20260727 090605 高中英语 高一下册学习手册必修第二册

高中英语 · 高一下册学习手册（必修第二册）¶

依据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2020年修订）》及人教版新课标（2019版）必修第二册编写

一、考纲要求与学习目标¶

1.1 高一下学期学习定位¶

高一下学期是高中英语学习承上启下的关键阶段。学生在完成必修第一册的基础上，英语语言能力进入快速发展期。必修第二册聚焦文化遗产、野生动物保护、互联网、历史文化传统、音乐五大主题语境，涵盖人与社会、人与自然两大主题群，在词汇量、语法深度、阅读复杂度上均有显著提升。本学期学习直接关系到高二选修课程衔接和高考英语核心素养的奠基。

1.2 核心素养目标¶

根据新课标四大核心素养要求，本学期目标如下：

（1）语言能力
- 掌握必修第二册约350个核心词汇及100个重点短语，能正确运用构词法（派生、合成、转化）扩大词汇量
- 系统掌握限制性/非限制性定语从句、被动语态（进行时与完成时）、过去分词作定语和状语等核心语法
- 能读懂与单元主题相关的中等难度语篇，阅读速度达到每分钟60-70词
- 能写出100-120词的各类体裁作文，语言准确、结构清晰

（2）文化意识
- 了解中外文化遗产保护的典型案例（如阿斯旺大坝工程），增强文化自信
- 理解中西方历史传统差异（如英国历史文化、孔子思想），培养跨文化交际意识
- 认识音乐作为世界语言的独特价值

（3）思维品质
- 能就野生动物保护、互联网利弊等热点话题进行批判性思考
- 能从多角度分析问题，提出合理建议
- 培养逻辑推理和信息整合能力

（4）学习能力
- 能运用略读、扫读、精读等策略处理不同类型语篇
- 能利用网络资源进行自主学习和拓展阅读
- 建立错题整理和定期复习的学习习惯

1.3 高考考点提示¶

本册语法为高考高频考点，具体分布：
- 定语从句（限制性与非限制性）：每年高考必考，单项选择与语法填空高频出现 ★高考核心
- 被动语态（进行时/完成时）：完形填空与语法填空常考点 ★高考核心
- 过去分词作定语和状语：语法填空与短文改错重点 ★高考核心
- 词性转换与构词法：语法填空必考题型 ★高考核心

二、必会单词¶

Unit 1: Cultural Heritage（文化遗产）¶

构词法提示：
- preserve（v.保护）→ preservation（n.保护）→ preservative（n.防腐剂）
- contribute（v.贡献）→ contribution（n.贡献）→ contributor（n.贡献者）
- create（v.创造）→ creative（adj.创造性的）→ creativity（n.创造力）→ creatively（adv.创造性地）

Unit 2: Wildlife Protection（野生动物保护）¶

易混辨析：
- affect（vt. 影响 → 后接宾语）vs effect（n. 影响 → 常接 on）
- adapt to（适应）vs adopt（收养；采纳）vs adept（熟练的）
- extinct（adj. 灭绝的）vs distinct（adj. 明显的；不同的）

Unit 3: The Internet（互联网）¶

易混辨析：
- embarrassing（令人尴尬的 → 修饰事物）vs embarrassed（感到尴尬的 → 修饰人）
- false（虚假的 → 强调不真实）vs fake（伪造的 → 强调冒充）
- benefit from（从……中受益）vs benefit sb.（使某人受益）

Unit 4: History and Traditions（历史与传统）¶

易混辨析：
- charge（收费/指控/充电/负责 → 词义多，须结合语境）— → in charge of（主管）vs in the charge of（由……主管）
- belong to（属于 → 无被动语态，无进行时）
- custom（习俗 → 社会行为习惯）vs habit（习惯 → 个人行为习惯）

Unit 5: Music（音乐）¶

构词法提示：
- compose（v.创作）→ composer（n.作曲家）→ composition（n.作品/作曲）
- perform（v.表演）→ performer（n.表演者）→ performance（n.表演/表现）
- able（adj.能够的）→ capability（n.能力）→ capable（adj.有能力的）→ incapable（adj.无能力的）

三、必会短语与句子¶

Unit 1: Cultural Heritage¶

重点短语¶

1. take part in — 参与；参加
2. give way to — 让步于；被……取代 ★高考核心
3. keep balance — 保持平衡
4. lead to — 导致；通向 ★高考核心
5. make a proposal — 提出建议
6. turn to — 求助于；翻到；变成 ★高考核心
7. prevent...from... — 阻止……做…… ★高考核心
8. donate...to... — 向……捐献……
9. make contributions to — 对……做出贡献 ★高考核心
10. look into — 调查；研究
11. carry out — 实施；执行 ★高考核心
12. be proud of — 以……为骄傲
13. run over — 溢出；碾过
14. in silence — 默默地
15. as well as — 也；还；以及 ★高考核心
16. bring...back to... — 使……恢复到……
17. protect...from... — 保护……免受…… ★高考核心
18. be known as — 作为……而闻名 ★高考核心

重点句型与句子¶

1. There comes a time when... — ……的时代到来了
   - 例：There comes a time when the old must give way to the new.（新旧交替的时代总会到来。）

2. Not only...but also... — 不仅……而且……（可倒装） ★高考核心
   - 例：Not only had the countries found a path to the future, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.

3. It is said that... — 据说……
   - 例：It is said that the temple has a history of over 1,000 years.

4. ...where...（定语从句引导词）
   - 例：Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt's cultural heritage.

5. compared to/with... — 与……相比 ★高考核心
   - 例：Compared to the past, we now have more advanced technology to preserve cultural heritage.

6. ...be considered as... — ……被认为是……
   - 例：The Great Wall is considered as one of the greatest wonders of the world.

7. It takes sb. some time to do sth. — 某人花多少时间做某事 ★高考核心
   - 例：It took the committee twenty years to complete the project.

8. Neither...nor... — 既不……也不…… ★高考核心
   - 例：Neither the government nor the local people wanted to lose their cultural heritage.

Unit 2: Wildlife Protection¶

重点短语¶

1. die out — 灭绝；消失 ★高考核心
2. die off — 相继死去
3. die down — 逐渐平息
4. adapt to — 适应 ★高考核心
5. be concerned about — 关心；担忧 ★高考核心
6. be concerned with — 与……有关
7. remind sb. of sth. — 使某人想起某事 ★高考核心
8. remind sb. to do sth. — 提醒某人做某事
9. under attack — 遭到攻击
10. be aware of — 意识到 ★高考核心
11. protect...from... — 保护……不受……
12. in danger — 处于危险中
13. in danger of — 有……的危险
14. hunt for — 搜寻；猎取
15. make a difference — 产生影响；起作用 ★高考核心
16. put an end to — 结束；终止
17. take measures — 采取措施 ★高考核心
18. recover from — 从……中恢复 ★高考核心
19. on average — 平均
20. be to blame — 应受责备

重点句型与句子¶

1. ...is/are being done（现在进行时被动语态） ★高考核心
   - 例：The Tibetan antelope is being hunted, illegally, for its valuable wool.

2. ...have/has been done（现在完成时被动语态） ★高考核心
   - 例：Much has been done to protect wildlife, but much more remains to be done.

