20260727 090607 高中英语 高二上册学习手册必修第三册

高中英语 · 高二上册学习手册（必修第三册）¶

依据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2020年修订）》及人教版新课标（2019版）必修第三册编写
适用对象：高二上学期学生 | 核心目标：高考语法与词汇体系全面构建

一、考纲要求与学习目标¶

1.1 核心素养总目标¶

高二上学期是高中英语学习承上启下的关键阶段。必修第三册作为高中英语必修课程的收官之作，承担着语法体系构建、词汇量突破、语言运用能力全面提升三大核心任务。根据新课标要求，本学期重点培养以下四大核心素养：

（一）语言能力

• 掌握必修第三册5个单元共计约200个核心词汇及其派生词、搭配用法
• 系统掌握情态动词表推测、名词性从句、it用法、动词-ing形式四大高考核心语法
• 能读懂与节日文化、道德伦理、多元文化、太空探索、金钱价值相关的中等难度语篇
• 能用英语就上述话题进行比较流利的口头和书面表达，书面表达达到120-150词

（二）文化意识

• 了解中外传统节日的起源、庆祝方式与文化内涵，增强文化自信
• 理解道德选择与美德传承的跨文化共性，培养正确的价值观
• 认识多元文化交融的社会现象，培养包容开放的文化态度
• 了解人类太空探索的历程与意义，培养科学精神
• 思考金钱与幸福的关系，树立正确的金钱观

（三）思维品质

• 能从多角度分析节日文化的异同，进行比较与归纳
• 能在道德困境中进行理性分析与价值判断
• 能批判性地思考多元文化融合的利弊
• 能辩证地看待科技探索与金钱价值

（四）学习能力

• 建立系统的词汇记忆策略（词根词缀法、语境记忆法、分类记忆法）
• 掌握语法学习的方法论（规则归纳→例句分析→迁移运用）
• 提升阅读策略（略读、寻读、推断、概括）
• 发展自主学习能力，利用语料库和网络资源拓展学习

1.2 各单元学习目标¶

1.3 高考备考提示¶

★高考核心：高二上学期的语法内容是高考语法填空、短文改错和书面表达的核心考查范围。其中：

• 情态动词表推测：高考语法填空高频考点，几乎每年必考
• 名词性从句：高考阅读理解长难句分析的核心，书面表达高级句式
• it的用法（强调句型）：高考单选和语法填空的经典考点
• 动词-ing形式：高考语法填空和完形填空的重点，非谓语动词是高考语法考查的重中之重

建议同学们在学习每个单元时，做到”词汇—语法—语篇”三位一体，在语境中理解语言规则，在运用中巩固语言知识。

二、必会单词¶

Unit 1: Festivals and Celebrations（节日与庆典）¶

Unit 2: Morals and Virtues（道德与美德）¶

Unit 3: Diverse Cultures（多元文化）¶

Unit 4: Space Exploration（太空探索）¶

Unit 5: The Value of Money（金钱的价值）¶

三、必会短语与句子¶

Unit 1: Festivals and Celebrations¶

重点短语¶

必会句型与重点句子¶

1. ★高考核心 The festival ranges from religious ceremonies to joyful gatherings, attracting people from all walks of life.
   - 句型：range from... to... 表示范围变化
   - 用法：现在分词attracting作伴随状语，补充说明主句内容

2. ★高考核心 It is believed that the tradition dates back to over 2,000 years ago.
   - 句型：It is believed that...（人们认为……）= People believe that...
   - 用法：It为形式主语，真正主语是that从句

3. No matter how modern our society becomes, the joy of gathering with family during festivals never fades away.
   - 句型：No matter how + adj./adv. + 主谓（无论多么……）
   - 用法：让步状语从句，no matter how可替换为however

4. ★高考核心 What fascinates me most about this festival is the way people celebrate it with such enthusiasm.
   - 句型：What引导主语从句
   - 用法：what在从句中作主语，the way后省略了that/in which

5. Despite the commercialization of many festivals, their cultural significance remains unchanged.
   - 句型：Despite + n.（尽管……）
   - 用法：despite是介词，后接名词或动名词

6. The Mid-Autumn Festival, which is one of the most important traditional Chinese festivals, represents family reunion and gratitude.
   - 句型：非限制性定语从句
   - 用法：which引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词

7. ★高考核心 Not only do festivals preserve cultural heritage, but they also bring people together.
   - 句型：Not only... but also...倒装结构
   - 用法：Not only置于句首时，主句部分倒装（助动词do提前）

8. It is during these celebrations that we truly understand the meaning of gratitude.
   - 句型：强调句型 It is... that...
   - 用法：强调时间状语during these celebrations

9. Children dressed in colorful costumes can be seen everywhere during the festival.
   - 句型：过去分词短语作后置定语
   - 用法：dressed in colorful costumes修饰Children

10. The more we learn about different festivals, the more we appreciate cultural diversity.

    • 句型：The + 比较级..., the + 比较级...（越……就越……）
    • 用法：比较级句型，表达两个事物之间的正比关系

11. There is no doubt that festivals play a vital role in maintaining cultural identity.

    • 句型：There is no doubt that...（毫无疑问……）
    • 用法：that引导同位语从句，解释doubt的内容

12. Only by understanding the origins of these festivals can we truly appreciate their value.

    • 句型：Only + 状语置于句首，主句部分倒装
    • 用法：can we倒装，强调方式状语

Unit 2: Morals and Virtues¶

重点短语¶

必会句型与重点句子¶

1. ★高考核心 What Dr. Lin Qiaozhi chose was not a life of comfort, but one of sacrifice and devotion.
   - 句型：What引导主语从句；not... but...（不是……而是……）
   - 用法：what在主语从句中作宾语，not... but...连接两个并列表语

2. ★高考核心 It was her deep devotion to her patients that made her one of the most respected physicians in China.
   - 句型：强调句型 It was... that...
   - 用法：强调主语her deep devotion to her patients

3. She faced a dilemma: whether to pursue her own happiness or devote herself to serving others.
   - 句型：whether to do（是否要做……）
   - 用法：whether to do作同位语，解释dilemma的内容

4. ★高考核心 What surprised everyone was that she rejected the offer and chose to stay in the village.
   - 句型：What引导主语从句 + that引导表语从句
   - 用法：双重从句结构，what在主语从句中作主语

5. Rather than giving up, she overcame all the hardships with remarkable determination.
   - 句型：Rather than doing（而不是做……）
   - 用法：rather than引导对比结构，后接动名词

6. The fact that she never married shows how devoted she was to her career.
   - 句型：that引导同位语从句
   - 用法：that从句解释the fact的具体内容

7. ★高考核心 Not until she retired did she realize how much she had contributed to society.
   - 句型：Not until倒装结构
   - 用法：Not until置于句首时，主句部分倒装

8. Whichever path we choose in life, we should always hold on to our moral principles.
   - 句型：Whichever引导让步状语从句
   - 用法：whichever相当于no matter which

9. Had it not been for her determination, many lives would have been lost.
   - 句型：虚拟语气的倒装
   - 用法：省略if的虚拟条件句，had提前

10. What matters most in life is not what we gain, but what we give.

    • 句型：What引导主语从句 + not... but...结构
    • 用法：两个what从句分别作主语和表语

11. There are times when we must make difficult choices between personal interests and moral duties.

    • 句型：when引导定语从句
    • 用法：when修饰先行词times

12. It is generally believed that virtues such as honesty, kindness, and courage never go out of style.

    • 句型：It is believed that...（人们认为……）
    • 用法：It作形式主语，that从句为真正主语

Unit 3: Diverse Cultures¶

重点短语¶

必会句型与重点句子¶

1. ★高考核心 What makes San Francisco unique is its incredible cultural diversity.
   - 句型：What引导主语从句，what在从句中作主语

2. ★高考核心 It is said that over 50 languages are spoken in this neighborhood.
   - 句型：It is said that...（据说……），It作形式主语

3. There is no denying that cultural diversity enriches our society in countless ways.
   - 句型：There is no denying that...（不可否认……），固定句型

