20260730 143026 小学英语六年级下册知识点全梳理
20260730_143026_小学英语六年级下册知识点全梳理.md
发布日期：2026年07月30日
文件：20260730_143026_小学英语六年级下册知识点全梳理.md
最后修改：2026-07-30 14:30:26
依据《义务教育英语课程标准（2022年版）》及人教版PEP小学英语六年级下册教材整理，含小升初系统复习
| 单元 |
单元主题 |
核心知识点 |
| Unit 1 |
How tall are you? |
比较级与最高级、How tall are you?句型 |
| Unit 2 |
Last weekend |
一般过去时（规则动词）、What did you do?句型 |
| Unit 3 |
Where did you go? |
一般过去时（不规则动词）、过去时旅行话题 |
| Unit 4 |
Then and now |
there be 过去式、过去与现在对比 |
| Recycle |
小升初综合复习 |
四大时态系统总结、核心句型归类、词汇分类汇总 |
| 英文 |
中文 |
词性 |
用法/搭配 |
| taller |
更高的 |
adj. |
taller than me |
| shorter |
更矮/短的 |
adj. |
shorter than you |
| stronger |
更强壮的 |
adj. |
stronger than Tom |
| older |
更年长的 |
adj. |
older than his brother |
| younger |
更年轻的 |
adj. |
younger than me |
| bigger |
更大的 |
adj. |
bigger than that one |
| smaller |
更小的 |
adj. |
a smaller room |
| longer |
更长的 |
adj. |
longer hair |
| heavier |
更重的 |
adj. |
heavier than before |
| thinner |
更瘦的 |
adj. |
thinner than last year |
| tallest |
最高的 |
adj. |
the tallest girl |
| shortest |
最矮的 |
adj. |
the shortest boy |
| strongest |
最强壮的 |
adj. |
the strongest man |
| kilogram |
千克 |
n. |
40 kilograms |
| centimetre |
厘米 |
n. |
160 cm tall |
| size |
尺码 |
n. |
size 37 |
| 句型 |
中文意思 |
用法说明 |
| How tall are you? |
你有多高？ |
询问身高 |
| I’m 164 cm tall. |
我164厘米高。 |
数字 + cm tall |
| How heavy are you? |
你有多重？ |
询问体重 |
| I’m 48 kilograms. |
我48公斤。 |
数字 + kilograms |
| You’re taller than me. |
你比我高。 |
A + be + 比较级 + than + B |
| What size are your shoes? |
你穿多大码的鞋？ |
询问鞋码 |
| Size 37. |
37码。 |
直接回答尺码 |
- 形容词比较级构成：
- 一般加 -er：tall→taller, short→shorter, old→older, young→younger, long→longer
- 以 e 结尾加 -r：large→larger, nice→nicer
- 重读闭音节双写末尾辅音加 -er：big→bigger, thin→thinner, hot→hotter, fat→fatter
- 辅音字母+y 变 y 为 i 加 -er：heavy→heavier, happy→happier, busy→busier
- 不规则变化：good/well→better, many/much→more
- 比较级句型：A + be 动词 + 比较级 + than + B。You are taller than me.（口语中 than 后可用宾格 me）
- 最高级构成：比较级加 -est，最高级前加 the。the tallest, the heaviest
- 字母组合 er, ir, ur 在非重读音节中的发音：/ə/
- er：teacher, under, after, river, sister, water, ruler
- ir：bird, girl, shirt, skirt, third, thirteen, birthday
- ur：nurse, purple, turn, Thursday, hamburger, turtle
- heavy 的比较级是 heavier（y 变 i 加 er），不是 heavyer
- big 的比较级是 bigger（双写 g），不是 biger
- 比较级用 than 连接两个比较对象：taller than me（不能省略 than）
- “比……高”用 taller than，”比……矮”用 shorter than
-cm 是 centimetre 的缩写，kg 是 kilogram 的缩写
| 英文 |
中文 |
词性 |
用法/搭配 |
| watched TV |
看电视 |
v. |
watched TV last weekend |
| washed clothes |
洗衣服 |
v. |
washed my clothes |
| cleaned the room |
打扫房间 |
v. |
cleaned the room |
| played football |
踢足球 |
v. |
played football with friends |
| visited grandparents |
拜访祖父母 |
v. |
visited my grandparents |
| listened to music |
听音乐 |
v. |
listened to music |
| cooked the meals |
做饭 |
v. |
cooked the meals |
| stayed at home |
待在家 |
v. |
stayed at home all day |
| drank tea |
喝茶 |
v. |
drank tea in the afternoon |
| read a book |
看书 |
v. |
read a book（read 过去式同形） |
| saw a film |
看电影 |
v. |
saw a film yesterday |
| had a cold |
感冒 |
v. |
had a cold last week |