3. This is why... — 这就是……的原因 ★高考核心
   - 例：This is why we must take immediate action to protect endangered species.

4. It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. — 对某人来说做某事是……的 ★高考核心
   - 例：It is important for us to protect the habitats of endangered animals.

5. ...so that... — 以便；结果 ★高考核心
   - 例：We must take effective measures so that wildlife can be protected from extinction.

6. The reason why...is that... — ……的原因是…… ★高考核心
   - 例：The reason why many species are endangered is that their habitats are being destroyed.

7. Only by...can we... — 只有通过……我们才能…… ★高考核心
   - 例：Only by working together can we protect wildlife effectively.

8. With..., ...（with复合结构） ★高考核心
   - 例：With the rapid growth of the human population, wildlife habitats are shrinking.

Unit 3: The Internet¶

重点短语¶

1. have access to — 可以使用；有……的机会 ★高考核心
2. have a chat with — 与……聊天
3. keep in touch with — 与……保持联系 ★高考核心
4. at a discount — 打折
5. be stuck in — 陷入；困于
6. be upset about — 对……感到心烦
7. keep sb. company — 陪伴某人
8. take advantage of — 利用 ★高考核心
9. be particular about — 对……挑剔
10. rely on — 依赖；依靠 ★高考核心
11. be beneficial to — 对……有益 ★高考核心
12. benefit from — 从……中受益 ★高考核心
13. make use of — 利用 ★高考核心
14. click on — 点击
15. log in — 登录
16. log out — 注销；退出
17. be full of — 充满
18. be aware of — 意识到
19. come across — 偶遇；发现 ★高考核心
20. be connected to — 连接到

重点句型与句子¶

1. ...have/has been done（现在完成时被动语态） ★高考核心
   - 例：The Internet has been used by billions of people around the world.

2. ...which/that...（定语从句）
   - 例：The Internet, which connects people across the globe, has changed our lives dramatically.

3. Not only...but also... — 不仅……而且……
   - 例：The Internet has not only changed the way we communicate but also transformed the way we learn.

4. It is + time + since... — 自从……以来已有……时间 ★高考核心
   - 例：It has been ten years since I first used the Internet.

5. The more..., the more... — 越……越…… ★高考核心
   - 例：The more time you spend online, the more likely you are to encounter cyberbullying.

6. ...such...that... — 如此……以至于…… ★高考核心
   - 例：The Internet is such a powerful tool that it has become an essential part of our daily lives.

7. There is no doubt that... — 毫无疑问…… ★高考核心
   - 例：There is no doubt that the Internet has brought us both convenience and challenges.

8. With the development of... — 随着……的发展 ★高考核心
   - 例：With the development of technology, the Internet has become faster and more accessible.

Unit 4: History and Traditions¶

重点短语¶

1. belong to — 属于 ★高考核心
2. be separated from — 与……分离
3. be joined to — 与……相连
4. be known for — 因……而闻名 ★高考核心
5. be famous as — 作为……而闻名
6. in charge of — 负责；主管 ★高考核心
7. in the charge of — 由……负责
8. take charge of — 掌管
9. break away from — 脱离；摆脱 ★高考核心
10. result in — 导致 ★高考核心
11. result from — 由……引起
12. as well as — 也；还
13. amounts of — 大量的（接不可数名词） ★高考核心
14. a number of — 许多（接可数名词复数） ★高考核心
15. be similar to — 与……相似
16. be different from — 与……不同
17. be proud of — 为……感到骄傲
18. in memory of — 纪念 ★高考核心
19. be surrounded by — 被……环绕
20. leave behind — 留下；遗留 ★高考核心

重点句型与句子¶

1. 过去分词作定语 ★高考核心
   - 例：The bridge built in 1890 is still in use today.（= which was built in 1890）

2. 过去分词作状语 ★高考核心
   - 例：Founded in 1636, Harvard is the oldest university in the United States.（= Because it was founded in 1636）

3. ...what...（名词性从句引导词） ★高考核心
   - 例：Confucius is known for what he taught about philosophy and morality.

4. ...where...（定语从句）
   - 例：This is the village where the famous philosopher was born.

5. ...as...（as引导方式/让步状语从句） ★高考核心
   - 例：As we all know, the United Kingdom consists of four countries.

6. It is/was...that/who...（强调句型） ★高考核心
   - 例：It was in 1066 that the Normans invaded England.

7. ...the same...as... — 和……一样 ★高考核心
   - 例：The custom here is the same as it was hundreds of years ago.

8. ...no wonder... — 难怪……
   - 例：No wonder the UK has such a rich cultural heritage, with its long and complex history.

Unit 5: Music¶

重点短语¶

1. be absorbed in — 全神贯注于 ★高考核心
2. be capable of — 能够；有能力做 ★高考核心
3. take part in — 参加
4. have an impact on — 对……产生影响 ★高考核心
5. aim to do sth. — 旨在做某事 ★高考核心
6. add...to... — 把……加到……上
7. in addition to — 除……之外还 ★高考核心
8. be composed of — 由……组成 ★高考核心
9. fall in love with — 爱上 ★高考核心
10. enable sb. to do sth. — 使某人能够做某事 ★高考核心
11. various kinds of — 各种各样的
12. be connected with — 与……有联系
13. give a performance — 进行表演
14. be famous for — 因……而闻名
15. come up with — 想出；提出 ★高考核心
16. be regarded as — 被视为 ★高考核心
17. put on a performance — 进行表演
18. be popular with — 受……欢迎 ★高考核心
19. in particular — 尤其；特别 ★高考核心
20. provide sb. with sth. — 为某人提供某物 ★高考核心

重点句型与句子¶

1. , which...（非限制性定语从句） ★高考核心
   - 例：The virtual choir, which was created by Eric Whitacre, has become a worldwide phenomenon.

2. ...whose...（关系代词whose引导定语从句） ★高考核心
   - 例：Eric Whitacre is a composer whose works have been performed by millions of people.

3. ...when...（关系副词when引导定语从句） ★高考核心
   - 例：I still remember the day when I first heard that beautiful symphony.

4. ...prep. + which/whom...（介词+关系代词） ★高考核心
   - 例：The musician for whom I have great respect will give a concert next week.

5. ...such...that... — 如此……以至于…… ★高考核心
   - 例：The music was so beautiful that everyone in the audience was moved to tears.

6. ...not only...but also... — 不仅……而且…… ★高考核心
   - 例：Music can not only entertain us but also heal our hearts.

7. ...so...that... — 如此……以至于…… ★高考核心
   - 例：He was so absorbed in the music that he forgot everything around him.

8. ...the reason why...is that... — ……的原因是…… ★高考核心
   - 例：The reason why music is so powerful is that it speaks directly to our emotions.

四、语法知识详解¶

Unit 1: 限制性定语从句（复习深化）★高考核心¶

1. 基本概念回顾¶

限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，去掉后主句意义不完整。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两类。

2. 关系代词的用法¶

3. that与which的辨析 ★高考核心¶

只能用that的情况：
1. 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰：
- This is the best film that I have ever seen.
2. 先行词被the only, the very, the same等修饰：
- This is the only temple that dates back to the Tang Dynasty.
3. 先行词是不定代词all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little等：
- Everything that can be done has been done.
4. 先行词中既有人又有物：
- They talked about the persons and things that they remembered.
5. 主句以who或which开头的特殊疑问句：
- Who is the man that is standing by the door?