4. ★高考核心 It was in Chinatown that I first experienced authentic Chinese culture abroad.
   - 句型：强调句 It was... that...，强调地点状语

5. The more we learn about other cultures, the more we understand our own.
   - 句型：The + 比较级..., the + 比较级...

6. Walking through the streets of this diverse city, one can experience a mini world.
   - 句型：现在分词短语作状语

7. Immigrants have contributed to making this city what it is today.
   - 句型：contribute to doing，to是介词

8. ★高考核心 It was not until the Gold Rush that large numbers of Chinese immigrants arrived.
   - 句型：It was not until... that...（直到……才……）

9. Diverse cultures, when combined harmoniously, can create a vibrant society.
   - 句型：when combined过去分词作时间状语

10. Where there is cultural exchange, there is progress and innovation.

    • 句型：Where there is..., there is...，Where引导地点状语从句

11. It is diversity that gives this city its unique charm and endless vitality.

    • 句型：强调句，强调主语diversity

Unit 4: Space Exploration¶

重点短语¶

必会句型与重点句子¶

1. ★高考核心 It is exploring space that has led to many technological advances that benefit our daily lives.
   - 句型：强调句强调动名词短语 + that引导定语从句

2. ★高考核心 What makes space exploration so fascinating is the mystery of the unknown.
   - 句型：What引导主语从句，what在从句中作主语

3. Despite the enormous risks involved, humans have never stopped reaching for the stars.
   - 句型：Despite + n./doing，involved过去分词作后置定语

4. The more we explore space, the more we realize how little we know about the universe.
   - 句型：The + 比较级..., the + 比较级...

5. ★高考核心 It was in 1969 that humans first set foot on the Moon.
   - 句型：强调句，强调时间状语in 1969

6. Only by working together can nations achieve great things in space exploration.
   - 句型：Only + 状语置于句首引起倒装

7. There is no limit to what human beings can achieve when they are determined.
   - 句型：There is no limit to...，what引导宾语从句

8. Looking back at the history of space exploration, we can see how far we have come.
   - 句型：现在分词作状语

9. What started as a competition between nations has evolved into a collaborative effort.
   - 句型：What引导主语从句

10. It is believed that the data collected will help us understand the origins of the universe.

    • 句型：It is believed that...，It为形式主语

11. China has become one of the leading countries in space exploration, which is a source of great national pride.

    • 句型：非限制性定语从句，which指代整个句子

Unit 5: The Value of Money¶

重点短语¶

必会句型与重点句子¶

1. ★高考核心 It was a million pound bank note that Henry Adams found in the envelope.
   - 句型：强调句 It was... that...，强调宾语

2. ★高考核心 What surprised the brothers most was that Henry had no idea how he got the note.
   - 句型：What主语从句 + that表语从句

3. Never judge a person by their appearance, for wealth does not always indicate wisdom.
   - 句型：祈使句 + for并列连词表原因

4. Having no money was bad enough, but having a million pound note and not being able to use it was worse.
   - 句型：动名词短语作主语

5. ★高考核心 It is not money itself but how we use it that determines its value.
   - 句型：强调句 + not... but...结构

6. Were it not for the note, Henry would still be wandering the streets of London.
   - 句型：虚拟语气倒装（省略if）

7. The story tells us that true wealth lies not in what we have, but in who we are.
   - 句型：not in... but in...结构

8. ★高考核心 What makes the story fascinating is the contrast between poverty and wealth.
   - 句型：What引导主语从句

9. Money can buy a house, but not a home; it can buy medicine, but not health.
   - 句型：but not构成转折对比

10. Only when we realize that money is not everything can we find true happiness.

    • 句型：Only + 状语从句置于句首引起倒装

11. There is no denying that money plays an important role in modern society.

    • 句型：There is no denying that...（不可否认……）

四、语法知识详解¶

Unit 1: 情态动词表推测 ★高考核心¶

1. 基本概念¶

情态动词表推测是高考语法考查的高频考点，几乎每年必考。情态动词可以表达说话人对某一情况的可能性判断，按推测的肯定程度从强到弱排列为：

must > will > would > ought to > should > can > could > may > might

2. 各情态动词用法详解¶

（1）must 表肯定推测（”一定是；准是”）

• 用法：表示有根据的肯定推测，把握很大（90%以上）
• 结构：must + 动词原形（对现在/将来的推测）；must have done（对过去的推测）

例句：
- He must be at home now, for the light is on.（他现在一定在家，因为灯亮着。）
- ★高考核心：She must have finished her homework, for she is watching TV now.（她一定已经完成了作业，因为她现在正在看电视。）

（2）can't / couldn't 表否定推测（”不可能”）

• 用法：表示有根据的否定推测
• 结构：can't + 动词原形（现在/将来）；can't have done（过去）

例句：
- He can't be serious. Nobody would believe such a story.（他不可能是认真的。）
- ★高考核心：They can't have arrived yet — the plane hasn't landed.（他们不可能已经到了——飞机还没降落。）

（3）may / might / could 表可能性推测（”可能；也许”）

• 用法：表示把握不大的推测（30%-50%）
• 结构：may/might/could + 动词原形（现在/将来）；may/might/could have done（过去）

例句：
- He may/might be at the library now.（他现在可能在图书馆。）
- ★高考核心：You might have left your phone in the taxi.（你可能把手机落在出租车里了。）

（4）should / ought to 表合理推测（”按理说应该”）

• 用法：表示根据常理或预期的推测
• 例句：★高考核心：They should have reached the summit by now.（他们现在应该已经登顶了。）

（5）can 表理论上的可能性（”可能”）

• 用法：表示理论上的一般可能性，不涉及具体某次事件
• 例句：Smoking can cause lung cancer.（吸烟可能导致肺癌。）

3. 情态动词表推测的时态变化¶

4. 反意疑问句中的情态动词¶

★高考核心：当陈述部分含有表推测的情态动词时，反意疑问句的动词形式取决于推测的时间：

• He must be a doctor, isn't he?（推测现在，反意疑问用isn't）
• She must have finished it yesterday, didn't she?（推测过去且有过去时间，用didn't）
• They must have arrived by now, haven't they?（推测过去且强调完成，用haven't）

Unit 2: 名词性从句 ★高考核心¶

名词性从句包括四类：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。

1. 引导词分类¶

（1）连接词（只起连接作用，不在从句中充当成分）
- that：引导陈述句（在宾语从句中可省略）
- whether/if：引导一般疑问句（if不引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）

（2）连接代词（在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语等）
- who、whom、whose、what、which
- whatever、whoever、whichever

（3）连接副词（在从句中充当状语）
- when、where、why、how
- whenever、wherever、however

2. 主语从句¶

例句：
- ★高考核心：What surprised us most was that she declined the offer.
- What surprised us most 为主语从句，that she declined the offer 为表语从句
- That the earth is round is a well-known fact.（That置于句首不可省略）
- ★高考核心：It is well known that China has made great progress in science.
- It为形式主语，that从句为真正主语

常见句型：It is well known that... / It is reported that... / It is said that... / It is believed that... / It is important that... / It is a pity that... / It is no wonder that...

3. 宾语从句¶

例句：
- ★高考核心：I wonder whether/if he will come to the meeting tomorrow.
- She asked what had happened to the missing child.
- He is interested in how the machine works.（介词宾语从句）

注意规则：
- 宾语从句用陈述语序：I don't know where he lives.（不是where does he live）
- whether和if的区别：whether可用于所有名词性从句，if一般只用于宾语从句

4. 表语从句¶

例句：
- ★高考核心：The question is whether we can finish the task on time.
- This is what I have been looking for.
- The reason why he was late was that he missed the bus.（不能用because）
- That is why she decided to study medicine.

5. 同位语从句¶

常跟同位语从句的名词：fact, idea, news, hope, belief, doubt, question, suggestion, evidence, possibility

例句：
- ★高考核心：The news that he won the first prize excited everyone.
- There is no doubt that she is qualified for the job.