| slept |
睡觉 |
v. |
slept all day |
| last weekend |
上周末 |
— |
last weekend（前不加介词） |
| yesterday |
昨天 |
adv. |
yesterday morning |
| before |
在……之前 |
prep. |
before dinner |
| 句型 |
中文意思 |
用法说明 |
| What did you do last weekend? |
你上周末做了什么？ |
询问过去做的事情 |
| I watched TV. |
我看了电视。 |
用过去式回答 |
| Did you do anything else? |
你还做了别的吗？ |
一般疑问句（过去时） |
| Yes, I cleaned my room. |
是的，我打扫了房间。 |
肯定回答 |
| Did you read books? |
你看书了吗？ |
过去时疑问句 |
| Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. |
是的，我看了。/ 不，我没看。 |
did 引导的标准回答 |
- 一般过去时：表示过去发生的动作或状态。结构：主语 + 动词过去式
- 规则动词过去式构成：
- 一般加 -ed：watch→watched, wash→washed, clean→cleaned, play→played, visit→visited, listen→listened
- 以 e 结尾加 -d：dance→danced, live→lived, use→used
- 辅音字母+y 变 y 为 i 加 -ed：study→studied, carry→carried
- 重读闭音节双写末尾辅音加 -ed：stop→stopped, plan→planned
- 不规则动词：go→went, read→read（同形不同音）, see→saw, have→had, sleep→slept, drink→drank, eat→ate, buy→bought, take→took, ride→rode
- Did…? 疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形？Did you watch TV?（动词恢复原形）
- 否定句：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形。I didn’t watch TV.
- 动词过去式 -ed 的三种发音：
- /t/：在清辅音后——watched, washed, helped, laughed, stopped
- /d/：在浊辅音和元音后——cleaned, played, listened, lived, used
- /ɪd/：在 t/d 后——visited, wanted, needed, acted, shouted
- Did 引导的疑问句中动词用原形：Did you watch TV?（不是 Did you watched）
- didn’t 后也用动词原形：I didn’t go.（不是 didn’t went）
- read 的过去式拼写不变但发音变化：read /riːd/ → read /red/
- go 的过去式是 went（不是 goed），see→saw（不是 seed），have→had（不是 haved）
- last weekend / yesterday 前不加介词（不说 in last weekend）
| 英文 |
中文 |
词性 |
用法/搭配 |
| went camping |
去露营 |
v. |
went camping by the lake |
| went fishing |
去钓鱼 |
v. |
went fishing last Sunday |
| went swimming |
去游泳 |
v. |
went swimming in the sea |
| went hiking |
去远足 |
v. |
went hiking in the mountains |
| rode a bike |
骑自行车 |
v. |
rode a bike to the park |
| rode a horse |
骑马 |
v. |
rode a horse on the farm |
| took pictures |
拍照 |
v. |
took many pictures |
| bought gifts |
买礼物 |
v. |
bought gifts for friends |
| ate fresh food |
吃新鲜食物 |
v. |
ate fresh food there |
| hurt my foot |
伤了脚 |
v. |
hurt my foot yesterday |
| fell off |
从……摔下 |
v. |
fell off the bike |
| could |
能（can 的过去式） |
aux. |
I could swim at five. |
| beach |
海滩 |
n. |
on the beach |
| till |
直到 |
prep./conj. |
till the end |
| Turpan |
吐鲁番 |
n. |
went to Turpan |
| 句型 |
中文意思 |
用法说明 |
| Where did you go? |
你去哪里了？ |
询问过去去了哪里 |
| I went to Sanya. |
我去了三亚。 |
用 went to + 地点回答 |
| How did you go there? |
你怎么去的？ |
询问过去的交通方式 |
| I went by plane. |
我乘飞机去的。 |
by + 交通工具 |
| What did you do there? |
你在那里做了什么？ |
询问过去做过的事 |
| I took lots of pictures. |
我拍了很多照片。 |
用过去式回答 |
| Did you go to Turpan? |
你去吐鲁番了吗？ |
过去时一般疑问句 |
| Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. |
是的，去了。/ 不，没去。 |
标准回答 |
- Where did you go? / How did you go? / What did you do?：三组核心过去时特殊疑问句，did 后接动词原形
- 不规则动词过去式（本单元重点）：
- go→went, ride→rode, take→took, buy→bought, eat→ate, fall→fell, hurt→hurt（同形）, swim→swam, is/am→was, are→were
- could 的用法：can 的过去式，could + 动词原形，表示过去的能力。I could ride a bike at six.
