主语：The teenage years are full of challenges.
- 作宾语：She joined a volunteer club.

2. 形容词短语（Adjective Phrase, AdjP）¶

形容词短语以形容词为中心，可被副词修饰。

结构：（副词）+ 形容词

举例：
- very suitable（非常适合的）
- extremely challenging（极具挑战的）
- responsible enough（足够负责的）

功能：作定语、表语、补语。
- 作表语：The course is too difficult.
- 作定语：He is a very determined athlete.

3. 副词短语（Adverb Phrase, AdvP）¶

副词短语以副词为中心，可被程度副词修饰。

结构：（程度副词）+ 副词

举例：
- very fluently（非常流利地）
- quite obviously（相当明显地）
- too quickly（太快地）

功能：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。
- 修饰动词：He speaks English very fluently.

★高考核心提示：在语法填空中，常考查修饰关系——修饰名词用形容词/形容词短语，修饰动词用副词/副词短语，修饰形容词用副词。

Unit 2: 一般将来时与将来进行时 ★高考核心 ¶

1. 一般将来时（Simple Future）¶

形式：will / shall + 动词原形 或 be going to + 动词原形

用法对比：

结构	用法	例句
`will do`	表即时决定、预言、客观将来	I think it will rain tomorrow.
`be going to do`	表已计划好的意图、有迹象的预测	She is going to travel to Peru next week.
`be doing`（现在进行时表将来）	表按计划即将发生的动作（go/come/leave/arrive等位移动词）	We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
`be to do`	表安排、命令、注定	The President is to visit China next month.
`be about to do`	表即将发生（不接具体时间状语）	The flight is about to take off.

2. 将来进行时（Future Continuous）¶

形式：will be doing

用法：表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，或按计划将来必定要发生的动作。

例句：
- This time tomorrow, I will be flying to Paris.（明天此时我将在飞往巴黎的途中。）
- We will be having a meeting at 3 p.m. tomorrow.（明天下午3点我们将在开会。）

★高考核心提示：将来进行时是高考高频考点之一，需注意与一般将来时的区别。将来进行时强调动作在将来某时刻正在进行，而一般将来时只表明将来发生。

对比练习：
- I will call you.（我将打电话给你——只表明将来）
- I will be calling you at 8 p.m.（我将在晚上8点给你打电话——表明那时正在打电话）

Unit 3: 附加疑问句（反意疑问句）★高考核心 ¶

附加疑问句由”陈述句 + 简短疑问”构成，遵循”前肯后否，前否后肯”原则。

基本规则 ¶

肯定陈述 + 否定疑问
- You like sports, don’t you?
否定陈述 + 肯定疑问
- She doesn’t play tennis, does she?

特殊难点 ★高考核心 ¶

句型	附加疑问部分	例句
含 `never/hardly/seldom/little/few` 等半否定词	用肯定	He seldom exercises, does he?
含 `nothing/nobody` 等不定代词主语	用it/they	Nobody came, did they?
`Let's ...`	用shall we	Let’s go to the gym, shall we?
`Let us ...`（不含me）	用will you	Let us help you, will you?
祈使句	用will you / won’t you	Open the door, will you?
`I think/believe + 宾语从句`	疑问部分跟从句主语	I think he is right, isn’t he?
含 `Everything/Nothing` 主语	用it	Everything is ready, isn’t it?
`There be` 句型	用there	There is a problem, isn’t there?

★高考核心提示：注意否定转移。I don't think he will come, will he?（疑问部分与从句一致，用肯定）

Unit 4: 被动语态（进行时态）★高考核心 ¶

2. 本单元重点：现在进行时与过去进行时的被动语态 ¶

现在进行时的被动：is/am/are + being done

例句：
- A new gym is being built in our school.（我校正在建造一座新体育馆。）
- The athletes are being trained by the best coaches.（运动员们正接受最好的教练训练。）

过去进行时的被动：was/were + being done

例句：
- When I arrived, the stadium was being repaired.（我到达时，体育场正在维修。）
- The flood victims were being rescued when help arrived.

3. 主动变被动步骤 ¶

宾语变主语
谓语变 be + done（时态不变）
主语变 by + 宾格

例：The coach is training the team → The team is being trained by the coach.