只能用which的情况：
1. 引导非限制性定语从句：
- The Great Wall, which is over 6,000 kilometers long, is a UNESCO World Heritage site.
2. 介词之后：
- This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.
3. 先行词本身是that时：
- What's that which is flying in the sky?

4. 关系副词的用法 ★高考核心¶

5. 高考易错点¶

（1）关系词的省略：在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时可省略，但作主语不可省略。
- ✅ The temple (that/which) we visited yesterday is very old.
- ❌ The temple visited yesterday is very old.（缺少谓语）

（2）定语从句与同位语从句的区别 ★高考核心
- 定语从句：The news that he told us is true.（that在从句中充当宾语，是关系代词）
- 同位语从句：The news that he won the prize is true.（that只起连接作用，不充当成分，是连词）

Unit 2: 现在进行时的被动语态 ★高考核心¶

1. 基本结构¶

am/is/are + being + 过去分词

2. 用法¶

表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的被动动作。

• 例：The Tibetan antelope is being hunted for its valuable fur.（藏羚羊正在被猎杀。）
• 例：New measures are being taken to protect endangered species.（正在采取新措施保护濒危物种。）
• 例：The forest is being destroyed at an alarming rate.（森林正以惊人的速度被破坏。）

3. 各种句式¶

• 肯定句：The bridge is being repaired.
• 否定句：The bridge is not being repaired.
• 疑问句：Is the bridge being repaired?
• 特殊疑问句：What is being done to protect the wildlife?

4. 高考易错点¶

（1）进行时被动语态与完成时被动语态的区别
- 现在进行时被动：is/am/are being done（正在进行）
- 现在完成时被动：has/have been done（已完成）

（2）不及物动词无被动语态
- ❌ The accident was happened yesterday.
- ✅ The accident happened yesterday.（happen为不及物动词）

（3）部分短语动词的被动语态
- take care of → is being taken care of（不可拆开）

Unit 3: 现在完成时的被动语态 ★高考核心¶

1. 基本结构¶

has/have + been + 过去分词

2. 用法¶

表示一个被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，且对现在有影响或结果。

• 例：The Internet has been used by billions of people worldwide.（互联网已被全球数十亿人使用。）
• 例：Much progress has been made in wildlife protection.（在野生动物保护方面已取得了很大进展。）
• 例：The application has been downloaded over a million times.（该应用程序已被下载超过一百万次。）

3. 时间标志词¶

常与以下时间状语连用：already, yet, just, ever, never, recently, lately, so far, up to now, since..., for...等。

• 例：Three temples have already been preserved so far.

4. 被动语态各时态总结表 ★高考核心¶

5. 高考易错点¶

（1）不用被动语态的情形
1. 不及物动词/词组：happen, occur, take place, break out, belong to等
2. 系动词：look, sound, feel, taste, smell + 形容词
- ✅ The music sounds beautiful. ❌ The music is sounded beautiful.
3. 某些及物动词与副词搭配表示状态：sell well, wash easily, read well, wear well
- ✅ The book sells well.（书卖得好）

（2）be to do表被动
- The meeting is to be held next week.（将在下周举行）

Unit 4: 过去分词作定语和状语 ★高考核心¶

1. 过去分词作定语¶

过去分词具有被动和完成的含义。

（1）单个过去分词作定语
- 通常放在被修饰词之前：a broken cup（一个破碎的杯子）
- written English（书面英语）vs spoken English（口语英语）
- a preserved temple（一座被保护的寺庙）

（2）过去分词短语作定语
- 必须放在被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句：
- The temple built in the 15th century is now a museum. = The temple which was built in the 15th century is now a museum.
- The book written by him is a bestseller. = The book which was written by him is a bestseller.

（3）现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别 ★高考核心
- 现在分词：表示主动/进行 — the boiling water（正在沸腾的水）
- 过去分词：表示被动/完成 — the boiled water（已烧开的水）
- the falling leaves（正在落下的叶子）vs the fallen leaves（已落下的叶子）

2. 过去分词作状语¶

过去分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致。

（1）时间状语
- Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful.（= When it is seen from the hill）
- Asked about the matter, she remained silent.（= When she was asked about the matter）

（2）原因状语
- Built in ancient times, the temple has a long history.（= Because it was built in ancient times）
- Exhausted from the journey, he fell asleep immediately.（= Because he was exhausted from the journey）

（3）条件状语
- Given more time, we could have done it better.（= If we were given more time）
- Compared with others, she is more diligent.（= If she is compared with others）

（4）让步状语
- Beaten by the rival team, they didn't lose confidence.（= Although they were beaten by the rival team）
- Wounded in the battle, he continued to fight.（= Although he was wounded in the battle）

（5）方式/伴随状语
- He walked into the room, followed by his dog.（= and he was followed by his dog）
- The teacher entered the classroom, accompanied by the students.

3. 独立主格结构 ★高考核心¶

当过去分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致时，需用独立主格结构。

• Weather permitting, we will go for a picnic.（= If weather permits）
• The work finished, we went home.（= When the work was finished, we went home）
• Her eyes fixed on the screen, she didn't notice me.（= With her eyes fixed on the screen）

4. with复合结构中的过去分词¶

• With the problem solved, we felt relieved.
• He sat there with his eyes closed.

Unit 5: 非限制性定语从句 + 关系代词/副词深化 ★高考核心¶

1. 非限制性定语从句基本概念¶

非限制性定语从句对先行词进行补充说明，去掉后主句意义仍完整。从句与主句之间用逗号隔开。

• 限制性：The man who lives next door is a doctor.（特指住在隔壁的那个人）
• 非限制性：My father, who lives next door, is a doctor.（我父亲恰好住在隔壁，补充说明）

2. 非限制性定语从句的关系词¶

（1）which — 指代物或整个主句

• 指代物：The Great Wall, which is over 6,000 km long, attracts millions of visitors each year.
• 指代整个句子（重要用法★）：He passed the exam, which made his parents very happy.（which指代”他通过了考试”这件事）

注意：非限制性定语从句中不能用that代替which。

（2）who/whom — 指代人

• My music teacher, who is also a composer, gave me much advice.
• Beethoven, whom we all admire, was deaf in his later years.

（3）whose — 指代人或物，表示”所属关系” ★高考核心

• The composer whose music is loved worldwide will visit our city.
• The house whose roof was damaged has been repaired.（= the roof of which）

（4）when — 指代时间

• I will never forget the year 2020, when the pandemic changed the world.
• October 1st, when China was founded, is a national holiday.

（5）where — 指代地点

• We visited the museum, where we saw many ancient relics.
• Shanghai, where I was born, is a modern city.

3. prep. + which/whom结构 ★高考核心¶

当关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词可以提到关系代词之前。

（1）prep. + which（指代物）
- The house in which he lives is very old. = The house where he lives is very old. = The house (which/that) he lives in is very old.
- The method by which the problem was solved is very efficient.

（2）prep. + whom（指代人）
- The professor to whom I spoke is an expert on music.
- The musician with whom I performed has won many awards.

（3）介词选择的三个原则 ★高考核心
1. 根据从句动词搭配选择：
- The person on whom I depend most is my mother.（depend on）
2. 根据先行词搭配选择：
- The day on which I was born was a Sunday.（on the day）
3. 根据从句所表达的整体含义选择：
- The book from which I learned a lot is very inspiring.