同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
- 同位语从句：that只起连接作用，不充当成分，不可省略
- The news that he passed the exam is true.（that解释news内容）
- 定语从句：that充当成分，作宾语时可省略
- The news that he told me is true.（that作told的宾语）

Unit 3: it的用法 ★高考核心¶

1. it作形式主语¶

用法：当真正的主语较长时，用it作形式主语

例句：
- ★高考核心：It is important for students to develop good study habits.（不定式作真正主语）
- It is no use crying over spilt milk.（动名词作真正主语）
- ★高考核心：It is well known that the Great Wall is a wonder of the world.（从句作真正主语）

常见结构：
| 结构 | 含义 |
|------|------|
| It is + adj. + for sb + to do sth | 对某人来说做某事是……的 |
| It is + adj. + of sb + to do sth | 某人做某事真是……（评价人品） |
| It takes sb + time + to do sth | 花某人多少时间做某事 |
| It is no use/good doing sth | 做某事没有用 |

2. it作形式宾语¶

例句：
- ★高考核心：I find it difficult to understand his accent.（it形式宾语，difficult宾补）
- She made it clear that she would not change her mind.
- We think it our duty to help those in need.

常用结构：主语 + think/make/find/feel/consider + it + adj./n. + to do/that从句

3. 强调句型 ★高考核心（必考）¶

结构：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其余部分

例句：
- 原句：John met Mary in the park yesterday.
- 强调主语：It was John that/who met Mary in the park yesterday.
- 强调地点：It was in the park that John met Mary yesterday.
- 强调时间：It was yesterday that John met Mary in the park.
- ★高考核心：It was not until he came back that I left.（强调not until）
- It was because he was ill that he didn't come.（强调原因状语从句）

判断方法：去掉It is/was... that/who...后，剩余部分仍能构成完整句子，即为强调句。

Unit 4: 动词-ing形式作主语/宾语/表语 ★高考核心¶

1. 动词-ing形式作主语¶

• ★高考核心：Exploring space has always been a dream of human beings.
• Learning a foreign language requires patience and perseverance.
• It is no use arguing with him about this matter.（it作形式主语）

2. 动词-ing形式作宾语¶

（1）只能接动名词作宾语的动词

★记忆口诀：“考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想，避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏”

核心动词：consider, suggest, advise, avoid, enjoy, finish, imagine, mind, practice, deny, admit, delay, escape, miss, keep on, risk, appreciate, resist

例句：
- ★高考核心：He suggested taking the early train.
- She couldn't help laughing at the funny story.

（2）+ doing 和 + to do 含义不同的动词

★高考核心：
| 动词 | + doing（已做） | + to do（未做） |
|------|---------|---------|
| remember | 记得做过 | 记得要做 |
| forget | 忘记做过 | 忘记要做 |
| regret | 后悔做过 | 遗憾要做 |
| stop | 停止正在做的 | 停下来去做 |
| try | 尝试做 | 努力做 |

（3）介词后接动名词
- look forward to seeing you（to是介词）
- ★高考核心：devote oneself to helping others

3. 动词-ing形式作表语¶

• My hobby is collecting stamps.（动名词作表语，表内容）
• ★高考核心：The news is exciting.（现在分词作表语，表特征）

Unit 5: 动词-ing形式作定语/状语/宾补 ★高考核心¶

1. 动词-ing形式作定语¶

单个分词前置：a sleeping baby, the rising sun, an exciting story

分词短语后置（相当于定语从句）：
- ★高考核心：The man talking to the teacher is our new principal. = The man who is talking to the teacher...

-ing与-ed区别：
- exciting news（令人兴奋的，修饰事物）
- excited people（感到兴奋的，修饰人）

2. 动词-ing形式作状语 ★高考核心¶

完成式：Having finished his homework, he went out to play.（先于主句完成）
否定式：Not knowing her number, I couldn't contact her.（Not + doing）

3. 动词-ing形式作宾补¶

常用动词：see, watch, hear, feel, notice, find, keep, leave, have, get

例句：
- ★高考核心：I found him reading a novel in the library.
- Don't keep the children waiting too long.

doing与do作宾补的区别：
- I saw him crossing the street.（强调动作正在进行）
- I saw him cross the street.（强调动作全过程完成）

五、必会文章（课文重点）¶

Unit 1: Why Do We Celebrate Festivals?（Reading and Thinking 重点段落）¶

课文段落一：节日的起源与共同特征¶

Festivals are celebrated all around the world. They have a wide range of origins, including the seasons of the year, religions, famous figures, and important events. Every festival has its different customs and unique charms. However, no matter how different they may seem, all festivals share one thing in common: they bring people together.

语言点分析：
1. have a wide range of origins — a wide range of（广泛的），range是本单元核心词汇
2. no matter how different they may seem — no matter how + adj. + 主谓，让步状语从句
3. share one thing in common — have sth in common（有共同点）
4. ★高考核心长难句：No matter how different they may seem, all festivals share one thing in common: they bring people together.
- 语法拆解：No matter how引导让步状语从句，主句为all festivals share one thing in common，冒号后为同位语

课文段落二：丰收节¶

Harvest festivals are celebrated in almost every culture. People gather to celebrate the agricultural harvest and express their gratitude for the year's abundance. In some European countries, people decorate churches with flowers and fruits, and hold community feasts. The custom of celebrating the harvest shows people's thankfulness for nature's gifts.

语言点分析：
1. gather to celebrate — gather（聚集），不定式表目的
2. express their gratitude for — express gratitude for（对……表达感谢），gratitude为★高考核心词
3. decorate... with... — decorate A with B（用B装饰A）
4. 重点句型：The custom of celebrating the harvest shows people's thankfulness for nature's gifts. — 动名词短语celebrating the harvest作介词宾语

课文段落三：节日的商业化¶

With the commercialization of festivals, some people argue that the original meanings of festivals are being lost. Businesses take advantage of festivals to make profits, and the focus has shifted from cultural traditions to commercial activities. Despite this trend, many people still believe that the true spirit of festivals can be preserved.

语言点分析：
1. commercialization — commercial→commercialize→commercialization（商业化）
2. take advantage of — 利用；趁机利用
3. make profits — 赚取利润
4. ★高考核心长难句：Despite this trend, many people still believe that the true spirit of festivals can be preserved. — Despite（尽管）引导让步状语，that引导宾语从句

Unit 2: Mother of Ten Thousand Babies（Reading and Thinking 重点段落）¶

课文段落一：林巧稚的选择¶

Dr. Lin Qiaozhi was known as the "mother of ten thousand babies," though she never had a child of her own. As a young woman, she chose to study medicine instead of following the traditional path of marriage. Her choice was not an easy one, but she was determined to devote her life to medicine and to the women and children she served.

语言点分析：
1. was known as — be known as（以……闻名/著称）
2. chose to study medicine instead of following — instead of doing（而不是做……）
3. was determined to — be determined to do（下定决心做……），determined为形容词
4. devote her life to — devote... to...（把……奉献给……），to是介词
5. ★高考核心长难句：Her choice was not an easy one, but she was determined to devote her life to medicine and to the women and children she served. — but连接两个并列分句，she served前省略了that/whom，为定语从句

课文段落二：道德困境¶

Throughout her career, Dr. Lin faced numerous moral dilemmas. She was once offered a position in a big city hospital, which would have given her wealth and fame. However, she rejected the offer, choosing instead to remain in the poor village where she was needed most. She believed that a physician's first duty was to the patients, not to personal advancement.

语言点分析：
1. faced numerous moral dilemmas — moral dilemma（道德困境），dilemma为核心词汇
2. which would have given her — 非限制性定语从句，which指代a position
3. rejected the offer — reject（拒绝），★高考核心词
4. choosing instead to remain — 现在分词作伴随状语
5. ★高考核心长难句：She believed that a physician's first duty was to the patients, not to personal advancement. — that引导宾语从句，not to personal advancement与to the patients并列

Unit 3: Diverse Cultures — Welcome to Chinatown!（Reading and Thinking 重点段落）¶

San Francisco is a city that truly represents cultural diversity. Walking through its streets, one can experience a mini world. Chinatown, one of the oldest and most famous in North America, is a vibrant community where Chinese traditions and American culture blend together. The residents here have worked hard to preserve their cultural heritage while adapting to life in a new country.