4. 不用被动语态的情况 ★高考核心 ¶

不及物动词：happen, occur, take place, break out 等
错：The earthquake was happened. → 对：The earthquake happened.
系动词：look, sound, feel, taste, smell
表示状态的及物动词：have, own, belong to, fit, suit

★高考核心提示：语法填空常考查被动语态，需判断主被动关系和时态。现在完成时被动（have/has been done）也是高考高频。

补充：常用时态被动形式一览 ★高考核心

时态	主动	被动
一般现在时	do/does	is/am/are done
一般过去时	did	was/were done
一般将来时	will do	will be done
现在进行时	is doing	is being done
过去进行时	was doing	was being done
现在完成时	has done	has been done
过去完成时	had done	had been done

Unit 5: 定语从句（限制性）★高考核心 ¶

定语从句是高考语法核心中的核心。本单元学习限制性定语从句，由关系词引导，修饰先行词（名词/代词）。

1. 关系词的功能与选择 ¶

关系词在从句中要充当成分（主语、宾语、定语），同时起连接作用。

关系代词选择表：

先行词	作主语	作宾语（可省）	作定语
人	`who / that`	`whom / who / that`	`whose`（=of whom）
物	`which / that`	`which / that`	`whose`（=of which）

2. 关系代词用法详解 ¶

(1) that — 代替人或物，最常用

例句：
- The book that is on the desk is mine.（指物，作主语）
- The girl that you met yesterday is my classmate.（指人，作宾语，可省）

(2) which — 只指物

例句：
- The bridge which was built in 1990 needs repair.

(3) who — 只指人，作主语

例句：
- The athlete who won the gold medal is from China.

(4) whom — 只指人，作宾语

例句：
- The professor whom we interviewed is famous.

(5) whose — 表示”……的”，既指人也指物 ★高考核心

例句：
- The student whose father is a doctor studies very hard.
- The house whose roof is red belongs to my uncle.

3. 只能用 `that` 的情况 ★高考核心（高考必考）¶

先行词被最高级修饰
- This is the best film that I have ever seen.
先行词被 the only / the very / the same 修饰
- He is the only person that can solve the problem.
先行词是不定代词 all, everything, anything, nothing, none, little, few, much
- I have told you everything that I know.
先行词既包括人也包括物
- The writer and his novels that you mentioned are famous.
先行词被 all, every, no, any 等修饰
- Every student that takes the exam will get a certificate.
主句是 There be 句型或以 which/who 开头的疑问句
- Who is the man that is standing there?

4. 只能用 `which` 的情况 ¶

引导非限制性定语从句（后详述）
- He passed the exam, which made his parents happy.（which指代整个主句）
直接位于介词后
- This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.（= where）

5. 非限制性定语从句初步★高考核心 ¶

非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开，起补充说明作用，关系代词不可用 that。

例句：
- My mother, who is a teacher, loves reading.（who不可换that）
- He failed the exam, which disappointed his parents.（which指代整个主句）

★高考核心提示：定语从句是高考语法填空、短文改错和书面表达的重中之重。务必掌握：①关系词选择 ②that与which的区别 ③whose的用法 ④介词+关系代词结构。

五、必会文章（课文重点）¶

Unit 1: The Freshman Challenge（新生的挑战）¶

课文讲述一位名叫Adam的高一新生面临社团选择、学业挑战的经历，体现青少年如何迎接高中生活的挑战。

重点段落：

“I know that Chinese is a very difficult language, but I hope to be fluent when I graduate. My adviser recommended that I sign up for advanced literature because I like English and I’m good at it.”

语言点解析：
1. I know that ... — that引导宾语从句，可省略。
2. hope to be fluent — hope to do 希望做某事；fluent 形容词作表语。
3. graduate — 此处为动词”毕业”，graduate from 从……毕业。
4. ★高考核心 — recommend that sb (should) do sth — recommend后宾语从句用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形，should可省）。此句型高考高频。
5. sign up for — 报名参加。
6. be good at — 擅长。

长难句分析：

“I’ll find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year.”

主句：I'll find a way to improve on my own
to improve — 动词不定式作定语，修饰 way
so that I can make the team next year — so that 引导目的状语从句，”以便”
make the team — 固定搭配，”入选球队”

Unit 2: Explore Peru（探索秘鲁）¶

课文以旅游手册体裁介绍秘鲁的地理、历史和文化景点，是一篇typical travel brochure文本。

重点段落：

“Peru is a country on the Pacific coast of South America with three main areas: narrow, dry, flat running along the coast, the Andes Mountains in the centre, and the Amazon rainforest in the north.”

语言点解析：
1. on the Pacific coast of South America — 介词短语作定语，修饰 country。
2. with three main areas — with 复合结构（with + 宾语 + 宾补），作伴随定语。
3. narrow, dry, flat — 三个并列形容词，形成形容词短语（呼应Unit 1语法）。
4. running along the coast — 现在分词短语作后置定语。
5. ★高考核心 — 长难句中并列结构的识别是高考阅读理解关键技能。

长难句分析：

“You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest.”

spend time doing — 花费时间做……
exploring ... and enjoying ... — 两个并列现在分词，作 spend 的宾语补足语
unique to the rainforest — 形容词短语作后置定语，修饰 plants and animals

Unit 3: Living Legends（体育传奇）¶

课文介绍了”铁榔头”郎平和”飞人”迈克尔·乔丹两位体育传奇人物，展现冠军精神。

重点段落（郎平）：

“As a player, Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country. As a coach, she led the China women’s volleyball team to medals at world championships and the Olympics.”