4. 关系副词与prep. + which/whom的等价关系 ★高考核心¶

5. as引导定语从句 ★高考核心¶

as可引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句，意为”正如”，位于句首、句中或句末。

• As is known to all, music is a universal language.
• As we all know, Beethoven was a great composer.
• Taiwan is, as we all know, an inseparable part of China.

as vs which区别：as有”正如”之意，which无此意；as引导的从句可放在句首，which引导的不可。

6. 定语从句与同位语从句的终极辨析 ★高考核心¶

• 定语从句：The fact that he told us is true.（that作told的宾语）
• 同位语从句：The fact that he won the first prize excited everyone.（that不充当成分）

五、必会文章（课文重点）¶

Unit 1: From Problems to Solutions¶

重点课文段落¶

There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and while people may miss the old temple, they understand that it is necessary for progress. Keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge. Big challenges, however, can sometimes lead to great solutions. In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build a new dam across the Nile in order to control floods, produce electricity, and supply water to more farmers in the area. But the proposal led to protests. Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt's cultural heritage.

长难句分析¶

1. There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and while people may miss the old temple, they understand that it is necessary for progress.
   - 结构分析：when引导定语从句修饰a time；while引导让步状语从句；that引导宾语从句
   - 翻译：旧事物必须让位于新事物的时代总会到来，虽然人们可能会怀念旧庙宇，但他们理解这对于进步是必要的。

2. Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.
   - 结构分析：Not only置于句首引起部分倒装；that did not run over...为定语从句修饰a path to the future；that it was possible...为宾语从句
   - 翻译：这些国家不仅找到了一条不以毁坏过去遗迹为代价通向未来的道路，而且也学到了各国可以携手共建更美好的明天。

3. Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt's cultural heritage.
   - 结构分析：主语Water from the dam；并列谓语damage和destroy；that引导定语从句修饰cultural relics

关键语言点¶

• give way to（让步于）— 固定搭配，高考高频
• keep balance（保持平衡）— 与balanced形容词形式相关联
• lead to（导致）— to为介词，后接名词/动名词
• a number of（许多）vs the number of（……的数量）

Unit 2: Wildlife Protection（Give Endangered Wildlife a Future）¶

重点课文段落¶

The Tibetan antelope, also known as the chiru, is a medium-sized mammal native to the Tibetan Plateau. The animal is being hunted, illegally, for its valuable wool, which is the most expensive in the world. The population of the Tibetan antelope has dropped by more than 50 percent in the past twenty years. The hunters shoot the antelopes, skin them on the spot, and take the wool to India, where it is made into the shawls. These shawls are bought by wealthy people in North America and Europe.

长难句分析¶

1. The animal is being hunted, illegally, for its valuable wool, which is the most expensive in the world.
   - 结构分析：主句使用现在进行时的被动语态is being hunted；which引导非限制性定语从句修饰wool
   - 翻译：这种动物正在被非法猎杀，因为它的珍贵绒毛——这是世界上最为昂贵的。

2. The hunters shoot the antelopes, skin them on the spot, and take the wool to India, where it is made into the shawls.
   - 结构分析：三个并列动词shoot, skin, take；where引导非限制性定语从句修饰India
   - 翻译：猎人们射杀藏羚羊，就地剥皮，将绒毛运往印度，在那里制成披肩。

关键语言点¶

• is being hunted — 现在进行时被动语态 ★高考核心
• also known as — 过去分词短语作后置定语
• be made into（被制成）— 区别于be made of（由……制成，看得出原料）和be made from（由……制成，看不出原料）

Unit 3: The Internet — Much More Than Just Information¶

重点课文段落¶

The Internet has become an essential part of our daily lives. It has been estimated that over five billion people use the Internet worldwide. The Internet has been used not only for searching for information but also for communication, entertainment, and commerce. However, the convenience of the Internet has been accompanied by concerns about privacy and security. Personal information has been stolen, and cyberbullying has become a serious problem. It is important for Internet users to be aware of both the benefits and risks of going online.

长难句分析¶

1. The Internet has been used not only for searching for information but also for communication, entertainment, and commerce.
   - 结构分析：现在完成时被动语态has been used；not only...but also...连接并列介词短语
   - 翻译：互联网不仅被用于搜索信息，还被用于交流、娱乐和商业。

2. However, the convenience of the Internet has been accompanied by concerns about privacy and security.
   - 结构分析：现在完成时被动语态has been accompanied
   - 翻译：然而，互联网的便利也伴随着对隐私和安全的担忧。

关键语言点¶

• has been used — 现在完成时被动语态 ★高考核心
• has been estimated that... — It作形式主语，that从句为真正主语
• be accompanied by — 伴随；被……伴随
• be aware of — 意识到

Unit 4: History and Traditions — What’s in a Name?¶

重点课文段落¶

The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by what these different names mean. So what is the difference between them, if any? Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle. In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country of Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

长难句分析¶

1. The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by what these different names mean.
   - 结构分析：破折号前为四个并列名词作引子；what引导宾语从句作介词by的宾语
   - 翻译：联合王国、大不列颠、不列颠、英格兰——许多人被这些不同名称的含义所困惑。

2. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today.
   - 结构分析：which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文整个句子内容；（we have today为限制性定语从句，省略了关系代词that/which）
   - 翻译：最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，这导致了我们今天所拥有的全名。

关键语言点¶

• be confused by — 被……困惑
• Getting to know... — 动名词短语作主语
• be joined to — 被并入；与……合并（被动语态）
• break away from — 脱离 ★高考核心
• result in — 导致 ★高考核心

Unit 5: Music — The Virtual Choir¶

重点课文段落¶

A virtual choir is an online choir that enables people to add their voices to those of other singers and be part of a global community. The virtual choir was the idea of Eric Whitacre, an award-winning composer and conductor. Born in the USA in 1970, Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988. He fell in love with classical music when he sang in the university choir. Moved by this music, he said, "It was like seeing color for the first time." He graduated from university in 1995, and then moved to New York to study music at the Juilliard School. Inspired, he eventually achieved his goal of creating the virtual choir in 2009.

长难句分析¶

1. A virtual choir is an online choir that enables people to add their voices to those of other singers and be part of a global community.
   - 结构分析：that引导限制性定语从句修饰choir；enables sb. to do sth.结构，后接两个并列不定式
   - 翻译：虚拟合唱团是一个在线合唱团，它使人们能够将自己的声音加入其他歌手的声音中，成为全球社区的一部分。

2. Born in the USA in 1970, Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988.
   - 结构分析：Born in the USA in 1970为过去分词短语作状语，表时间 = When he was born in the USA in 1970
   - 翻译：惠特克1970年出生于美国，1988年开始在内华达大学学习音乐。

3. Inspired, he eventually achieved his goal of creating the virtual choir in 2009.
   - 结构分析：Inspired为过去分词作原因状语 = Because he was inspired
   - 翻译：受到启发后，他最终在2009年实现了创建虚拟合唱团的目标。

关键语言点¶

• enable sb. to do sth. — 使某人能够做某事 ★高考核心
• fall in love with — 爱上
• Born in... / Moved by... / Inspired — 过去分词作状语 ★高考核心
• achieve one's goal of doing sth. — 实现做某事的目标
• an award-winning composer — 复合形容词结构

六、阅读材料（拓展阅读）¶

Passage 1: Preserving Our Cultural Heritage（文化遗产保护）¶

The Forbidden City, located in the heart of Beijing, is one of the most famous cultural heritage sites in the world. Built between 1406 and 1420, it served as the imperial palace for 24 emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Today, it is home to the Palace Museum, which houses over 1.8 million pieces of art and historical artifacts.

