20260730 143024 小学英语五年级上册知识点全梳理
20260730_143024_小学英语五年级上册知识点全梳理.md
发布日期:2026年07月30日
文件:20260730_143024_小学英语五年级上册知识点全梳理.md
最后修改:2026-07-30 14:30:24
依据《义务教育英语课程标准(2022年版)》及人教版PEP小学英语五年级上册教材整理
| 单元 |
单元主题 |
核心知识点 |
| Unit 1 |
What’s he like? |
人物性格特征词汇、What’s…like?句型 |
| Unit 2 |
My week |
星期词汇、What do you have on…?句型 |
| Unit 3 |
What would you like to eat? |
食物词汇、What would you like?句型 |
| Unit 4 |
What can you do? |
能力动词、What can you do?句型 |
| Unit 5 |
There is a big bed |
房间物品、There is/are…句型 |
| Unit 6 |
In a nature park |
自然景观词汇、Is there…?/Are there…?句型 |
| 英文 |
中文 |
词性 |
用法/搭配 |
| old |
年老的 |
adj. |
an old man |
| young |
年轻的 |
adj. |
a young teacher |
| funny |
滑稽的 |
adj. |
a funny teacher |
| kind |
和蔼的 |
adj. |
a kind woman |
| strict |
严格的 |
adj. |
a strict teacher |
| polite |
有礼貌的 |
adj. |
a polite student |
| hard-working |
勤奋的 |
adj. |
a hard-working boy |
| helpful |
乐于助人的 |
adj. |
a helpful girl |
| clever |
聪明的 |
adj. |
a clever child |
| shy |
害羞的 |
adj. |
a shy boy |
| know |
知道 |
v. |
I know him. |
| our |
我们的 |
pron. |
our teacher |
| Mr. |
先生 |
n. |
Mr. Li |
| Ms. |
女士 |
n. |
Ms. Wang |
| sometimes |
有时 |
adv. |
sometimes strict |
| 句型 |
中文意思 |
用法说明 |
| What’s he like? |
他是个什么样的人? |
询问人物性格特征 |
| He’s tall and strong. |
他又高又壮。 |
描述外貌 |
| He’s very funny. |
他很风趣。 |
描述性格 |
| Is he strict? |
他严格吗? |
一般疑问句,回答 Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. |
| Who’s your art teacher? |
你的美术老师是谁? |
询问某人身份 |
| Mr. Young is our music teacher. |
杨先生是我们的音乐老师。 |
介绍某人身份 |
- What’s…like? 句型:询问某人的性格/外貌特征,回答用 He/She is + 形容词。与 Who is…? 不同(Who 问身份)
- be 动词与第三人称单数:he/she/it 搭配 is。Mr. Li is strict.(李先生很严格。)
- 形容词并列:用 and 连接多个形容词。示例:tall and strong(又高又壮)
- 字母组合 ee 和 ea 在词中的发音:/iː/(长元音)
- ee:beef, meet, see, green, sheep, week
- ea:tea, read, meat, seat, teacher, clean
- What’s he like? 问的是”他什么样”(性格/外貌),不是问”他是谁”(Who is he?)
- shy 的发音 /ʃaɪ/,注意 sh /ʃ/ 的发音
- hard-working 是复合形容词,中间有连字符
- strict 后可接 with:He is strict with us.(他对我们很严格。)
| 英文 |
中文 |
词性 |
用法/搭配 |
| Monday |
星期一 |
n. |
on Monday |
| Tuesday |
星期二 |
n. |
on Tuesday |
| Wednesday |
星期三 |
n. |
on Wednesday |
| Thursday |
星期四 |
n. |
on Thursday |
| Friday |
星期五 |
n. |
on Friday |
| Saturday |
星期六 |
n. |
on Saturday |
| Sunday |
星期日 |
n. |
on Sunday |
| weekend |
周末 |
n. |
on the weekend |
| Monday to Friday |
周一到周五 |
— |
from Monday to Friday |
| class |
课 |
n. |
have Chinese class |
| wash |
洗 |
v. |
wash my clothes |
| watch TV |
看电视 |
v. |
watch TV on weekends |
| do homework |
做作业 |
v. |
do homework |
| read books |
读书 |
v. |
read books |
| play football |
踢足球 |
v. |
play football |
| 句型 |
中文意思 |
用法说明 |
| What do you have on Mondays? |
你周一有什么课? |
询问某天的课程安排 |
| We have Chinese, English and maths. |
我们有语文、英语和数学。 |
列举课程回答 |
| What do you do on Saturdays? |
你周六做什么? |
询问周末活动 |
| I often do my homework. |
我经常做作业。 |
用频率副词描述 |
| Do you often read books on weekends? |
你周末经常看书吗? |
一般疑问句 |
| Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. |
是的。/ 不是。 |
标准回答 |
- What do you have on…? 句型:on + 星期几,询问某天有什么课
- What do you do on…? 句型:询问某天做什么活动,do 是实义动词(做)