语言点解析：
1. As a player / As a coach — as 介词，”作为”。
2. bring honour and glory to — 给……带来荣誉和光荣。
3. lead sb to medals — lead sb to sth 带领某人获得某物。
4. at world championships — 在世界锦标赛上。

重点段落（乔丹）**：

“Jordan’s skills were impressive, but the mental strength that he showed made him unique.”

语言点解析：
1. ★高考核心 — the mental strength that he showed — that引导定语从句，修饰 mental strength，that在从句中作 showed 的宾语。
2. make him unique — make + 宾语 + 形容词宾补，”使他独特”。
3. impressive — 令人印象深刻的（来自impress）。

长难句分析：

“The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996.”

which he started in Chicago — which引导定语从句，修饰 Club，which作 started 的宾语
has been helping — 现在完成进行时，表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作
since 1996 — 与现在完成进行时搭配的标志时间状语

Unit 4: The Night the Earth Didn’t Sleep（地球不眠之夜）¶

课文以时间为线索，叙述1976年唐山大地震前兆、发生过程及灾后救援，是一篇记叙文范本。

重点段落：

“It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.”

语言点解析：
1. ★高考核心 — It seemed as if ... — as if 引导表语从句，”似乎”，从句用虚拟语气（were无论主语单复数）。
2. come to an end — 结束。
3. in fifteen terrible seconds — in + 时间段，表”在……时间内”。
4. lie in ruins — in ruins 介词短语作状语，”成为废墟”。

重点段落2：

“Two-thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.”

语言点解析：
1. ★高考核心 — who lived there — who引导限制性定语从句，修饰 people，who作主语不可省。
2. two-thirds of — 分数表达，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。two-thirds of + 名词 作主语时，谓语与名词一致。
3. dead or injured — 并列形容词作表语。

长难句分析：

“The army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.”

主句：The army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan
to dig out ... and to bury ... — 两个并列不定式短语，作目的状语
who were trapped — who引导定语从句，修饰 those
the dead — the + 形容词 表示一类人，”死者”

Unit 5: The Chinese Writing System（汉字书写体系）¶

课文介绍汉字从甲骨文到现代汉字的演变历史及其文化纽带作用，是一篇说明文范本。

重点段落：

“At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu — animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.”

语言点解析：
1. picture-based — 复合形容词，”以图画为基础的”。
2. ★高考核心 — date back to — 追溯到（无被动，不用进行时）。
3. ★高考核心 — on which symbols were carved — 介词 + 关系代词 引导定语从句，which 指代 bones and shells。这就是”介词+which”结构，高考高频考点。
4. be carved by — 被动语态，”被……雕刻”。

重点段落2：

“That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.”

语言点解析：
1. be of great importance — be + of + 抽象名词 = be + 形容词，”很重要的”。
2. in uniting — in + doing，”在……方面”。

长难句分析：

“Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.”

★高考核心 — no matter where ... or what ... — 让步状语从句，no matter + wh-词 = wh-ever，”无论……”。
communicate in writing — in writing 介词短语，”以书面形式”。
此句体现汉字作为文化纽带的核心主题。

六、阅读材料（拓展阅读）¶

Passage 1: A Freshman’s First Month（青少年生活）¶

阅读下面短文，完成后面题目。

Starting high school is both exciting and challenging. When I walked through the gate on the first day, I felt a mixture of joy and anxiety. Everything was new — new teachers, new classmates, and a much heavier workload.

The biggest challenge for me was time management. In middle school, my schedule was simple. Now, I have to balance academic studies, extra-curricular activities, and family time. At first, I was overwhelmed. I stayed up late doing homework and felt exhausted the next day. My English teacher noticed this and gave me a piece of advice: “Use a planner. Write down every task and its deadline.” I followed her advice and it worked wonders. By organizing my tasks, I finished my work more efficiently and even found time to join the school debate club.

Another challenge was making friends. In a new environment, everyone seemed to have their own group already. I decided to step out of my comfort zone and join a volunteer club. There, I met students who shared my interests. We worked together on community projects and became close friends. I learned that friendship often begins with a shared experience and a willing heart.

High school is a new chapter of life. Though challenging, it is also a journey of growth. With the right attitude and good strategies, every freshman can find their place.

Questions:

What was the writer’s biggest challenge in high school?
A. Making friends
B. Time management
C. Heavy homework
D. New teachers
How did the writer solve the time problem?
A. By staying up later
B. By quitting the debate club
C. By using a planner
D. By asking parents for help
The writer joined the volunteer club to ______.
A. get better grades
B. help the community
C. make new friends
D. follow the teacher’s advice
What can we learn from the passage?
A. High school is only about studying.
B. Friendship comes naturally without effort.
C. Good strategies help freshmen adapt to high school.
D. Extra-curricular activities waste time.