- lots of = a lot of：许多，可修饰可数和不可数名词。lots of pictures / lots of water
- 字母组合 ar, or, er 的发音：
- ar /ɑː/：car, far, farm, park, star, arm, card, hard, March
- or /ɔː/：for, horse, morning, short, sport, fork, born
- er /ə/：teacher, sister, under, water, ruler（非重读，发 schwa）
- went to 后接地点名词：went to Beijing（地点前有 to）；went there 中 there 是副词不加 to
- buy 的过去式是 bought（不是 buyed），take→took（不是 taked），eat→ate（不是 eated）
- hurt 的过去式与原形相同：hurt→hurt（不是 hurted）
- fall→fell（过去式），fell off（从……摔下），注意与 feel→felt 区分
- “怎么样去的”问交通方式用 How，回答用 by + 工具
| 英文 |
中文 |
词性 |
用法/搭配 |
| grass |
草地 |
n. |
run on the grass |
| gym |
体育馆 |
n. |
in the gym |
| cycling |
骑自行车运动 |
n. |
go cycling |
| ice-skate |
滑冰 |
v. |
ice-skate in winter |
| badminton |
羽毛球 |
n. |
play badminton |
| dining hall |
餐厅 |
n. |
in the dining hall |
| star |
星星 |
n. |
look at the stars |
| easy |
容易的 |
adj. |
an easy question |
| look up |
查阅 |
v. |
look up in the dictionary |
| Internet |
互联网 |
n. |
on the Internet |
| ago |
以前 |
adv. |
twenty years ago |
| different |
不同的 |
adj. |
be different from |
| active |
活跃的 |
adj. |
an active child |
| race |
赛跑 |
n. |
have a race |
| nothing |
没有什么 |
pron. |
nothing at all |
| 句型 |
中文意思 |
用法说明 |
| Tell us about your school, please. |
请给我们讲讲你的学校。 |
祈使句请求 |
| There was no library in my old school. |
我以前的学校没有图书馆。 |
there be 过去时（单数） |
| There were no computers or Internet. |
没有电脑和互联网。 |
there be 过去时（复数） |
| There were no gyms. |
没有体育馆。 |
否定用 no + 名词 |
| Now there is a new one. |
现在有一个新的了。 |
对比过去与现在 |
| What was Grandpa’s school like? |
爷爷的学校是什么样的？ |
询问过去的样子 |
- there be 句型的过去式：
- There was + 单数名词/不可数名词：There was a library. / There was no water.
- There were + 复数名词：There were many trees. / There were no computers.