语言点分析：
1. that truly represents cultural diversity — that引导定语从句，修饰a city
2. Walking through its streets — 现在分词短语作时间状语
3. blend together — 融合在一起
4. while adapting to — while + 现在分词，adapt to（适应）
5. ★高考核心长难句：Chinatown, one of the oldest and most famous in North America, is a vibrant community where Chinese traditions and American culture blend together. — one of the oldest...是同位语，where引导定语从句

Unit 4: Space: The Final Frontier（Reading and Thinking 重点段落）¶

课文段落一：太空探索的历程¶

Ever since the beginning of time, humans have looked up at the stars and wondered what lay beyond. It was not until the mid-20th century that space exploration truly began. In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first satellite into orbit. These achievements represented enormous leaps forward for humanity.

语言点分析：
1. wondered what lay beyond — what引导宾语从句
2. ★高考核心：It was not until the mid-20th century that space exploration truly began. — 强调句型强调not until
3. launched... into orbit — launch... into...（把……发射进入轨道）
4. enormous leaps forward — a leap forward（飞跃），enormous（巨大的）

课文段落二：太空探索的价值¶

Exploring space has led to numerous technological advances that benefit our daily lives. Satellite technology enables us to communicate globally, predict weather patterns, and navigate with precision. Moreover, space exploration inspires young people to pursue careers in science and technology, driving innovation and progress. Despite the enormous costs, the benefits far outweigh the expenses.

语言点分析：
1. Exploring space has led to — 动名词短语作主语，谓语用单数has
2. that benefit our daily lives — that引导定语从句
3. enables us to communicate — enable sb to do（使某人能够做）
4. driving innovation and progress — 现在分词作结果状语
5. ★高考核心长难句：Despite the enormous costs, the benefits far outweigh the expenses. — Despite+名词，far outweigh（远超）

Unit 5: The Million Pound Bank Note（Reading and Thinking 重点段落）¶

课文段落一：亨利·亚当斯的奇遇¶

Henry Adams, an American businessman, found himself stranded in London without a penny. While wandering aimlessly outside the American consulate, he was spotted by two wealthy brothers who made a bet. The brothers gave Henry an envelope containing a million pound bank note, telling him only that he must not open it until two o'clock.

语言点分析：
1. found himself stranded — find +宾语+宾补，过去分词stranded作宾补
2. While wandering aimlessly — While + 现在分词
3. was spotted by — spot（发现；认出），★高考核心词
4. who made a bet — 定语从句修饰brothers
5. containing a million pound bank note — 现在分词短语作后置定语
6. telling him only that... — 现在分词作伴随状语，that引导宾语从句
7. ★高考核心长难句：The brothers gave Henry an envelope containing a million pound bank note, telling him only that he must not open it until two o'clock.

课文段落二：金钱与品格¶

The story of Henry Adams raises an important question: does money reveal a person's true character, or does it change it? When Henry entered the restaurant in rags, he was treated with indifference. But once the restaurant owner discovered the bank note, his attitude changed dramatically. This contrast illustrates that people often judge others by their wealth rather than their character.

语言点分析：
1. raises an important question — raise a question（提出问题）
2. in rags — 衣衫褴褛
3. was treated with indifference — treat sb with...（以……态度对待某人）
4. judge others by their wealth rather than their character — judge by（根据……判断），rather than（而不是）
5. 重点句型：This contrast illustrates that people often judge others by their wealth rather than their character. — that引导宾语从句

六、阅读材料（拓展阅读）¶

阅读材料一：The Spring Festival — More Than Just a Holiday¶

The Spring Festival, commonly known as Chinese New Year, is the most important traditional festival in China. It marks the beginning of the lunar new year and is a time for family reunions. But beyond the red decorations, the fireworks, and the delicious food, the Spring Festival carries a much deeper cultural significance.

The origins of the Spring Festival date back thousands of years. According to legend, a fearsome monster called "Nian" would terrorize villages at the end of each year. The people eventually discovered that Nian was afraid of three things: the color red, loud noises, and bright lights. This is why red decorations, firecrackers, and lanterns have become essential elements of the celebration.

Today, the Spring Festival is celebrated in various ways across China. In the north, families gather to make dumplings together on New Year's Eve, while in the south, people often eat rice cakes and sweet dumplings. Despite these regional differences, the core values remain the same: gratitude for the past year, hope for the coming year, and the importance of family bonds.

Interestingly, the Spring Festival has crossed cultural boundaries and is now celebrated in many countries around the world. Cities like London, New York, and Sydney host grand celebrations featuring dragon dances, lantern festivals, and cultural performances. This global recognition reflects the growing influence of Chinese culture and the universal appeal of family togetherness.

However, some people worry that the festival is becoming overly commercialized. They argue that the focus has shifted from family gatherings to buying expensive gifts and giving large red envelopes. While it is true that modern celebrations involve more spending, the fundamental spirit of the Spring Festival — love, gratitude, and family — continues to endure in the hearts of Chinese people everywhere.

阅读理解题：

1. According to the legend, the monster “Nian” was afraid of all the following EXCEPT ___.
   A. the color red B. loud noises C. bright lights D. the sound of drums

2. What is the main difference between Spring Festival celebrations in northern and southern China?
   A. The dates of the celebration B. The types of traditional food
   C. The colors of decorations D. The number of days celebrated

3. The global celebration of the Spring Festival in cities like London and New York shows that ___.
   A. the festival has lost its original meaning
   B. Chinese culture has growing international influence
   C. the festival is primarily a commercial event
   D. only Chinese people celebrate the festival

4. What is the author’s attitude toward the commercialization of the Spring Festival?
   A. Completely opposed B. Fully supportive C. Balanced and objective D. Indifferent

5. What is the main idea of the passage?
   A. The Spring Festival is becoming too commercialized
   B. The Spring Festival has deep cultural significance beyond its celebrations
   C. The Spring Festival is only celebrated in China
   D. The Spring Festival origin is based entirely on the Nian legend

参考答案：1-5 DBBCB

阅读材料二：The Trolley Problem — A Moral Dilemma¶

One of the most famous moral dilemmas in philosophy is the "Trolley Problem." Imagine you are standing next to a train track, and you see a runaway trolley heading toward five people who are tied to the track. You have access to a lever that can divert the trolley to a side track. However, there is one person tied to that side track. What should you do?

This scenario, first introduced by philosopher Philippa Foot in 1967, has sparked decades of debate. Those who believe in utilitarianism—the idea that the right action is the one that produces the greatest good for the greatest number—argue that you should pull the lever. After all, saving five lives is better than saving one.

However, opponents of this view argue that actively pulling the lever makes you responsible for the death of the one person on the side track. If you do nothing, the five deaths are the result of an unfortunate accident. But if you pull the lever, you have actively chosen to end one person's life. This perspective emphasizes the distinction between "doing harm" and "allowing harm to happen."

The Trolley Problem may seem like a purely theoretical exercise, but it has real-world applications. It is relevant to the programming of self-driving cars, which must be designed to make split-second decisions in emergency situations. Should a self-driving car swerve to avoid hitting five pedestrians if doing so would mean hitting one pedestrian on the sidewalk?

What the Trolley Problem ultimately teaches us is that moral choices are rarely simple. Even when we think we know what the "right" answer is, the consequences of our actions can be complex and far-reaching. The best we can do is to approach moral dilemmas with careful thought, empathy, and a willingness to consider multiple perspectives.