参考答案：1. B 2. C 3. C 4. C

Passage 2: A Journey to Remember（旅行生活）¶

Last summer, my family took a trip to Yunnan, a province in southwest China known for its diverse cultures and breathtaking scenery. It was a journey I will never forget.

Our first stop was Lijiang, an ancient town with a history of over 800 years. Walking along the narrow stone streets, I felt as if I had traveled back in time. The houses, with their unique wooden frames and upturned roofs, told stories of the Naxi people who have lived there for centuries. My father, who is a history lover, was fascinated by the ancient Dongba culture and its pictographic writing system.

From Lijiang, we traveled to Shangri-La, where the altitude reached over 3,000 meters. The air was thin and cool, but the view was spectacular. Snow-capped mountains stretched as far as the eye could see. We hiked along a path that wound through green meadows and crystal-clear lakes. My mother, who is usually afraid of heights, surprised us all by climbing to the top of a small hill to take photos.

The most memorable part of the trip was meeting the local people. They were warm and hospitable, always ready to share their food and stories. A Tibetan grandmother invited us into her home and served us butter tea and yak meat. Though we could not speak the same language, her smile spoke louder than words.

Travel, I realized, is not just about seeing new places. It is about opening your mind and heart to different ways of life.

Questions:

What is Lijiang famous for?
A. Modern buildings
B. Ancient history and Naxi culture
C. Snow-capped mountains
D. Butter tea
The writer’s mother was usually afraid of ______.
A. heights
B. animals
C. strangers
D. cold weather
What did the writer learn from the trip?
A. Travel is only about sightseeing.
B. It’s hard to communicate with locals.
C. Travel opens one’s mind to different cultures.
D. High altitudes are dangerous.
The underlined word “spectacular” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. ordinary
B. disappointing
C. magnificent
D. frightening

参考答案：1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C

Passage 3: The Spirit of Sports（体育运动）¶

Sports are more than just games; they are a way to build character and learn life lessons. I learned this truth during my first year on the school basketball team.

When I tried out for the team, I was confident. I had been the star player in middle school, and I expected the same in high school. However, reality hit me hard. Most of my teammates were taller, faster, and more skilled. In the first month, I sat on the bench during every game. I felt frustrated and wanted to quit.

My coach, Mr. Wang, noticed my disappointment. He pulled me aside one day and said, “Talent gets you on the team, but hard work keeps you there. Right now, you have two choices: give up or work harder.” His words struck me deeply. I chose the latter.

From that day on, I arrived at the gym an hour early every morning. I practiced shooting, dribbling, and passing until my arms ached. I studied videos of professional players and learned from their techniques. Gradually, my skills improved. Three months later, the coach put me in a real game. I scored twelve points and helped the team win.

But the greatest lesson was not about winning. It was about teamwork. I learned that a team is like a machine — every part matters. Even when I was on the bench, I could cheer for my teammates and analyze the opponents. Everyone has a role to play, and success comes when all parts work together.

Sports taught me resilience, discipline, and the value of hard work. These lessons, I believe, will stay with me long after my playing days are over.

Questions:

Why did the writer want to quit the team at first?
A. Because the coach was too strict.
B. Because he/she was not as good as expected.
C. Because the teammates were unfriendly.
D. Because basketball was too difficult.
What did the coach mean by “hard work keeps you there”?
A. Talent is not important at all.
B. Only hard work can help you stay on the team.
C. You should quit if you’re not talented.
D. The bench is the best place to be.
What is the main lesson the writer learned?
A. Winning is everything.
B. Talent is more important than effort.
C. Teamwork and hard work lead to success.
D. Sitting on the bench is shameful.
What does the underlined word “resilience” probably mean?
A. The ability to recover from difficulties
B. Physical strength
C. Anger
D. Sadness

参考答案：1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A

Passage 4: When the Earth Shook（自然灾害）¶

I will never forget the morning of May 12, 2008. I was sitting in my classroom in a small town in Sichuan when the earth began to shake violently. At first, I thought it was just a truck passing by. But the shaking grew stronger and stronger. Books fell off the shelves, windows cracked, and the ceiling began to crumble.

“Earthquake! Everyone, get under your desks!” our teacher shouted. We obeyed immediately. The noise was deafening — a mixture of crashing walls, screaming students, and the deep rumble of the earth. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end. The shaking lasted about two minutes, but it felt like an eternity.

When it finally stopped, we crawled out from under our desks. The classroom was a mess. Dust filled the air, making it hard to breathe. Our teacher led us out of the building carefully, and we gathered in the school playground. Looking around, I saw that many buildings had cracks. Some had collapsed entirely.

The news came that the earthquake measured 8.0 on the Richter scale. Thousands of people were killed or injured. Roads were destroyed, and communication was cut off. For days, we had no electricity and limited food and water. But help came quickly. Rescue teams from all over the country arrived within hours. Soldiers dug through the rubble to find survivors. Volunteers set up tents and distributed supplies.