- 频率副词:always(总是)> usually(通常)> often(经常)> sometimes(有时)> never(从不),放在实义动词前
- 字母组合 ea 的第二种发音:/e/(短元音),如 bread, sweater, head, sweater, breakfast, healthy
- 注意区分:ea 读 /iː/(tea, read)vs ea 读 /e/(bread, head)
- 星期几首字母必须大写:Monday(不能写 monday)
- “在星期几”用介词 on:on Monday, on Fridays
- What do you do on Saturdays? 中第一个 do 是助动词,第二个 do 是实义动词”做”
- weekend 指周六和周日,on the weekend = on weekends
| 英文 |
中文 |
词性 |
用法/搭配 |
| sandwich |
三明治 |
n. |
a sandwich / sandwiches |
| hamburger |
汉堡包 |
n. |
a hamburger |
| salad |
沙拉 |
n. |
a fruit salad |
| ice cream |
冰淇淋 |
n. |
an ice cream |
| tea |
茶 |
n. |
a cup of tea |
| fresh |
新鲜的 |
adj. |
fresh fruit |
| healthy |
健康的 |
adj. |
healthy food |
| delicious |
美味的 |
adj. |
a delicious meal |
| hot |
辣的/热的 |
adj. |
hot food |
| sweet |
甜的 |
adj. |
a sweet cake |
| favourite |
最喜欢的 |
adj./n. |
my favourite food |
| food |
食物 |
n. |
healthy food |
| drink |
饮料/喝 |
n./v. |
a cold drink |
| onion |
洋葱 |
n. |
an onion |
| thirsty |
渴的 |
adj. |
I’m thirsty. |
| 句型 |
中文意思 |
用法说明 |
| What would you like to eat? |
你想吃什么? |
询问对方想吃的食物 |
| I’d like a hamburger, please. |
我想要一个汉堡包。 |
I’d like + 食物 |
| What would you like to drink? |
你想喝什么? |
询问对方想喝的饮料 |
| I’d like some tea. |
我想要些茶。 |
some 用于不可数名词 |
| What’s your favourite food? |
你最喜欢的食物是什么? |
询问最喜欢的食物 |
| I like fish. / My favourite food is fish. |
我喜欢鱼。/ 我最喜欢的食物是鱼。 |
两种回答方式 |
- What would you like to eat/drink?:would like to 表示”想要”,比 want 更礼貌。eat 问吃的,drink 问喝的。
- 可数与不可数名词:sandwich, hamburger(可数);tea, salad, ice cream(不可数,但 ice cream 也可数表示”一份”)
- ** favourite 的用法**:favourite + 名词 = “最喜欢的……”。My favourite food is fish.
- 字母组合 i_e 和 ow 的发音:
- i_e /aɪ/:bike, kite, ride, like, rice
- ow /aʊ/:cow, flower, brown, down, how, now
- 食物形容词:hot 在食物中指”辣的”,不只是”热的”
- delicious 的拼写和发音 /dɪˈlɪʃəs/,注意重音
- would like = ‘d like,缩写形式撇号不能遗漏
- healthy = health(健康)+ y(形容词后缀)
| 英文 |
中文 |
词性 |
用法/搭配 |
| sing |
唱歌 |
v. |
sing English songs |
| dance |
跳舞 |
v. |
dance well |
| swim |
游泳 |
v. |
swim in the river |
| cook |
烹饪 |
v. |
cook meals |
| play basketball |
打篮球 |
v. |
play basketball |
| play ping-pong |
打乒乓球 |
v. |
play ping-pong |
| speak English |
说英语 |
v. |
speak English well |
| do kung fu |
练功夫 |
v. |
do some kung fu |
| draw |
画 |
v. |
draw cartoons |
| play the pipa |
弹琵琶 |
v. |
play the pipa |
| song |
歌曲 |
n. |
sing a song |
| cartoon |
卡通 |
n. |
draw cartoons |
| 句型 |
中文意思 |
用法说明 |
| What can you do? |
你会做什么? |
询问对方的能力 |
| I can sing English songs. |
我会唱英文歌。 |
用 can + 动词原形回答 |
| Can you swim? |
你会游泳吗? |
一般疑问句 |
| Yes, I can. / No, I can’t. |
是的,我会。/ 不,我不会。 |
can 的回答 |
| What can you do at home? |
你在家会做什么? |
询问在特定场合的能力 |
| I can cook. |
我会做饭。 |
表达自己的能力 |
- can 的用法:情态动词 can 表示”能、会”,后接动词原形。无人称变化(I can / He can)
- Can…? 一般疑问句:把 can 提前。回答 Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
- play 的用法:play + 球类(无 the):play basketball, play ping-pong;play + 乐器(有 the):play the pipa, play the piano
- 字母组合 oo 的两种发音:
- /uː/(长音):food, noodles, room, zoo, balloon, cool
- /ʊ/(短音):book, look, good, foot, cook
- play + 球类不加 the(play basketball),play + 乐器要加 the(play the piano)