However, preserving such a vast complex presents enormous challenges. The wooden structures are constantly threatened by fire, insects, and natural decay. In recent years, advanced technology has been used to protect the palace. 3D scanning and digital modeling have been employed to create detailed records of every building. Sensors have been installed to monitor temperature, humidity, and structural integrity in real time.

Moreover, the Palace Museum has launched a massive restoration program. Trained craftsmen use traditional techniques to repair ancient buildings, ensuring that the original appearance is maintained. The program, which has been funded by both the government and private donations, aims to restore all major buildings within the next fifteen years.

Another challenge is managing the huge number of visitors. Over 17 million people visit the Forbidden City each year, and the wear and tear on the ancient structures is a serious concern. To address this issue, a daily visitor limit has been set, and certain areas are being rotated between being open to the public and undergoing maintenance.

The preservation of cultural heritage is not just about protecting old buildings. It is about maintaining our connection to the past and ensuring that future generations can appreciate the achievements of their ancestors. As one expert put it, “Cultural heritage is not just something we inherit from the past; it is something we borrow from the future.”

Reading Comprehension Questions:

1. How many emperors lived in the Forbidden City?
   A. 14 B. 20 C. 24 D. 28

2. What technology is NOT mentioned as being used to protect the palace?
   A. 3D scanning B. Digital modeling C. Sensors D. Artificial intelligence

3. The restoration program is funded by ______.
   A. the government only B. private donations only C. both the government and private donations D. international organizations

4. Why has a daily visitor limit been set?
   A. To reduce ticket costs B. To protect the ancient structures from wear and tear C. To improve visitor experience D. To reduce staff workload

5. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
   A. The challenges of preservation B. The importance of cultural heritage preservation C. The techniques used in restoration D. The number of visitors

参考答案： 1-5: C D C B B

Passage 2: The Race to Save Endangered Species（野生动物与生态）¶

In the frozen wilderness of the Arctic, the polar bear is fighting for survival. Listed as a vulnerable species, the polar bear is being threatened by climate change. As global temperatures rise, the sea ice that polar bears depend on for hunting is melting at an unprecedented rate. Scientists estimate that the polar bear population could decline by 30% to 50% by 2050.

But polar bears are not the only species in danger. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), over 37,000 species are currently threatened with extinction. The causes are varied: habitat destruction, illegal hunting, pollution, and climate change. Each of these factors is being driven by human activity.

The good news is that conservation efforts are being made worldwide. In China, the giant panda has been downgraded from “endangered” to “vulnerable” thanks to decades of conservation work. Bamboo forests have been restored, and panda reserves have been established across the country. The population of wild pandas has increased from about 1,100 in the 1980s to over 1,800 today.

In Africa, anti-poaching units are being trained and equipped to protect elephants and rhinos. GPS tracking collars have been fitted on thousands of animals, allowing researchers to monitor their movements. Satellite imagery is being used to detect illegal logging and mining in protected areas.

However, conservationists warn that these efforts are not enough. “We are losing species at a rate 1,000 times faster than the natural extinction rate,” said Dr. Jane Goodall, a renowned primatologist. “Every species that disappears is a piece of the puzzle that we can never put back.”

Individuals can also make a difference. Reducing carbon footprint, supporting conservation organizations, and spreading awareness are all effective ways to help. As the saying goes, “We do not inherit the Earth from our ancestors; we borrow it from our children.”

Reading Comprehension Questions:

1. What is the main threat to polar bears?
   A. Illegal hunting B. Pollution C. Climate change D. Habitat destruction

2. How has the panda’s status changed?
   A. From “vulnerable” to “endangered” B. From “endangered” to “vulnerable” C. From “extinct” to “endangered” D. No change

3. What technology is used to protect elephants and rhinos in Africa?
   A. GPS tracking collars B. Satellite imagery C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B

4. According to the passage, the natural extinction rate is ______ the current rate.
   A. faster than B. equal to C. 1,000 times slower than D. 1,000 times faster than

5. What is the main purpose of this passage?
   A. To describe the Arctic environment B. To report conservation efforts and challenges C. To criticize human activity D. To introduce Dr. Jane Goodall

参考答案： 1-5: C B C C B

Passage 3: The Double-Edged Sword of the Internet（互联网科技）¶

The Internet has revolutionized the way we live, work, and communicate. In just a few decades, it has transformed from a military research project into a global network that connects billions of people. But with its enormous benefits come significant risks.

On the positive side, the Internet has made information accessible to everyone. Students can take online courses from top universities without leaving home. Patients in remote areas can consult with specialists thousands of miles away. Businesses can reach global markets with minimal investment. Social media platforms have enabled people to maintain connections with friends and family across the globe.

However, the Internet has also created new problems. Privacy has become a major concern, as personal data is constantly being collected by companies and governments. Cybercrime is on the rise, with identity theft and online fraud affecting millions of people each year. Cyberbullying, a particularly harmful form of online harassment, has been linked to depression and anxiety among teenagers.

Moreover, the spread of misinformation has become a serious threat to society. False information can be shared millions of times before it is corrected, causing real-world harm. During the COVID-19 pandemic, for example, rumors about fake cures and conspiracy theories spread rapidly online, leading to dangerous behavior.

Addiction to the Internet is another growing concern. Studies have shown that excessive screen time can lead to sleep disorders, poor academic performance, and social isolation. Some countries have even passed laws limiting the amount of time minors can spend on online games.

The Internet, therefore, is a double-edged sword. It has the power to connect us, educate us, and empower us, but it also has the potential to harm us. The key is to use it wisely. As one expert noted, “Technology is neither good nor bad; nor is it neutral. It depends on how we choose to use it.”

Reading Comprehension Questions:

1. According to the passage, which is NOT a benefit of the Internet?
   A. Accessible information B. Online education C. Improved privacy D. Global communication

2. What problem is linked to depression among teenagers?
   A. Identity theft B. Cyberbullying C. Online fraud D. Misinformation

3. Why did rumors during COVID-19 cause harm?
   A. They were corrected too quickly B. They spread rapidly before being corrected C. They were ignored by the public D. They were created by governments

4. What does “double-edged sword” mean in the context of the passage?
   A. The Internet is dangerous B. The Internet has both benefits and risks C. The Internet is a weapon D. The Internet should be banned

5. What is the author’s attitude toward the Internet?
   A. Completely positive B. Completely negative C. Balanced, acknowledging both benefits and risks D. Indifferent

参考答案： 1-5: C B B B C

Passage 4: The Rich Tapestry of British History（历史文化传统）¶

To understand British culture, one must first understand its complex history. The story of Britain is a tale of invasions, conquests, and unions that have shaped the nation we know today.

The earliest known inhabitants of Britain were Celtic tribes. In 43 AD, the Romans invaded and ruled Britain for nearly 400 years. They built roads, cities, and Hadrian’s Wall, remnants of which can still be seen today. After the Romans withdrew in the 5th century, Germanic tribes—the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes—crossed the North Sea and established kingdoms.