What moved me most was the spirit of unity. People helped each other without hesitation. Strangers shared food and water. Donations poured in from every corner of the country. In the face of disaster, we stood together as one.

That earthquake changed me. It taught me that life is fragile and precious, and that human solidarity is the most powerful force in the world.

Questions:

Where was the writer when the earthquake happened?
A. At home
B. In a shop
C. In the classroom
D. On the street
What did the teacher tell students to do?
A. Run out of the building
B. Get under the desks
C. Call their parents
D. Jump out the window
What moved the writer most after the earthquake?
A. The quick arrival of rescue teams
B. The donations from the country
C. The spirit of unity among people
D. The strength of the buildings
What lesson did the writer learn?
A. Earthquakes can be prevented.
B. Life is fragile and unity is powerful.
C. Natural disasters only happen in Sichuan.
D. Schools should not have earthquake drills.

参考答案：1. C 2. B 3. C 4. B

Passage 5: The Bridge of Language（语言学习）¶

Language is more than a tool for communication; it is a bridge that connects people and cultures. I did not fully understand this until I started learning English seriously in high school.

In middle school, English was just another subject to pass. I memorized vocabulary lists and grammar rules, but I could barely hold a conversation. Everything changed when I met Mr. Li, our new English teacher. Instead of asking us to recite texts, he encouraged us to think and express ourselves. “Language is alive,” he said. “Use it, don’t just memorize it.”

Inspired by his words, I began to change my approach. I started watching English movies with subtitles, listening to English podcasts, and reading short English stories. At first, I understood very little. But I didn’t give up. Every day, I set aside thirty minutes for English input. Gradually, my listening improved, and I could catch more and more words.

The turning point came during a school trip. Our school hosted a group of exchange students from Australia. I volunteered to be a guide. Nervously, I introduced our school in English. To my surprise, the Australian students understood me and responded warmly. We talked about our hobbies, our schools, and our dreams. That day, I experienced the true power of language — it broke down walls and built friendships.

Now, I see English not as a burden but as a window to the world. Through it, I have access to knowledge, cultures, and people I would never have known otherwise. Learning a language is a lifelong journey, but every step forward is worth the effort. As the proverb goes, “To have another language is to possess a second soul.”

Questions:

How did the writer feel about English in middle school?
A. He/She loved it.
B. He/She saw it as just a subject to pass.
C. He/She was fluent in it.
D. He/She hated it.
What did Mr. Li encourage students to do?
A. Memorize more vocabulary
B. Recite texts perfectly
C. Think and express themselves
D. Only study grammar
What was the turning point in the writer’s English learning?
A. Memorizing vocabulary lists
B. Watching English movies
C. Communicating with exchange students
D. Getting a high score on a test
What does the proverb at the end suggest?
A. A second language gives you a new perspective on the world.
B. Everyone should learn many languages.
C. Language learning is a waste of time.
D. Only smart people can learn languages.

参考答案：1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A

七、优秀范文与必会练习 ¶

（一）优秀范文 ¶

范文1：给朋友的建议信——如何适应高中生活（青少年生活·书信）¶

Dear Li Hua,

I’m sorry to hear that you’re having trouble adapting to high school life. As a senior who has been through the same experience, I’d like to share some advice with you.

First of all, time management is the key. I recommend that you use a planner to keep track of your tasks and deadlines. By organizing your schedule well, you can balance your studies and rest. Secondly, don’t be afraid to join extra-curricular activities. Not only can they help you relax, but they also provide opportunities to make new friends. Lastly, if you have difficulty in any subject, don’t hesitate to ask your teachers or classmates for help. They are always willing to support you.

High school is challenging but rewarding. Remember, every difficulty is a chance to grow. I believe you will soon find your place and enjoy your new life.

Yours,
Wang Ming

高分句型标注：
- I recommend that you (should) use ...（★高考核心，recommend虚拟语气）
- Not only can they help ..., but they also ...（★高考核心，not only倒装）
- By organizing ..., you can ...（介词by+doing表方式）
- every difficulty is a chance to grow（亮点表达，比喻）

范文2：我的暑假旅行计划（旅行·电子邮件）¶

Dear Tom,

How is everything going? I’m writing to share my travel plan for the coming summer holiday with you.

This summer, I’m going to travel to Xi’an with my family. As you may know, Xi’an is an ancient city that is famous for its rich history and culture. We plan to visit the Terracotta Warriors, which is considered one of the greatest archaeological discoveries in the world. Besides, we will also explore the ancient city wall and taste the local food. I’m particularly looking forward to trying the famous local snacks.

We will stay there for five days. I’m sure it will be an amazing experience. I would appreciate it if you could give me some suggestions about travelling in Xi’an, since you have been there before.