阅读理解题：

1. According to utilitarianism, what should you do in the Trolley Problem?
   A. Do nothing B. Pull the lever to divert the trolley
   C. Run away D. Try to stop the trolley

2. What is the main argument of those who oppose pulling the lever?
   A. One life is worth more than five lives
   B. Actively pulling the lever makes you responsible for a death
   C. The trolley cannot be diverted
   D. The five people deserve to be saved

3. The Trolley Problem is relevant to self-driving cars because ___.
   A. self-driving cars often get into accidents
   B. self-driving cars must be programmed to make moral decisions in emergencies
   C. self-driving cars are too expensive
   D. self-driving cars cannot be trusted

4. The word “utilitarianism” in the passage refers to the idea that ___.
   A. all actions are equally moral
   B. the right action produces the greatest good for the greatest number
   C. morality is impossible to define
   D. only intentions matter in moral judgment

5. What is the author’s main message in the last paragraph?
   A. Moral choices are always simple
   B. Moral choices are complex and require careful consideration
   C. The Trolley Problem has no solution
   D. Philosophy is useless in real life

参考答案：1-5 BBBBB

阅读材料三：The Golden Gate to Diversity¶

San Francisco, a city perched on the edge of the Pacific Ocean, is often described as one of the most culturally diverse cities in the world. With a population that speaks more than 35 languages, the city is a living museum of human cultures, each contributing its own unique colors to the urban canvas.

The diversity of San Francisco can be traced back to the mid-1800s, when the Gold Rush attracted fortune seekers from around the globe. Chinese immigrants arrived to build railroads and work in mines. Italians came to fish and farm. Mexicans, Japanese, Filipinos, and many others followed, each bringing their customs, cuisine, and traditions. Over time, these communities settled in distinct neighborhoods, creating a mosaic of cultural enclaves.

Chinatown, the largest Chinese community outside Asia, is perhaps the most famous of these neighborhoods. Walking through its crowded streets, visitors are surrounded by Chinese architecture, herbal medicine shops, and restaurants serving authentic dim sum. Yet Chinatown is not merely a tourist attraction—it is a living community where generations of Chinese Americans have preserved their heritage while contributing to the broader American society.

The Mission District, on the other hand, is the heart of San Francisco's Latino community. Its walls are covered with colorful murals that tell stories of struggle, hope, and cultural pride. The smell of fresh tortillas fills the air, and the sound of mariachi music drifts from open windows. Here, Mexican and Central American traditions thrive alongside American life.

What makes San Francisco truly remarkable is not just that these diverse communities exist side by side, but that they continually influence and enrich one another. Fusion restaurants combine Chinese and Mexican cuisines. Art galleries feature works that blend Eastern and Western styles. Young people growing up in this environment naturally develop a global perspective, seeing diversity not as a challenge but as a strength.

However, maintaining this diversity has not been without challenges. Rising housing costs have forced many long-time residents out of their neighborhoods. Some fear that the unique cultural character of these communities may fade. Yet, the spirit of diversity remains strong, fueled by new waves of immigrants who arrive every year, adding new threads to the city's ever-evolving cultural fabric.

阅读理解题：

1. What initially caused the cultural diversity of San Francisco?
   A. The Gold Rush in the mid-1800s B. The construction of the Golden Gate Bridge
   C. The development of technology D. The establishment of universities

2. According to the passage, Chinatown in San Francisco is ___.
   A. only a tourist attraction
   B. a living community that preserves Chinese heritage
   C. the smallest neighborhood in the city
   D. no longer inhabited by Chinese Americans

3. What can visitors experience in the Mission District?
   A. Chinese herbal medicine shops B. Italian restaurants and fishing boats
   C. Colorful murals and mariachi music D. Japanese gardens and temples

4. What does the author identify as a threat to San Francisco’s diversity?
   A. Decreasing immigration rates
   B. Rising housing costs forcing residents out
   C. Natural disasters
   D. Cultural conflicts between communities

5. What is the author’s overall tone in the passage?
   A. Critical and pessimistic B. Admiring and balanced
   C. Neutral and emotionless D. Humorous and sarcastic

参考答案：1-5 ABCBB

阅读材料四：Reaching for the Stars — The Future of Space Exploration¶

When Neil Armstrong set foot on the Moon in 1969 and declared, "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind," few could have imagined what the next five decades of space exploration would bring. Today, space agencies around the world are setting their sights on even more ambitious goals: establishing permanent bases on the Moon, sending humans to Mars, and searching for signs of life beyond our solar system.

China has emerged as a major player in space exploration. In recent years, the country has successfully landed a rover on the far side of the Moon—the first nation ever to do so—launched its own space station, and sent a probe to Mars. These achievements reflect China's determination to become a leading force in space science and technology.

One of the most exciting developments in space exploration is the involvement of private companies. Companies like SpaceX have dramatically reduced the cost of space travel by developing reusable rockets. This has opened up new possibilities for commercial space flight, satellite deployment, and even space tourism. Some visionaries talk about colonizing Mars within the next few decades, turning science fiction into reality.

However, space exploration is not without its critics. Some argue that the enormous sums of money spent on space missions could be better used to solve problems on Earth, such as poverty, disease, and climate change. They question whether the benefits of exploring Mars or distant planets justify the costs, especially when there are so many pressing needs at home.

Supporters of space exploration counter this argument by pointing out that space technology benefits life on Earth in countless ways. Satellite monitoring helps track deforestation, predict natural disasters, and manage agricultural resources. Medical research conducted in microgravity has led to breakthroughs in understanding human health. Moreover, the inspiration that space exploration provides to young people—encouraging them to study science, technology, engineering, and mathematics—has immeasurable long-term value.

Perhaps the most profound argument for space exploration is philosophical. As Carl Sagan once said, "Exploration is in our nature. We began as wanderers, and we are wanderers still." The desire to understand our place in the universe—to know whether we are alone, to comprehend the origins of existence—may be the most fundamentally human drive of all. In reaching for the stars, we are ultimately reaching for a deeper understanding of ourselves.

阅读理解题：

1. What achievement made China the first nation to land on the far side of the Moon?
   A. Launching a space station
   B. Landing a rover on the far side of the Moon
   C. Sending a probe to Mars
   D. Developing reusable rockets

2. How have private companies like SpaceX changed space exploration?
   A. They have stopped all government space programs
   B. They have reduced the cost of space travel with reusable rockets
   C. They have made space travel impossible
   D. They have colonized Mars already

3. What is the main argument of critics of space exploration?
   A. Space technology is useless
   B. The money could be better spent solving problems on Earth
   C. Space exploration is too dangerous
   D. Private companies should control all space missions

4. According to supporters, how does space technology benefit life on Earth?
   A. It does not benefit life on Earth at all
   B. It helps with satellite monitoring, medical research, and inspiring young people
   C. It only benefits wealthy countries
   D. It solves all of Earth’s problems

5. What does Carl Sagan’s quote suggest about space exploration?
   A. It is a waste of time and money
   B. It is a fundamental part of human nature
   C. It should only be done by governments
   D. It will eventually replace life on Earth

参考答案：1-5 BBBBB

阅读材料五：Can Money Buy Happiness?¶

The relationship between money and happiness has puzzled philosophers, economists, and ordinary people for centuries. "Money can't buy happiness," the old saying goes, yet most of us spend a significant portion of our lives trying to earn more of it. So what is the truth about wealth and well-being?

Research suggests that the answer is more nuanced than the popular saying implies. A landmark study conducted by Princeton University in 2010 found that people's emotional well-being does increase with income, but only up to a certain point. Once a person's annual income reaches approximately $75,000, additional money does not significantly increase daily happiness.

This finding makes sense when we consider what money can and cannot do. Money can provide security—adequate food, safe housing, quality healthcare, and access to education. However, once basic needs are met, the relationship between money and happiness becomes weaker. People who pursue wealth for its own sake often find themselves on a "hedonic treadmill"—constantly wanting more but never feeling satisfied.

Interestingly, research also shows that how we spend money matters more than how much we have. People who spend money on experiences—travel, concerts, dinners with friends—report greater happiness than those who spend on material goods. Furthermore, spending money on others, known as "prosocial spending," has been shown to increase happiness more than spending on oneself. This finding echoes the wisdom found in many cultural traditions: generosity brings more joy than accumulation.

Perhaps the most important insight is that happiness depends less on what we have and more on who we are. Money can open doors, but it is our character, our relationships, and our sense of purpose that determine whether we walk through those doors with genuine joy.