The next major invasion came in 1066, when William the Conqueror from Normandy defeated the English army at the Battle of Hastings. This event, which is considered one of the most important in British history, brought Norman French culture and language to England. The English language, which was primarily Germanic, absorbed thousands of French words, creating the rich vocabulary we know today.

In the centuries that followed, England expanded its influence. Wales was conquered in the 13th century. In 1603, the crowns of England and Scotland were united when James VI of Scotland became James I of England. In 1707, the Act of Union officially merged the two kingdoms into Great Britain. Ireland was added in 1801, creating the United Kingdom. However, after years of conflict, the southern part of Ireland became independent in 1922, leaving the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

British culture has been enriched by these historical layers. The legal system, rooted in medieval common law, has influenced legal systems around the world. The parliamentary system, developed over centuries, has been adopted by many democratic nations. English literature, from Shakespeare to Dickens, has shaped the literary traditions of countless countries.

Understanding British history helps us appreciate the complexity of cultural identity. As the historian Linda Colley wrote, “Identities are not born; they are made.” The British identity, itself a product of historical accident and political decision, continues to evolve in the 21st century.

Reading Comprehension Questions:

1. Who ruled Britain for nearly 400 years?
   A. The Celts B. The Romans C. The Normans D. The Saxons

2. What event in 1066 brought Norman French culture to England?
   A. The Act of Union B. The Battle of Hastings C. Hadrian’s Wall construction D. The Roman withdrawal

3. When was the Act of Union signed?
   A. 1603 B. 1707 C. 1801 D. 1922

4. What did the Norman invasion contribute to the English language?
   A. Germanic words B. French words C. Celtic words D. Latin words

5. What is the main idea of the passage?
   A. The Roman influence on Britain B. The evolution of the English language C. The complex history that shaped Britain D. The British parliamentary system

参考答案： 1-5: B B B B C

Passage 5: Music: The Universal Language（音乐艺术）¶

Music is often described as the universal language of mankind. Regardless of where we come from or what language we speak, music has the power to move us, to inspire us, and to bring us together. From ancient drums to modern symphonies, music has been an essential part of human culture for thousands of years.

Scientific research has shown that music affects the brain in remarkable ways. When we listen to music, multiple areas of the brain are activated simultaneously. Music can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and even relieve pain. It has been used in therapy to help patients with depression, anxiety, and memory loss. For patients with Alzheimer’s disease, familiar music can sometimes unlock memories that seemed lost forever.

Music also plays a vital role in education. Studies have shown that students who study music tend to perform better in other subjects, particularly mathematics and language arts. Learning to play an instrument requires discipline, patience, and perseverance—qualities that benefit all areas of life.

In recent years, technology has transformed the way we experience music. The virtual choir, pioneered by composer Eric Whitacre, allows hundreds of singers from around the world to perform together without ever meeting in person. Streaming platforms have made music from every culture accessible to anyone with an Internet connection. Social media has enabled unknown artists to reach global audiences overnight.

Yet, despite these technological advances, the essence of music remains unchanged. It is still about human emotion, connection, and expression. As Ludwig van Beethoven, who composed some of his greatest works after losing his hearing, once said, “Music is a higher revelation than all wisdom and philosophy.”

Whether it is a mother singing a lullaby to her child, a crowd chanting at a football match, or a symphony orchestra performing in a grand concert hall, music speaks to something deep within us. It reminds us of our shared humanity and connects us across the boundaries of language, culture, and time.

Reading Comprehension Questions:

1. What does the passage say about music and the brain?
   A. Music only activates one area of the brain B. Music activates multiple areas simultaneously C. Music has no effect on the brain D. Music damages the brain

2. How does music benefit Alzheimer’s patients?
   A. It cures the disease B. It can unlock memories C. It has no effect D. It worsens symptoms

3. What is the virtual choir?
   A. A traditional choir B. A choir that performs online with singers from different locations C. A computer-generated choir D. A choir for virtual reality

4. What did Beethoven say about music?
   A. It is less important than philosophy B. It is a higher revelation than wisdom and philosophy C. It is only for the educated D. It is a form of entertainment

5. What is the main theme of the passage?
   A. The history of music B. The technology of music C. The universal power and importance of music D. The science of music

参考答案： 1-5: B B B B C

七、优秀范文与必会练习¶

一、优秀范文¶

范文1：文化遗产保护建议信（应用文/书信）¶

题目： 假定你是李华，你的外国朋友Tom来信询问中国的文化遗产保护情况。请你给他写一封回信，介绍中国在文化遗产保护方面的举措，并呼吁大家共同参与保护。词数100-120。

范文：

Dear Tom,

I’m glad to receive your letter asking about cultural heritage protection in China. I’d like to share some information with you.

China has made great efforts to protect its cultural heritage. Not only has the government established laws to preserve ancient buildings and historical sites, but it has also invested large amounts of money in restoration projects. For example, the Palace Museum in Beijing, which is one of the most famous cultural heritage sites, has been well preserved with the help of modern technology. Additionally, many cultural relics have been digitized to ensure they are not lost forever.

Cultural heritage belongs to all humanity. I believe that only by working together can we protect these treasures for future generations. I sincerely invite you to visit China and experience our rich cultural heritage firsthand.

Looking forward to your reply.

Yours,
Li Hua

高分亮点：
- Not only...but also...倒装句式（★高考核心）
- which引导非限制性定语从句
- 现在完成时被动语态have been digitized
- only by...can we...倒装结构

范文2：野生动物保护倡议书（应用文/演讲稿）¶

题目： 假定你是学校环保社团主席李华，请以”Protect Wildlife, Protect Ourselves”为题，写一篇英文演讲稿，呼吁同学们关注野生动物保护。词数100-120。

范文：

Dear fellow students,

Today, I’m honored to stand here to talk about a topic that concerns us all—wildlife protection. As is known to all, many species are on the verge of extinction. The Tibetan antelope, whose fur is extremely valuable, is being illegally hunted. What’s worse, their habitats are being destroyed at an alarming rate.

The reason why we must act now is simple: every species plays a unique role in the ecosystem. If one species disappears, the balance of nature will be broken. Therefore, I call on everyone to take action. We can start by refusing to buy products made from endangered animals. In addition, we should spread awareness among our family and friends.

Remember, protecting wildlife is protecting ourselves. Let’s join hands to build a harmonious world where humans and nature coexist.

Thank you!

高分亮点：
- As is known to all（as引导非限制性定语从句，★高考核心）
- whose引导定语从句
- is being illegally hunted（现在进行时被动语态）
- The reason why...is that...句型
- 演讲稿格式规范，号召力强

范文3：互联网利与弊（议论文）¶

题目： 请以”The Internet: A Blessing or a Curse?”为题，写一篇短文，论述互联网的利与弊，并给出你的观点。词数100-120。

范文：

The Internet: A Blessing or a Curse?

The Internet has become an indispensable part of our lives. However, whether it is a blessing or a curse has sparked heated debate.

On the one hand, the Internet has brought us enormous convenience. Information has been made accessible with just a few clicks. We can communicate with people worldwide, take online courses, and shop without leaving home. Moreover, the Internet has enabled many people to work remotely, saving time and reducing traffic.