Looking forward to hearing from you.

Yours,
Li Hua

高分句型标注：
- Xi'an is an ancient city that is famous for ...（that引导定语从句 ★高考核心）
- which is considered ...（which引导非限制性定语从句 ★高考核心）
- I would appreciate it if you could ...（★高考核心，经典请求句型）
- Looking forward to hearing from you（look forward to + doing ★高考核心）

范文3：运动与健康主题演讲稿（运动与健康·演讲稿）¶

Good morning, everyone,

Today I’d like to talk about the importance of sports and fitness in our daily life.

As high school students, we spend most of our time sitting in classrooms and studying. However, a healthy body is the foundation of everything. Regular exercise not only keeps us physically fit but also helps reduce stress and improve our mood. As the saying goes, “A sound mind lives in a sound body.”

In my opinion, we should exercise at least three times a week. It doesn’t have to be intense — jogging, swimming, or playing basketball with friends are all great choices. What matters most is to keep doing it regularly. Moreover, a balanced diet is equally important. We should eat more vegetables and fruits rather than junk food.

Let’s take action today. Only when we are healthy can we achieve our goals and enjoy life to the fullest. Thank you!

高分句型标注：
- not only keeps ... but also helps ...（not only…but also并列 ★高考核心）
- Only when we are healthy can we achieve ...（only + 状语前置倒装 ★高考核心）
- What matters most is to keep doing it regularly（what引导主语从句）
- A sound mind lives in a sound body（谚语引用，增色）

范文4：一次自然灾害经历（自然灾害·记叙文）¶

I will never forget the flood that struck our city last summer.

It had been raining heavily for three days. On the fourth morning, I woke up to find that the streets had turned into rivers. Water poured into houses on the ground floor, and many cars were submerged. It seemed as if the whole city were underwater.

Our community reacted quickly. Volunteers helped elderly people move to higher floors. Soldiers arrived with boats to rescue those who were trapped. My family and I stayed on the second floor, listening to the radio for updates. Though we were frightened, the unity of the community gave us strength.

After three days, the water finally receded. The streets were covered in mud, and many houses were damaged. But people didn’t lose heart. Everyone joined in the cleaning and rebuilding. Donations and supplies came from all over the country.

This experience taught me that natural disasters are beyond our control, but human solidarity can overcome any difficulty. In the face of disaster, we are never alone.

高分句型标注：
- the flood that struck our city（that引导定语从句 ★高考核心）
- It seemed as if the whole city were underwater（as if虚拟 ★高考核心）
- those who were trapped（who引导定语从句 ★高考核心）
- human solidarity can overcome any difficulty（亮点表达）

范文5：我的英语学习经历（语言学习·记叙文）¶

Learning English has been a challenging but rewarding journey for me.

When I first entered high school, I struggled with English. My vocabulary was limited, and I could hardly understand spoken English. I felt frustrated and even wanted to give up. My teacher told me, “The more you practice, the more progress you will make.” Her words encouraged me to keep going.

I started a new routine. Every morning, I read English aloud for twenty minutes. I kept a vocabulary notebook and reviewed new words regularly. I also watched English videos and tried to imitate the pronunciation. Gradually, my listening and speaking improved. The turning point came when I participated in an English speech contest. Though nervous, I delivered my speech confidently and won second prize.

Now, I see English not as a burden but as a key to the world. Through English, I have read fascinating books, made foreign friends, and broadened my horizons. I have come to realize that learning a language is a lifelong journey, and every effort counts. As long as I keep going, I will reach my goal.

高分句型标注：
- The more you practice, the more progress you will make（the more…the more比较句型 ★高考核心）
- I see English not as a burden but as a key to the world（not…but…结构）
- hardly understand（半否定词，呼应附加疑问句考点）
- As long as I keep going, I will reach my goal（as long as条件状语从句）

范文6：建议信——如何学好高中英语（语言学习·书信）¶

Dear Wang Lei,

I’m glad to know that you want to improve your English. Here are some suggestions that I hope will help you.

First, build a solid vocabulary foundation. It is essential that you learn a certain number of new words every day and review them regularly. Flashcards and vocabulary apps can be very useful. Second, practice listening and speaking as much as possible. You can watch English movies, listen to English songs, or even talk to yourself in English. The more exposure you get, the more natural your English will become.

Third, reading is of great importance. Start with simplified English stories and gradually move to more challenging materials. While reading, pay attention to useful expressions and sentence patterns. Last but not least, don’t be afraid of making mistakes. Every mistake is a stepping stone to success.

Remember, Rome wasn’t built in a day. As long as you keep practicing, your English will definitely improve. I believe in you!