- can 后接动词原形,不能说 I can singing(应为 I can sing)
- can’t = cannot = can not,口语常用 can’t /kɑːnt/
- “练功夫”用 do kung fu,不用 play kung fu
| 英文 |
中文 |
词性 |
用法/搭配 |
| bed |
床 |
n. |
a big bed |
| door |
门 |
n. |
open the door |
| window |
窗户 |
n. |
near the window |
| bike |
自行车 |
n. |
ride a bike |
| clock |
时钟 |
n. |
a clock on the wall |
| plant |
植物 |
n. |
water the plants |
| bottle |
瓶子 |
n. |
a water bottle |
| photo |
照片 |
n. |
take a photo |
| water bottle |
水瓶 |
n. |
a water bottle |
| room |
房间 |
n. |
in the room |
| draw |
画 |
v. |
draw pictures |
| curtain |
窗帘 |
n. |
open the curtains |
| trash bin |
垃圾桶 |
n. |
a trash bin |
| end table |
床头柜 |
n. |
an end table |
| bedroom |
卧室 |
n. |
my bedroom |
| 句型 |
中文意思 |
用法说明 |
| There is a big bed. |
有一张大床。 |
There is + 单数可数名词/不可数名词 |
| There are some plants. |
有一些植物。 |
There are + 复数名词 |
| Is there a river? |
有河吗? |
一般疑问句(单数) |
| Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t. |
是的,有。/ 不,没有。 |
标准回答 |
| Are there any lakes? |
有湖吗? |
一般疑问句(复数) |
| Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t. |
是的,有。/ 不,没有。 |
标准回答 |
- There be 句型:表示”某处有某物”
- There is + 单数可数名词/不可数名词:There is a book on the desk.
- There are + 复数名词:There are two books on the desk.
- 就近原则:There be 句型中,be 动词由最近的名词决定。There is a book and two pens.(最近是 a book,用 is)
- Is there…? / Are there…?:一般疑问句把 is/are 提前,肯定句用 some,疑问句和否定句用 any
- 字母组合 ai 和 ay 的发音:/eɪ/,如 rain, rainbow, paint, Monday, say, day, way, may
- There is(单数)和 There are(复数)根据后面的名词来选择
- some 用于肯定句,any 用于疑问句和否定句
- 就近原则:There is a bed and two chairs in the room.(不是 are)
- There be 和 have/has 的区别:There be 表示”某处有”,have 表示”某人有”
| 英文 |
中文 |
词性 |
用法/搭配 |
| forest |
森林 |
n. |
in the forest |
| river |
河流 |
n. |
in the river |
| lake |
湖泊 |
n. |
a big lake |
| mountain |
高山 |
n. |
climb a mountain |
| hill |
小山 |
n. |
on the hill |
| tree |
树 |
n. |
plant a tree |
| bridge |
桥 |
n. |
cross the bridge |
| building |
建筑物 |
n. |
a tall building |
| village |
村庄 |
n. |
a small village |
| house |
房子 |
n. |
a new house |
| nature park |
自然公园 |
n. |
in a nature park |
| boating |
划船 |
n. |
go boating |
| quiet |
安静的 |
adj. |
a quiet village |
| 句型 |
中文意思 |
用法说明 |
| Is there a river in the park? |
公园里有河吗? |
询问是否有某物(单数) |
| Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t. |
是的。/ 不是。 |
标准回答 |
| Are there any bridges in the village? |
村里有桥吗? |
询问是否有某物(复数) |
| Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t. |
是的。/ 不是。 |
标准回答 |
| There is a lake near the village. |
村子附近有个湖。 |
描述某处有某物 |
- Is there a…? / Are there any…?:There be 句型疑问式。单数用 Is there a,复数用 Are there any
- any 的用法:在疑问句和否定句中用 any 代替 some。示例:Are there any trees? There aren’t any trees.
- mountain vs hill:mountain 指大山/高山,hill 指小山/丘陵
- 字母组合 ou 的发音:/aʊ/,如 house, mouse, sound, count, about, cloud, mouth
- ou 是常见的双元音字母组合,发 /aʊ/
- Is there…? 回答用 there is/there isn’t,不能用 it is
- Are there any…? 中 any 不能换成 some(疑问句用 any)
- mountain(高山)和 hill(小山)大小不同,注意区分
- “在公园里”用 in the park,不能说 at the park(at 指在某个地点,in 强调在内部)
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