On the other hand, the Internet has also caused problems. Personal privacy has been threatened by data collection and cybercrime. Children may be exposed to inappropriate content. Furthermore, Internet addiction has become a growing concern among teenagers.

In my opinion, the Internet itself is neither good nor bad. It is how we use it that matters（强调句型）. As long as we use it responsibly and wisely, the Internet will continue to be a powerful tool that benefits our lives.

高分亮点：
- has been made accessible（现在完成时被动语态）
- It is...that...强调句型（★高考核心）
- On the one hand...On the other hand...对比结构
- neither...nor...并列结构
- 观点明确，论证有层次

范文4：历史文化探讨（说明文）¶

题目： 请以”The Importance of Understanding History”为题，写一篇短文，阐述了解历史的重要性。词数100-120。

范文：

The Importance of Understanding History

History, often described as a mirror reflecting the past, is not merely a collection of dates and events. Understanding history is of great significance for both individuals and nations.

First of all, history teaches us valuable lessons. By studying the rise and fall of ancient civilizations, we can learn from their mistakes and avoid repeating them. For instance, the decline of the Roman Empire, which was caused by internal corruption and external invasions, reminds us of the importance of good governance.

Furthermore, history shapes our cultural identity. The traditions, customs, and values passed down from our ancestors define who we are. Confucius, whose teachings have influenced Chinese culture for over 2,000 years, once said, “Study the past if you would define the future.”

In conclusion, history is not something to be forgotten but something to be cherished. Only by understanding where we came from can we know where we are going.

高分亮点：
- often described as（过去分词短语作状语）
- which was caused by（非限制性定语从句 + 被动语态）
- whose引导定语从句
- passed down（过去分词作后置定语）
- Only by...can we...倒装结构（★高考核心）

范文5：音乐与生活（记叙文）¶

题目： 请以”Music Changed My Life”为题，写一篇短文，记叙音乐如何改变了你的生活。词数100-120。

范文：

Music Changed My Life

I still remember the day when I first walked into a music classroom. I was a shy ten-year-old, struggling to make friends. The music teacher, Mr. Wang, handed me a violin and said, “Let music speak for you.”

At first, I found it extremely difficult. My fingers hurt, and the sounds I produced were far from pleasant. However, inspired by Mr. Wang’s encouragement, I persisted. Gradually, I fell in love with the instrument. I would spend hours practicing, completely absorbed in the melodies.

Music has transformed me in ways I never imagined. Through music, I found confidence and made friends who shared my passion. I joined the school orchestra, where I learned the value of teamwork and dedication. More importantly, music gave me a way to express emotions that words could not capture.

Now, five years later, I am no longer that shy child. Whenever I pick up my violin, I am reminded of Mr. Wang’s words. Music, which has become an inseparable part of my life, has truly changed me—and for that, I am forever grateful.

高分亮点：
- when引导定语从句（★高考核心）
- inspired by（过去分词作状语）
- completely absorbed in（过去分词作状语）
- where引导非限制性定语从句
- which引导非限制性定语从句
- 记叙文结构完整，情感真挚

范文6：给外国朋友的介绍信（应用文/书信）¶

题目： 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Peter对中国传统音乐很感兴趣，来信请你介绍一种中国传统乐器。请你写一封回信，向他介绍古筝。词数100-120。

范文：

Dear Peter,

I’m thrilled to hear about your interest in traditional Chinese music! I’d love to introduce you to the guzheng, one of the most ancient and elegant Chinese instruments.

The guzheng, which has a history of over 2,500 years, is a stringed instrument with 21 strings. Originally made of silk, the strings are now typically made of steel wrapped in nylon. When played, it produces a beautiful, flowing sound that has been described as “the voice of nature.”

What makes the guzheng special is its versatility. It can express both gentle, flowing emotions and powerful, dramatic feelings. Many famous compositions, composed by ancient masters, have been passed down through generations.

The guzheng has been recognized as an important part of China’s cultural heritage. If you ever visit China, I would be happy to take you to a guzheng performance. I’m sure you will be deeply moved by its beauty!

Yours,
Li Hua

高分亮点：
- which引导非限制性定语从句
- Originally made of（过去分词作状语）
- When played（过去分词作时间状语，省略it is）
- has been described/have been passed down/has been recognized（现在完成时被动语态）
- composed by（过去分词作后置定语）

二、必会练习¶

Unit 1: Cultural Heritage 练习¶

一、单项选择

1. The temple ______ was built in the Ming Dynasty is now a museum.
   A. which B. who C. what D. where

2. This is the best film ______ I have ever seen.
   A. which B. that C. what D. whose

3. Not only ______ the problem, but he also solved it.
   A. he found B. did he find C. he did find D. found he

4. The project, ______ was completed in 2020, cost over $1 billion.
   A. that B. which C. what D. who

5. It was in Egypt ______ the famous temple was preserved.
   A. where B. which C. that D. what

二、用所给词的正确形式填空

6. The ancient building ______ (preserve) by the local government so far.
7. ______ (compare) with the past, we now have better technology.
8. The proposal ______ (put) forward by the committee was approved.
9. Cultural relics should be ______ (protect) from damage.
10. The scientist has made a great ______ (contribute) to the field.

三、句子翻译

11. 据说这座寺庙有超过一千年的历史。（It is said that…）
12. 只有通过合作，我们才能保护文化遗产。（Only by…）

参考答案与解析：

1. A — 先行词temple为物，用which或that作主语引导定语从句。
2. B — 先行词被最高级best修饰，只能用that。★高考核心
3. B — Not only置于句首，主句部分倒装。★高考核心
4. B — 非限制性定语从句中不能用that，用which。
5. C — 强调句型It is/was...that...。★高考核心
6. has been preserved — 现在完成时被动语态，so far为标志词。
7. Compared — 过去分词作状语，固定搭配compared with。
8. put — put forward的过去分词形式，作后置定语，注意put的三态同形。
9. protected — 情态动词被动语态should be done。
10. contribution — 词性转换，make a contribution to为固定搭配。
11. It is said that the temple has a history of over 1,000 years.
12. Only by working together can we protect cultural heritage.（倒装）

Unit 2: Wildlife Protection 练习¶

一、单项选择

1. The Tibetan antelope ______ for its valuable wool at present.
   A. is hunted B. is being hunted C. has been hunted D. was hunted

2. The number of wild pandas ______ significantly in the past decade.
   A. has increased B. have increased C. is increasing D. are increasing

3. This is the reason ______ we must protect endangered species.
   A. why B. which C. that D. what

4. Only by taking immediate action ______ wildlife from extinction.
   A. we can protect B. can we protect C. we protect D. protect we

5. The reserve, ______ was established in 1990, is home to many rare animals.
   A. that B. which C. where D. who

二、用所给词的正确形式填空

6. Many species ______ (disappear) because of habitat destruction.
7. The animals ______ (keep) in the zoo are well taken care of.
8. ______ (concern) about the environment, she joined a conservation group.
9. Effective measures ______ (take) to protect the wildlife recently.
10. The population of elephants ______ (reduce) by 30% in recent years.