Yours,
Li Hua

高分句型标注：
- It is essential that you learn ...（★★高考核心，essential后表语从句虚拟语气）
- suggestions that I hope will help you（that引导定语从句 ★高考核心）
- The more exposure you get, the more natural ...（the more…the more结构 ★高考核心）
- reading is of great importance（be of + 抽象名词 = be + 形容词 ★高考核心）
- Rome wasn't built in a day（谚语引用，升华主题）

（二）必会练习 ¶

Unit 1 练习 ¶

一、单项选择

I prefer reading books ______ watching TV in my free time.
A. than B. to C. rather than D. more than
The teacher recommended that every student ______ a reading plan.
A. makes B. made C. make D. would make
Not only ______ the debate club, but he also became its president.
A. did he join B. he joined C. he joins D. does he join
It is important for teenagers ______ good time management skills.
A. develop B. to develop C. developing D. developed
______ is known to all, a balanced lifestyle benefits our studies.
A. That B. Which C. As D. What

二、语法填空

As a freshman, Adam faced many 1.__(challenge). One of them was choosing the right club. His adviser recommended that he 2._(sign) up for advanced literature. 3.(actual), he found the course 4.(interest) and rewarding. He also learned to be 5.___(responsibility) for his own studies.

三、用所给词的正确形式填空

She speaks English very ______ (fluent).
The ______ (attract) of the club lies in its diverse activities.
It is ______ (suit) for beginners to start with simple tasks.
He ______ (graduation) from a famous university last year.

四、句子翻译

我建议你报名参加辩论俱乐部。（recommend that…）
学会管理时间对青少年来说很重要。（It is important for sb to do sth）

Unit 1 参考答案与解析：
一、1. B（prefer…to…固定搭配）2. C（recommend后虚拟语气，should+原形）3. A（not only前置倒装，用过去时did he join）4. B（it作形式主语，用to develop）5. C（As is known to all 固定结构，as引导非限制性定语从句）
二、1. challenges（可数名词复数）2. sign（虚拟，should省略）3. Actually（副词修饰全句）4. interesting（形容词作宾补）5. responsible（be responsible for）
三、1. fluently（副词修饰动词）2. attraction（名词作主语）3. suitable（形容词作表语）4. graduated（过去时）
四、1. I recommend that you (should) sign up for the debate club. 2. It is important for teenagers to learn to manage time.

Unit 2 练习 ¶

一、单项选择

This is the first time that I ______ such a beautiful place.
A. visit B. visited C. have visited D. had visited
I would appreciate it if you ______ me some advice on the trip.
A. give B. gave C. will give D. would give
No doubt ______ travel broadens our horizons.
A. that B. whether C. if D. which
______ can you enjoy the scenery, but you can also learn about local culture.
A. Not only B. Only C. Not D. Both
It was in Peru ______ I learned about ancient civilizations.
A. that B. which C. where D. when

二、语法填空

Peru is a country 1.__ is located on the Pacific coast of South America. It has three main areas, 2._(include) narrow flat land along the coast. Tourists can explore the Amazon rainforest, 3. is home to many unique plants and animals. I look forward to 4.(visit) this amazing destination one day. It is said 5.___ the ancient Inca civilization once flourished here.

三、用所给词的正确形式填空

The hotel offers a ______ (comfort) stay for tourists.
He is planning to ______ (flight) to Shanghai next week.
The ______ (scenery) of the mountains is breathtaking.
We made a ______ (reserve) at the restaurant.

四、句子翻译

我期待着收到你的回复。（look forward to）
据说长城是世界奇迹之一。（It is said that）

Unit 2 参考答案与解析：
一、1. C（This is the first time that…用现在完成时）2. D（would appreciate it if…固定委婉句型，用would give）3. A（There is no doubt that…固定句型）4. A（Not only…but also倒装）5. A（强调句It is/was…that…）
二、1. which/that（定语从句指物）2. including（介词，”包括”）3. which（非限制性定语从句）4. visiting（look forward to + doing）5. that（It is said that固定句型）
三、1. comfortable（形容词修饰名词）2. fly（动词，plan to do）3. scenery（不可数名词）4. reservation（名词）
四、1. I look forward to hearing from you. 2. It is said that the Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world.

Unit 3 练习 ¶

一、单项选择

His determination ______ him succeed in the end.
A. has B. lets C. makes D. caused
Not only the athletes but also the coach ______ taking part in the training.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
He seldom exercises, ______?
A. does he B. doesn’t he C. is he D. isn’t he
Only by working hard ______ your goals.
A. you can achieve B. can you achieve C. you achieve D. achieve you
Let’s go for a run after school, ______?
A. shall we B. will you C. don’t we D. do we

二、语法填空

Lang Ping is a legendary figure 1.__ brought honour and glory to China. As a player, she led the national team 2._ many victories. As a coach, she showed remarkable 3.(determine) when the team was 4. difficulty. Under her 5.___(guide), the team won the Olympic gold medal.