阅读理解题：

1. What did the Princeton University study find about income and happiness?
   A. More money always equals more happiness
   B. Happiness increases with income only up to approximately $75,000
   C. Money has no effect on happiness at all
   D. Poor people are always happier than rich people

2. According to the passage, what can money provide?
   A. Lasting joy and permanent happiness
   B. Security, adequate food, and access to education
   C. True love and genuine friendship
   D. Solutions to all life’s problems

3. What is the “hedonic treadmill”?
   A. A type of exercise equipment
   B. The tendency to constantly want more without feeling satisfied
   C. A method of earning more money
   D. A philosophical concept about poverty

4. According to research, which type of spending leads to greater happiness?
   A. Spending on material goods
   B. Spending on experiences and on others
   C. Saving all money in the bank
   D. Spending only on oneself

5. What is the main message of the passage?
   A. Money is the key to happiness
   B. Money can provide security but cannot buy lasting happiness
   C. People should avoid earning money
   D. Only poor people can be truly happy

参考答案：1-5 BBBBB

七、优秀范文与必会练习¶

（一）优秀范文¶

范文1：节日文化对比（议论文）¶

题目：中秋节的庆祝方式在中西方有所不同，请就此写一篇短文，比较中西方庆祝中秋节的差异。

It is widely acknowledged that the Mid-Autumn Festival, one of the most significant traditional Chinese festivals, represents family reunion and gratitude. However, with increasing cultural exchange, this festival is now celebrated in various ways around the world.

In China, families gather together on this special night to admire the full moon, share delicious mooncakes, and express their love and gratitude for one another. The roundness of both the moon and the mooncakes symbolizes completeness and unity. What makes the festival truly meaningful is not the food itself, but the precious moments shared with loved ones.

Interestingly, in some Western countries with large Chinese communities, the Mid-Autumn Festival has developed a new character. While preserving traditional activities like lantern-making and mooncake-sharing, these celebrations often include multicultural elements such as music performances, art exhibitions, and community fairs. It is this combination of tradition and innovation that makes the festival increasingly popular worldwide.

In conclusion, although the ways of celebrating may differ, the core value of the Mid-Autumn Festival—family love and gratitude—remains universal. Only by embracing both tradition and diversity can we truly appreciate the charm of this ancient festival.

高分句型标注：
- It is widely acknowledged that...（人们普遍认为……）— 形式主语
- What makes the festival truly meaningful is not... but...（真正让节日有意义的是不是……而是……）— 主语从句 + not... but...
- It is this combination... that makes...（正是这种结合使得……）— 强调句型
- Only by... can we...（只有通过……我们才能……）— 倒装结构
- 高级词汇：significant, acknowledged, symbolizes, completeness, preserve, embrace

范文2：道德选择与美德（记叙文）¶

题目：请以”An Unforgettable Choice”为题，写一篇记叙文。

An Unforgettable Choice

Every person encounters moments in life when they must make a difficult choice between what is easy and what is right. For me, such a moment came on a cold winter evening last year.

Walking home from school, I noticed a wallet lying on the sidewalk. Having seen no one around, I could have easily kept it. However, deep inside, I knew that keeping what did not belong to me was wrong. Remembering what my parents had taught me about honesty, I decided to take the wallet to the nearest police station. The officers managed to contact the owner—a young woman who had been frantic with worry. She explained that the money was for her mother’s medical treatment. At that moment, I realized that my small act of honesty had made a tremendous difference.

Looking back, I am grateful for the choice I made that day. It taught me that having the courage to do the right thing, even when it is difficult, is what defines who we are. After all, true wealth lies not in what we possess, but in the integrity of our character.

高分句型标注：
- Having seen no one around（看到周围没人后）— 现在分词完成式作状语
- Remembering what my parents had taught me（想起父母教给我的话）— 现在分词 + 宾语从句
- true wealth lies not in... but in...（真正的财富不在于……而在于……）— not... but...
- 高级词汇：encounters, frantic, gratitude, tremendous, integrity

范文3：多元文化体验（书信）¶

题目：你的英国笔友Tom来信说他将来到你所在的城市交流学习，请写一封回信介绍你所在城市的多元文化特色。

Dear Tom,

I am thrilled to hear that you will be coming to study in our city! I can’t wait to show you around and help you experience the incredible cultural diversity that makes our city so unique.

Our city is truly a melting pot of cultures. Walking through different neighborhoods, you will feel as if you are traveling the world. The food street downtown offers cuisines from over twenty countries—everything from authentic Chinese dumplings to Italian pasta and Mexican tacos. What fascinates most visitors is how these diverse cultures live in harmony with one another, each contributing to the city’s vibrant atmosphere.

To make the most of your stay, I recommend visiting Chinatown during the Spring Festival, exploring the art galleries in the cultural district, and attending the monthly cultural exchange fair. It is through these experiences that you will truly understand what makes our city special.

Please let me know when you arrive, and I will pick you up at the airport. Looking forward to seeing you soon!

Yours sincerely,
Li Hua

高分句型标注：
- What fascinates most visitors is how...（最令游客着迷的是……如何……）— 主语从句 + 表语从句
- It is through these experiences that you will truly understand...（正是通过这些经历你才能真正理解……）— 强调句
- 高级词汇：thrilled, incredible, authentic, vibrant, recommend

范文4：太空探索的意义（议论文）¶

题目：有人认为太空探索浪费金钱，有人认为太空探索意义重大。请就此写一篇议论文。

Is Space Exploration Worth the Cost?

There has been an ongoing debate about whether space exploration is worth the enormous costs involved. While some argue that the money could be better spent on Earth’s problems, I firmly believe that space exploration is an investment in humanity’s future.

First and foremost, space exploration has led to countless technological advances that benefit our daily lives. Satellite technology, originally developed for space missions, now enables us to predict weather, communicate globally, and navigate with precision. It is these spin-off technologies that demonstrate the practical value of space research.

Furthermore, exploring space inspires young people to pursue careers in science and engineering. What could be more motivating for a student than the dream of one day walking on Mars? This inspiration drives innovation and progress that ultimately benefit society as a whole.

Admittedly, the costs of space exploration are significant. However, considering the long-term benefits—technological innovation, scientific discovery, and the possibility of finding new resources—the investment is well justified.

In conclusion, space exploration is not a luxury we cannot afford, but a necessity we cannot ignore. Only by continuing to push the boundaries of human knowledge can we ensure a better future for generations to come.

高分句型标注：
- whether space exploration is worth the enormous costs（太空探索是否值得其巨大成本）— 宾语从句
- It is these spin-off technologies that demonstrate...（正是这些衍生技术证明了……）— 强调句
- What could be more motivating... than...（还有什么比……更激励人的呢？）— 主语从句
- not a luxury we cannot afford, but a necessity we cannot ignore（不是负担不起的奢侈品，而是不能忽视的必需品）— not... but...
- Only by... can we...（只有通过……我们才能……）— 倒装结构
- 高级词汇：ongoing, investment, abandon, precision, justified

范文5：金钱与幸福的辩证关系（议论文）¶

题目：金钱能买到幸福吗？请写一篇议论文。

Can Money Buy Happiness?

The relationship between money and happiness has long been a subject of debate. While some believe that wealth is the key to a happy life, others insist that money has nothing to do with genuine happiness. In my view, the truth lies somewhere in between.

It would be naive to deny that money plays an important role in our well-being. Having sufficient financial resources provides security, eliminates the stress of poverty, and gives us access to education and healthcare. For those struggling to meet basic needs, additional income undoubtedly improves their quality of life.

However, what we must recognize is that beyond a certain point, more money does not necessarily mean more happiness. Studies have consistently shown that people who pursue wealth for its own sake often end up feeling empty and unsatisfied. It is the quality of our relationships, not the quantity of our possessions, that ultimately determines our sense of fulfillment.

Moreover, how we use money matters far more than how much we have. Spending money on experiences rather than material goods, and sharing our resources with others, has been proven to bring greater and more lasting joy.

In conclusion, money is a tool, not an end. It can open doors, but it is our character, our relationships, and our sense of purpose that determine whether we walk through those doors with genuine happiness. True wealth, after all, is measured not by what we have, but by who we are.