三、句子翻译

11. 藏羚羊正在被非法猎杀。（现在进行时被动语态）
12. 我们必须采取措施以防止物种灭绝。（take measures）

参考答案与解析：

1. B — at present表示现在进行时，主语是动作承受者，用被动。★高考核心
2. A — the number of作主语谓语用单数；in the past decade提示现在完成时。
3. A — 先行词reason，用关系副词why。★高考核心
4. B — Only by + 动名词置于句首，主句部分倒装。★高考核心
5. B — 非限制性定语从句，先行词为物，用which。
6. have disappeared — 现在完成时，表示已经发生的动作。
7. kept — 过去分词作后置定语，表被动。
8. Concerned — 过去分词作原因状语 = Because she was concerned about…
9. have been taken — 现在完成时被动语态，recently为标志词。
10. has been reduced — 现在完成时被动语态，in recent years为标志词。
11. The Tibetan antelope is being hunted illegally.
12. We must take measures to prevent species from going extinct.

Unit 3: The Internet 练习¶

一、单项选择

1. The Internet ______ by billions of people since it was invented.
   A. has used B. has been used C. is used D. was used

2. ______ the development of technology, our lives have changed dramatically.
   A. With B. In C. On D. At

3. There is no doubt ______ the Internet has brought us both benefits and risks.
   A. whether B. that C. what D. which

4. The more time you spend online, ______ you are to encounter problems.
   A. the more likely B. the likely C. more likely D. likely

5. The app ______ has been downloaded over a million times is very popular.
   A. what B. who C. which D. whose

二、语法填空

6. The Internet has been used ______ (search) for information worldwide.
7. Personal information ______ (steal) by hackers recently.
8. ______ (embarrass) by the mistake, he deleted the post immediately.
9. It is the first time that I ______ (use) this software.
10. The website, ______ was founded in 2005, has millions of users.

三、句子翻译

11. 互联网已被全球数十亿人使用。（现在完成时被动语态）
    12.毫无疑问，互联网极大地改变了我们的生活。（There is no doubt that…）

参考答案与解析：

1. B — since引导时间状语，主句用现在完成时；主语是动作承受者，用被动。★高考核心
2. A — With the development of...为固定搭配。
3. B — There is no doubt that...固定句型，that引导同位语从句。★高考核心
4. A — The more..., the more...句型。★高考核心
5. C — 先行词app为物，用which或that。
6. to search — be used to do sth.（被用来做某事），区别be used to doing（习惯于做）。
7. has been stolen — 现在完成时被动语态，recently为标志词。
8. Embarrassed — 过去分词作原因状语。注意：修饰人用embarrassed，修饰物用embarrassing。
9. have used — It is the first time that + 现在完成时固定结构。★高考核心
10. which — 非限制性定语从句。
11. The Internet has been used by billions of people worldwide.
12. There is no doubt that the Internet has greatly changed our lives.

Unit 4: History and Traditions 练习¶

一、单项选择

1. ______ in 1636, Harvard is the oldest university in the United States.
   A. Founding B. Founded C. To found D. Having founded

2. The book ______ by him is a bestseller.
   A. writing B. written C. to write D. having written

3. ______ from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.
   A. Seeing B. Seen C. To see D. Having seen

4. The UK consists of four countries, ______ are England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
   A. that B. which C. who D. they

5. It was in 1066 ______ the Normans invaded England.
   A. when B. that C. which D. in which

二、用所给词的正确形式填空

6. ______ (surround) by mountains, the village is very peaceful.
7. The custom ______ (pass) down from generation to generation.
8. The museum, ______ (locate) in the city center, is very popular.
9. ______ (compare) with other countries, China has a longer history.
10. The bridge ______ (build) in 1890 is still in use today.

三、句子翻译

11. 建于15世纪的这座寺庙现在是一座博物馆。（过去分词作定语）
12. 从山顶看去，这座城市很美丽。（过去分词作状语）

参考答案与解析：

1. B — 过去分词作状语，表原因 = Because it was founded。★高考核心
2. B — 过去分词作后置定语，表被动 = which was written by him。★高考核心
3. B — 过去分词作状语，the city与see之间为被动关系 = When it is seen。
4. B — 非限制性定语从句，先行词为物，用which。
5. B — 强调句型It is/was...that...。★高考核心
6. Surrounded — 过去分词作原因状语。
7. passed — 过去分词作后置定语。
8. located — 过去分词短语作插入语/定语 = which is located。
9. Compared — compared with为固定搭配，过去分词作状语。
10. built — 过去分词作后置定语 = which was built。
11. The temple built in the 15th century is now a museum.
12. Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.

Unit 5: Music 练习¶

一、单项选择

1. Eric Whitacre, ______ works have been performed worldwide, created the virtual choir.
   A. who B. whose C. which D. that

2. I still remember the day ______ I first heard that beautiful symphony.
   A. which B. that C. when D. on that

3. The musician ______ I have great respect will give a concert next week.
   A. who B. whom C. for whom D. that

4. ______ is known to all, music is a universal language.
   A. As B. Which C. That D. It

5. The concert was ______ beautiful that everyone was moved to tears.
   A. so B. such C. very D. too

二、语法填空

6. Beethoven, ______ was deaf in his later years, composed many great symphonies.
7. The day ______ he performed on stage was unforgettable.
8. ______ (absorb) in the music, he didn’t notice the time.
9. The virtual choir ______ (create) by Eric Whitacre has become a global phenomenon.
10. He is a composer ______ (respect) by musicians worldwide.

三、句子翻译

11. 艾瑞克·惠特克是一位作曲家，他的作品在全球演出。（whose引导定语从句）
12. 正如大家所知，音乐是一种世界语言。（As引导非限制性定语从句）

参考答案与解析：

1. B — whose引导非限制性定语从句，表所属关系”他的作品”。★高考核心
2. C — when引导定语从句修饰时间名词the day，在从句中作时间状语。★高考核心
3. C — for whom = for the musician，have respect for sb.为固定搭配。★高考核心
4. A — As is known to all为固定句型，as引导非限制性定语从句。★高考核心
5. A — so...that...如此……以至于……句型。
6. who — 非限制性定语从句修饰人，作主语用who。
7. when/on which — 关系副词when，等价于on which。
8. Absorbed — 过去分词作原因状语 = Because he was absorbed in…
9. created — 过去分词作后置定语 = which was created by…(注意：此处也可理解为虚拟合唱团作为一种现象先行词的定语从句省略了which was)。
10. respected — 过去分词作后置定语 = who is respected by…
11. Eric Whitacre is a composer whose works have been performed worldwide.
12. As is known to all, music is a universal language.

附录：本册高考核心语法速查表¶

一、定语从句速查 ★高考核心¶

二、被动语态速查 ★高考核心¶

三、过去分词用法速查 ★高考核心¶

编写说明：
本手册严格依据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2020年修订）》及人教版新课标（2019版）必修第二册编写，涵盖5个单元全部核心内容。7大板块包括：考纲要求与学习目标、必会单词（5单元约190个核心词汇）、必会短语与句子（5单元约100个短语 + 40个重点句型）、语法知识详解（5大语法专题，含限制性/非限制性定语从句、被动语态、过去分词等高考核心考点）、必会文章（5篇课文重点段落及长难句分析）、拓展阅读（5篇阅读理解及参考答案）、优秀范文与必会练习（6篇满分范文 + 5单元精选练习题含答案解析）。

本手册可用于日常预习复习、单元检测、期中期末备考及高考一轮复习。

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