三、用所给词的正确形式填空

He was ______ (serious) injured in the match.
Her ______ (determine) to win inspired everyone.
The athletes are ______ (compete) for the championship.
Taking exercise ______ (regular) is good for your health.

四、句子翻译

令我印象最深的是他的决心。（What impressed me most was…）
无论遇到什么困难，都不要放弃。（No matter what）

Unit 3 参考答案与解析：
一、1. C（make sb do sth使某人做某事）2. A（not only…but also就近原则，coach单数用is）3. A（seldom半否定词，疑问部分用肯定does he）4. B（only+状语前置倒装）5. A（Let’s…用shall we）
二、1. who（定语从句指人作主语）2. to（lead sb to sth）3. determination（名词）4. in（in difficulty）5. guidance（名词）
三、1. seriously（副词修饰动词）2. determination（名词）3. competing（进行时）4. regularly（副词）
四、1. What impressed me most was his determination. 2. No matter what difficulties you face, never give up.

Unit 4 练习 ¶

一、单项选择

By the time the rescue team arrived, many buildings ______.
A. collapsed B. had collapsed C. collapse D. have collapsed
Hardly ______ when aftershocks began.
A. the earthquake stopped B. did the earthquake stop C. had the earthquake stopped D. the earthquake had stopped
It seemed as if the world ______ coming to an end.
A. is B. was C. were D. be
The number of victims ______ increasing.
A. was B. were C. are D. have been
A new bridge ______ in our city now.
A. is built B. is being built C. was built D. has built

二、语法填空

On July 28, 1976, a terrible earthquake 1.__(strike) Tangshan. It seemed as if the world 2._(be) coming to an end. Two-thirds of the people who 3.(live) there were dead or 4.(injure). The army sent soldiers 5.___(dig) out those who were trapped.

三、用所给词的正确形式填空

The city was left in ______ (ruin) after the disaster.
He was ______ (trap) in the building for three days.
The ______ (survive) of the earthquake were grateful.
People were ______ (shock) by the terrible news.

四、句子翻译

据报道地震造成了巨大的损失。（It is reported that）
只有团结一心，我们才能克服困难。（Only when…can…）

Unit 4 参考答案与解析：
一、1. B（by the time + 过去时，主句用过去完成时）2. C（Hardly…when…倒装，用过去完成时）3. C（as if引导虚拟，用were）4. A（the number of + 名词作主语，谓语单数）5. B（now标志现在进行时被动）
二、1. struck（过去时strike的过去式）2. were（as if虚拟）3. lived（定语从句过去时）4. injured（并列形容词）5. to dig（不定式表目的）
三、1. ruins（in ruins固定搭配）2. trapped（被动）3. survivors（名词复数）4. shocked（形容词化的过去分词）
四、1. It is reported that the earthquake caused great damage. 2. Only when we stand together can we overcome the difficulties.

Unit 5 练习 ¶

一、单项选择

This is the best film ______ I have ever seen.
A. which B. that C. what D. who
No matter ______ difficult it is, I will learn English well.
A. what B. how C. which D. that
______ is known to all, English is widely used in the world.
A. That B. Which C. As D. It
The more you practice, ______ you will become.
A. the more fluent B. more fluent C. the fluent D. fluent
The house ______ roof is red belongs to my uncle.
A. which B. that C. whose D. who

二、语法填空

Written Chinese 1.__(date) back several thousand years. It is a picture-based language 2._ symbols were carved on animal bones. That writing system was 3. great importance in uniting the Chinese people. No matter 4. Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate 5.___ writing.

三、用所给词的正确形式填空

There is a great ______ (diverse) of languages in the world.
He has difficulty in ______ (learn) English grammar.
It is ______ (demand) to master a foreign language.
She is ______ (fluency) in three languages.

四、句子翻译

你练习得越多，进步就越大。（The more…the more）
众所周知，英语是一门世界性语言。（As is known to all）

Unit 5 参考答案与解析：
一、1. B（先行词被最高级修饰，用that）2. B（No matter how + adj.）3. C（As is known to all固定结构）4. A（the more…the more结构）5. C（whose表所属关系，指物）
二、1. dates（date back to无被动不用进行时，用一般现在时）2. on which（介词+which定语从句）3. of（be of + 抽象名词）4. where（no matter where让步）5. in（in writing固定搭配）
三、1. diversity（名词）2. learning（have difficulty in doing）3. demanding（形容词”要求高的”）4. fluent（be fluent in）
四、1. The more you practice, the more progress you will make. 2. As is known to all, English is a world language.

使用说明：本手册是人教版必修第一册的完整学习资源，建议配合教材和课堂学习使用。词汇部分建议每日记忆并定期复习；语法部分建议理解规则后结合练习巩固；阅读材料建议限时训练（每篇5-8分钟）；范文建议背诵亮点句型并仿写；练习题建议先独立完成再对照答案。持之以恒，方能学好高中英语。

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