高分句型标注：
- It would be naive to deny that...（否认……是幼稚的）— 形式主语 + 宾语从句
- what we must recognize is that...（我们必须认识到的是……）— 主语从句 + 表语从句
- It is the quality..., not the quantity..., that ultimately determines...（正是……的品质，而非……的数量，最终决定了……）— 强调句 + not... but...
- True wealth is measured not by what we have, but by who we are（真正的财富不是用我们拥有的来衡量，而是用我们是谁来衡量）— not... but...
- 高级词汇：naive, sufficient, eliminates, consistently, fulfillment

范文6：节日庆祝的演讲（演讲稿）¶

题目：假设你是学生会主席，在学校举办的”中外文化节”开幕式上发表演讲。

Good morning, teachers and fellow students,

It is my great honor to stand here today at the opening ceremony of our school’s International Cultural Festival. Today, we celebrate not just one culture, but the beautiful diversity of cultures that enriches our world.

Why do we celebrate festivals? The answer is simple: festivals bring us together. Whether it is the Spring Festival, Christmas, Diwali, or Ramadan, every festival shares the same universal values—love, gratitude, and hope. What makes our International Cultural Festival so special is that it gives us the opportunity to experience these values through the lens of different cultures.

Through the activities of this festival—food tasting, music performances, art exhibitions, and cultural workshops—we will not only learn about other cultures but also gain a deeper appreciation of our own. It is by understanding others that we truly begin to understand ourselves.

I encourage each of you to participate actively, to try new things, and to approach every experience with an open mind and an open heart. Remember that diversity is not a source of division, but a strength that makes our community more vibrant and dynamic.

Let us celebrate our differences while cherishing our common humanity. Together, we can build a more inclusive and harmonious world.

Thank you, and enjoy the festival!

高分句型标注：
- It is my great honor to stand here today（今天能站在这里是我的荣幸）— 形式主语
- What makes our International Cultural Festival so special is that...（使得我们国际文化节如此特别的是……）— 主语从句 + 表语从句
- It is by understanding others that we truly begin to understand ourselves（正是通过理解他人，我们才开始理解自己）— 强调句
- 高级词汇：honor, diversity, universal, appreciation, inclusive, harmonious

范文7：美德故事读后感（议论文）¶

题目：读完林巧稚医生的故事后，请写一篇短文，谈谈你的感悟。

The Power of Selfless Devotion

After reading the story of Dr. Lin Qiaozhi, I was deeply moved by her extraordinary life of selfless devotion. Known as the “mother of ten thousand babies,” Dr. Lin chose a path that few would have the courage to follow, and in doing so, she left a legacy that continues to inspire.

What struck me most was the difficult choice she faced as a young woman. In an era when women were expected to marry and raise families, she chose to devote herself to medicine instead. It was her deep sense of responsibility toward her patients that gave her the strength to overcome every obstacle. She rejected prestigious offers and comfortable positions, choosing instead to serve the poor and the needy.

Her story teaches us that true greatness lies not in personal achievement, but in what we give to others. While many people spend their lives pursuing wealth and fame, Dr. Lin found meaning and fulfillment in serving others. The fact that she never married or had children of her own only makes her devotion more remarkable—she gave her motherly love to thousands of babies and their mothers.

As high school students, we can learn from her example by putting others before ourselves, by being determined in the face of difficulties, and by dedicating ourselves to a cause greater than our own self-interest. In a world that often values material success above all else, Dr. Lin’s story reminds us that the most meaningful life is one lived in service to others.

高分句型标注：
- What struck me most was the difficult choice she faced（最令我震撼的是她的艰难选择）— 主语从句
- It was her deep sense of responsibility... that gave her the strength（正是她深深的责任感给了她力量）— 强调句
- true greatness lies not in..., but in...（真正的伟大不在于……而在于……）— not... but...
- The fact that she never married...（她从未结婚这一事实……）— 同位语从句
- 高级词汇：selfless, devotion, extraordinary, legacy, prestigious, dedicating

范文8：太空探索与中国贡献（议论文）¶

题目：中国载人航天工程取得巨大成就，请写一篇短文介绍中国太空探索的成就。

China’s Remarkable Journey into Space

China’s space program has come a long way since its humble beginnings, evolving into one of the world’s leading space exploration programs. From launching its first satellite in 1970 to building its own space station, China has demonstrated remarkable determination and capability.

What makes China’s achievements particularly impressive is the speed of its progress. In just a few decades, China has become one of the few countries capable of independent manned spaceflight. The successful landing of the Chang’e probes on the Moon, the Tianwen-1 mission to Mars, and the construction of the Tiangong space station—all these accomplishments represent enormous leaps forward.

It is worth noting that China’s space program is not just about national pride. The technologies developed through space exploration have practical applications that benefit millions of people. Satellite navigation, weather forecasting, disaster monitoring, and agricultural management all rely on space technology. Furthermore, China has expressed its willingness to cooperate with other nations, sharing data and opening its space station to international experiments.

However, some people question whether the enormous investment in space exploration is justified. I believe it is. Space exploration pushes the boundaries of human knowledge, inspires the next generation of scientists and engineers, and contributes to technological progress that benefits society as a whole.

As a Chinese student, I feel proud of my country’s achievements in space. Looking to the future, I am confident that China will continue to make significant contributions to humanity’s exploration of the universe. After all, the stars belong to all of us, and it is together that we should reach for them.

高分句型标注：
- What makes China's achievements particularly impressive is the speed of its progress（使中国成就格外令人印象深刻的是其发展速度）— 主语从句
- It is worth noting that...（值得注意的是……）— 形式主语
- It is together that we should reach for them（我们应该携手去追寻星辰）— 强调句
- 高级词汇：humble, evolving, capability, impressive, accomplishments, justified

（二）必会练习¶

Unit 1 练习题¶

一、单项选择

1. — Where is Tom? He ______ be in the library. He said he would study there.
   A. must B. can C. might D. should

2. The traditions of this festival ______ back to over a thousand years ago.
   A. date B. dates C. dating D. dated

3. ______ different cultures may seem, they all share the desire for joy and togetherness.
   A. No matter what B. No matter how C. However D. Whichever

4. It is believed ______ the festival originated from an ancient harvest celebration.
   A. that B. which C. what D. whether

5. ______ in colorful costumes, the children paraded through the streets.
   A. Dressing B. Dressed C. Having dressed D. To dress

二、语法填空

The Spring Festival, 1. __ (know) as Chinese New Year, is the most important traditional holiday in China. It 2. _ (celebrate) by millions of people around the world. Families gather together 3. (share) a reunion dinner on New Year’s Eve. Children receive red 4. (envelope) containing money, 5. symbolizes good luck. Despite the 6. (commercial) of the festival in recent years, its cultural significance remains strong. What makes the festival 7. (true) special is not the food or the gifts, 8. ___ the love and warmth shared among family members.

三、句子翻译

1. 无论现代社会如何发展，节日的文化意义不会消退。（no matter how）
2. 众所周知，春节是中国最重要的传统节日。（It is well known that…）
3. 正是在节日期间，我们才能真正感受到家庭的温暖。（强调句）

参考答案：
一、1-5 DABAB（1.D 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.B）
二、1. known 2. is celebrated 3. to share 4. envelopes 5. which 6. commercialization 7. truly 8. but
三、1. No matter how modern our society becomes, the cultural significance of festivals will not fade away. 2. It is well known that the Spring Festival is the most important traditional festival in China. 3. It is during festivals that we can truly feel the warmth of family.

Unit 2 练习题¶

一、单项选择

1. ______ surprised us most was that she rejected the lucrative offer.
   A. That B. What C. Which D. Whether

2. The question is ______ we can find a solution to this moral dilemma.
   A. that B. whether C. what D. which

3. It was her devotion to her patients ______ made her a legendary figure.
   A. that B. which C. what D. who

4. ______ he said at the meeting is of great importance.
   A. That B. What C. Which D. When

5. The news ______ she won the award spread quickly.
   A. that B. which C. what D. when

二、语法填空

Dr. Lin Qiaozhi was a remarkable woman 1. __ devoted her entire life to medicine. 2. _ (face) with numerous moral dilemmas, she always chose to put her patients first. The fact 3. she never married surprised many people, but she explained 4. her career was her family. 5. (determine) to help as many women and children as possible, she worked tirelessly until her final days. What we can learn from her story is 6. true happiness comes from 7. (serve) others, not from 8. ___ (pursue) personal wealth.