- was = is/am 的过去式，were = are 的过去式
- 过去与现在对比：
- 过去：There was/were… + ago（years ago, before）
- 现在：There is/are… + now（now, today）
- no 的否定用法：There was no library. = There wasn’t a library.（no + 名词 = not a/an + 名词）
- 一般过去时动词 -ed 发音综合复习：
- /t/：watched, washed, helped, cooked, laughed
- /d/：cleaned, played, used, lived, listened
- /ɪd/：wanted, visited, needed, started
- 不规则动词无 -ed：went, saw, took, bought, ate, ran
- there were 不能用于单数，单数用 there was：There was a tree.（不是 There were a tree.）
- no 后直接接名词：There was no library.（不说 There was not library.）
- ago 前需要有时间段：two years ago（不说 ago two years）
- “以前”用 ago 放在时间后面，”现在”用 now 放在句末或句首
| 时态 |
用途 |
结构 |
标志词 |
例句 |
| 一般现在时 |
表示习惯/经常性动作 |
主语 + 动词原形/第三人称单数 |
always, usually, often, sometimes, every day |
I play sports every day. / He plays sports. |
| 现在进行时 |
表示正在发生的动作 |
主语 + be + doing |
now, look, listen |
I am reading now. / She is dancing. |
| 一般过去时 |
表示过去发生的动作 |
主语 + 动词过去式 |
yesterday, last weekend, … ago, then |
I watched TV yesterday. / She went home. |
| 一般将来时 |
表示将来要发生的事 |
主语 + will/be going to + 动词原形 |
tomorrow, next week, tonight |
I will go. / I’m going to read. |
时态对比要点：
- 动词形式区别：play（现在）→ playing（进行）→ played（过去）→ will play / going to play（将来）
- be 动词变化：am/is/are（现在）→ was/were（过去）；will be / going to be（将来）
- 疑问句助动词：do/does（现在）→ did（过去）→ will（将来）；进行时把 be 提前
| 功能 |
现在时 |
过去时 |
将来时 |
| 询问活动 |
What do you do? |
What did you do? |
What are you going to do? |
| 询问交通方式 |
How do you go? |
How did you go? |
How will you go? |
| 询问地点 |
Where do you go? |
Where did you go? |
Where are you going? |
| 询问感受 |
How do you feel? |
How did you feel? |
— |
| 询问职业 |
What does he do? |
— |
— |
| 询问爱好 |
What are your hobbies? |
— |
— |
| 询问身高 |
How tall are you? |
— |
— |
| 询问时间 |
When do you…? |
When did you…? |
When are you going to…? |
1. 日常活动短语：
- do morning exercises, eat breakfast, play sports, go shopping, go for a walk, clean my room
- read books, do homework, watch TV, wash clothes, play football
2. 交通方式：
- by bus, by bike, by subway, by train, by plane, by ship, by ferry, on foot
3. 过去活动短语：
- watched TV, washed clothes, cleaned the room, visited grandparents, went camping/fishing/swimming/hiking
- took pictures, bought gifts, ate fresh food, rode a bike/horse, saw a film
4. 职业词汇：
- factory worker, postman, businessman, police officer, fisherman, scientist, pilot, coach, reporter, head teacher
5. 情绪与健康：
- angry, afraid, sad, worried, happy, ill; see a doctor, wear warm clothes, take a deep breath, count to ten
| 易混点 |
辨析说明 |
| do/does/did |
现在时第一/二人称和复数用 do，第三人称单数用 does，过去时统一用 did（后接动词原形） |
| there is/are/was/were |
单数用 is/was，复数用 are/were；过去时用 was/were |
| like + doing vs like + to do |
两者都正确，PEP 五六年级重点考 like + doing 形式 |
| play + 球类 vs play + the + 乐器 |
play football（无the）/ play the piano（有the） |
| by + 交通工具 vs on foot |
by bus/bike（无冠词），唯独步行是 on foot（不是 by foot） |
| good vs well |
good 是形容词（a good boy），well 可作形容词（feel well 身体好）或副词（sing well） |
| there be vs have |
there be 表示”某处有”，have 表示”某人有” |
| taller than vs the tallest |
比较级用于两者比较（than），最高级用于三者及以上（the + est） |
| went to + 地点 vs went there |
went to Beijing（地点前有to），went there（there是副词不加to） |
| its vs it’s |
its = 它的（物主代词），it’s = it is（它是） |
| 原形 |
过去式 |
原形 |
过去式 |
| go |
went |
see |
saw |
| have/has |
had |
eat |
ate |
| take |
took |
buy |
bought |
| read |
read (同形) |
ride |
rode |
| is/am |
was |
are |
were |
| can |
could |
run |
ran |
| sleep |
slept |
drink |
drank |
| fall |
fell |
hurt |
hurt (同形) |
| make |
made |
give |
gave |
| get |
got |
come |
came |
| sing |
sang |
swim |
swam |
| sit |
sat |
write |
wrote |
| fly |
flew |
catch |
caught |
| teach |
taught |
think |
thought |
- 时态为本：四大时态是小学英语核心，务必能根据标志词判断时态并正确变化动词
- 句型迁移：同一功能句型要能用三种时态表达（如 What do/did/will you do?），举一反三
- 词汇归类：按主题归类记忆（活动、交通、职业、情绪、过去式等），形成词汇网络
- 不规则动词：熟背高频不规则动词过去式表，这是小升初必考内容
- 综合运用：能够用英语描述自己的一天（现在时）、上周末（过去时）、周末计划（将来时）
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