三、句子翻译

1. 令所有人惊讶的是，她选择了留在农村而不是去大城市。（What… was that…）
2. 直到她退休，她才意识到自己为社会做出了多大贡献。（Not until… 倒装）
3. 她一生致力于帮助穷人的事实是众所周知的。（同位语从句）

参考答案：
一、1-5 BBA B A（1.B 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.A）
二、1. who 2. Faced 3. that 4. that 5. Determined 6. that 7. serving 8. pursuing
三、1. What surprised everyone was that she chose to stay in the countryside rather than go to the big city. 2. Not until she retired did she realize how much she had contributed to society. 3. The fact that she devoted her life to helping the poor is well known.

Unit 3 练习题¶

一、单项选择

1. I find ______ important to understand different cultural backgrounds.
   A. that B. this C. it D. which

2. ______ makes this city unique is its incredible cultural diversity.
   A. That B. What C. Which D. Whether

3. It was in Chinatown ______ I first tasted authentic Chinese food abroad.
   A. that B. which C. where D. in which

4. __ more we learn about other cultures, ____ more we understand our own.
   A. The; the B. A; a C. /; / D. The; /

5. It is reported ______ over 50 languages are spoken in this neighborhood.
   A. that B. which C. what D. whether

二、语法填空

San Francisco is a city known 1. __ its cultural diversity. Walking through 2. _ (it) streets, one can experience cultures from around the world. It 3. (estimate) that people from over 30 countries have settled here. What makes the city 4. (true) special is 5. different cultures live in harmony with one another. It 6. (be) the Gold Rush that brought the first wave of immigrants to this area. Today, the city continues 7. (attract) people from all over the globe, each 8. ___ (contribute) to its rich cultural fabric.

三、七选五阅读

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

Cultural diversity is one of the greatest treasures of our modern world. 1 Here are some reasons why we should embrace it.

First, cultural diversity promotes creativity and innovation. 2 Different perspectives lead to new ideas and solutions that might not emerge in a homogeneous society.

Second, learning about other cultures helps us understand our own better. 3 It is by comparing our customs with those of others that we gain fresh insights into our own traditions.

4 In today’s globalized world, the ability to communicate with people from different backgrounds is a crucial skill.

In conclusion, cultural diversity is not a challenge to be overcome but a strength to be celebrated. 5

A. When people from different cultural backgrounds work together, they bring unique perspectives.
B. Only by embracing diversity can we build a more inclusive and harmonious world.
C. It enriches our lives in countless ways.
D. Finally, cultural diversity prepares us for a globalized world.
E. We often take our own culture for granted until we see it from an outsider’s perspective.

参考答案：
一、1-5 CBAAA
二、1. for 2. its 3. is estimated 4. truly 5. that 6. was 7. to attract 8. contributing
三、1-5 CAEDB

Unit 4 练习题¶

一、单项选择

1. ______ is well known that China has made great achievements in space exploration.
   A. As B. It C. What D. That

2. ______ on the Moon in 1969 was a giant leap for mankind.
   A. To land B. Landed C. Landing D. Having landed

3. Having ______ all the data, the scientists published their findings.
   A. analyse B. analysing C. analyzed D. to analyse

4. Only by ______ together can we achieve great things in space exploration.
   A. work B. working C. worked D. to work

5. The satellite, ______ into orbit last month, is working perfectly.
   A. launched B. launching C. was launched D. having launched

二、语法填空

Space exploration has always fascinated humanity. 1. __ (look) up at the night sky, our ancestors wondered 2. _ lay beyond the stars. It was not 3. the mid-20th century that space exploration truly began. 4. (launch) the first satellite in 1957, the Soviet Union opened a new era of human history. Since then, enormous progress 5. (make) in space science. China, in particular, has achieved 6. (remark) success, 7. (include) landing a rover on the far side of the Moon. 8. ___ (explore) space has led to many technological advances that benefit our daily lives.

参考答案：
一、1-5 BCCBA
二、1. Looking 2. what 3. until 4. Launching 5. has been made 6. remarkable 7. including 8. Exploring

Unit 5 练习题¶

一、单项选择

1. I was about to leave ______ the phone rang.
   A. when B. while C. as D. then

2. It was a million pound bank note ______ Henry found in the envelope.
   A. that B. which C. what D. who

3. Never ______ a person by their appearance.
   A. judge B. to judge C. judging D. judged

4. ______ money itself but how we use it determines its value.
   A. Not B. No C. None D. Nor

5. ______ it not for the note, Henry would still be wandering the streets.
   A. Were B. Was C. Had D. Should

二、语法填空

The story of “The Million Pound Bank Note” by Mark Twain raises an interesting question about 1. __ relationship between money and character. Henry Adams, 2. _ American businessman, found himself 3. (strand) in London without a penny. By 4. (accident), he received an envelope 5. (contain) a million pound bank note from two wealthy brothers. What 6. (surprise) Henry most was that people’s attitudes toward him changed 7. (dramatic) once they saw the note. This contrast illustrates 8. ___ people often judge others by their wealth rather than their character.

参考答案：
一、1-5 AAAA A（1.A 2.A 3.A 4.A 5.A）
二、1. the 2. an 3. stranded 4. accident 5. containing 6. surprised 7. dramatically 8. that

综合练习（期末模拟）¶

一、用所给词的正确形式填空

1. The scientist suggested ______ (explore) the possibility of life on Mars.
2. ______ (finish) his homework, he went out to play basketball.
3. It is no use ______ (argue) with him about this matter.
4. ______ surprised everyone was that she declined the offer.
5. The museum, ______ (build) in 1850, is one of the oldest in the city.

二、单项选择

1. You ______ have seen him at the party yesterday — he was out of town.
   A. mustn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t

2. ______ is reported that the new space station will be completed next year.
   A. It B. As C. What D. That

3. The fact ______ he passed the exam excited everyone.
   A. what B. which C. that D. when

4. I find ______ difficult to understand his accent.
   A. that B. this C. it D. which

5. ______ from the top of the hill, the city looks magnificent.
   A. Seeing B. Seen C. To see D. Having seen

6. It was not until she retired ______ she realized her contribution to society.
   A. when B. that C. which D. then

7. Not only ______ the exam, but he also got the highest score.
   A. he passed B. did he pass C. he did pass D. passed he

8. The man ______ at the window is our new teacher.
   A. stands B. standing C. stood D. to stand

三、句子翻译

1. 据报道，中国已成功发射了新一代载人飞船。（It is reported that…）
2. 最令我印象深刻的是她对患者的无限关爱。（What…）
3. 正是在太空中，我们才能真正理解地球的珍贵。（强调句）
4. 尽管面临巨大困难，她从未放弃过自己的梦想。（Despite…）
5. 只有通过互相理解，不同文化才能和谐共存。（Only by… 倒装）

参考答案：
一、1. exploring 2. Having finished 3. arguing 4. What 5. built
二、1-5 BACCB 6-8 BBB（6.B 7.B 8.B）
三、1. It is reported that China has successfully launched a new generation of manned spacecraft. 2. What impressed me most was her boundless love for her patients. 3. It is in space that we can truly understand how precious the Earth is. 4. Despite facing enormous difficulties, she never gave up her dream. 5. Only by understanding each other can different cultures coexist in harmony.

编后语：本手册依据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2020年修订）》和人教版新课标（2019版）必修第三册精心编写，涵盖5个单元的核心词汇、重点短语、必会句型、语法知识、课文重点、拓展阅读和考试练习七大板块。建议同学们按照”词汇积累→语法理解→语篇运用→实战练习”的路径系统学习，在每一个学习环节中注重归纳总结和迁移运用，为高考英语打下坚实基础。