20260730 155733 高中英语高一上册知识点全梳理

20260730_155733_高中英语高一上册知识点全梳理.md

高中英语·高一上册知识点全梳理

依据《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》及人教版必修第一册整理


学习内容概览

单元 主题 核心知识点
Unit 1 Teenage Life 青春生活 校园生活词汇、名词短语/构词法、建议信写作
Unit 2 Travelling Around 环球旅行 旅行词汇、现在进行时表将来、旅游手册写作
Unit 3 Sports and Fitness 体育健身 体育词汇、反意疑问句、演讲稿写作
Unit 4 Natural Disasters 自然灾害 灾害词汇、定语从句(that/which/who)、新闻报道写作
Unit 5 Languages Around the World 世界语言 语言词汇、定语从句(where/when/whose/why/介词+which)

Unit 1 Teenage Life

一、核心词汇与短语

英文 中文 词性
teenager 青少年 n.
volunteer 志愿者 n./v.
debate 辩论;讨论 n./v.
prefer 更喜欢 v.
content 满意的 adj.
movement 运动 n.
greenhouse 温室 n.
clean up 打扫干净 phr.
suitable for 适合的 phr.
actually 实际上 adv.
challenge 挑战 n./v.
title 标题 n.
topic 话题 n.
freshman 新生 n.
obviously 显然地 adv.
quit 放弃;停止 v.
schedule 日程安排 n./v.
editor 编辑 n.
plate 盘子;板块 n.
responsible 负责任的 adj.
be responsible for 对……负责 phr.
expert 专家 n.
focus 集中 v.
focus on 集中于 phr.
addicted 上瘾的 adj.
be addicted to 沉迷于 phr.
adult 成年人 n.
generation 一代人 n.
attract 吸引 v.
attractive 有吸引力的 adj.
recommendation 推荐 n.
recommend 推荐 v.
youth 青年 n.
extra 额外的 adj.
advanced 高级的;先进的 adj.
graduate 毕业 v./n.
graduation 毕业 n.

二、核心句型

  1. prefer to do A rather than do B — 宁愿做A而不愿做B
    - I prefer to read books rather than watch TV.

  2. find + it + adj. + to do — 发现做某事……
    - Many freshmen find it difficult to adapt to high school life.

  3. suggest + that从句(should + 动词原形) — 建议……
    - I suggest that you (should) join a club to make new friends.

三、语法要点

名词短语(Noun Phrases)

名词短语由”限定词+形容词+名词”构成,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。

  • The tall boy in the classroom is our monitor.
  • He bought a very interesting book about history.
构词法——派生法
  • 前缀:re- (rewrite), un- (unhappy), dis- (disagree)
  • 后缀:-tion (education), -ment (movement), -able (comfortable), -ful (useful)

四、写作指导

建议信写作要点:
- 开头:表明写信目的,说明了解对方困境
- 主体:提出具体建议(使用 First… Second… Finally… 等衔接词)
- 结尾:表达期望与鼓励

范文框架:
Dear …, I’m sorry to hear that you are having trouble with … Here are some suggestions. First, … Second, … Finally, … I hope you will find these suggestions helpful. Yours, …

五、易错点提醒

  • prefer 的过去式需双写 r:preferred(不是 prefered)
  • be addicted to 中 to 为介词,后接名词或 doing
  • suggest 表示”建议”时,从句用虚拟语气(should + do);但 suggest 表示”暗示”时不用虚拟语气

Unit 2 Travelling Around

一、核心词汇与短语

英文 中文 词性
destination 目的地 n.
amazing 令人惊叹的 adj.
narrow 狭窄的 adj.
flat 平的 adj.
empire 帝国 n.
emperor 皇帝 n.
site 遗址;地点 n.
official 官方的;官员 adj./n.
ancient 古老的 adj.
unique 独特的 adj.
admire 欣赏;钦佩 v.
package tour 包价旅游 phr.
check in 登记入住 phr.
check out 退房结账 phr.
credit card 信用卡 phr.
accommodation 住宿 n.
economic 经济的 adj.
economy 经济 n.
reliable 可靠的 adj.
source 来源 n.
contact 联系 v./n.
civilisation 文明 n.
landscape 风景 n.
rent 租用 v.
hike 徒步旅行 v.
flight 航班 n.
transport 交通 n./v.
apply for 申请 phr.
visa 签证 n.
passport 护照 n.
extremely 极其 adv.
powerful 强大的 adj.
belong to 属于 phr.

二、核心句型

  1. be + 现在分词 + 将来时间 — 现在进行时表将来(已安排好的计划)
    - I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
    - We are flying to Shanghai next week.

  2. It is amazing that… — ……令人惊叹
    - It is amazing that the ancient city still looks so beautiful.

  3. not only… but also… — 不但……而且……
    - You can not only enjoy the scenery but also learn about the culture.

三、语法要点

现在进行时表将来

表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,常用于位移类动词。

用法 例句
表计划中的将来 I am meeting my friend at the airport tomorrow.
表即将发生的动作 The bus is coming.
表近期安排 They are getting married next month.

常见动词:go, come, leave, arrive, fly, start, travel, stay, move 等。

四、写作指导

旅游手册/旅行攻略写作要点:
- 介绍目的地概况(地理位置、特色)
- 推荐必去景点与活动
- 提供实用建议(交通、住宿、最佳旅行时间)
- 语言生动,吸引读者

五、易错点提醒

  • amazing(令人惊叹的,修饰物)与 amazed(感到惊叹的,修饰人)的区别
  • arrive at(小地点)与 arrive in(大地点)的搭配区别
  • now that(既然)= since,引导原因状语从句

Unit 3 Sports and Fitness

一、核心词汇与短语

英文 中文 词性
athlete 运动员 n.
fitness 健康;适合 n.
championship 冠军赛 n.
champion 冠军 n.
determination 决心 n.
determined 坚决的 adj.
injure 受伤 v.
injury 伤害 n.
graceful 优雅的 adj.
strength 力量 n.
stress 压力 n./v.
positive 积极的 adj.
negative 消极的 adj.
compare 比较 v.
compare with 与……比较 phr.
diet 饮食 n.
balanced diet 均衡饮食 phr.
work out 锻炼 phr.
give up 放弃 phr.
make it 成功做到 phr.
track and field 田径 phr.
gym 体育馆 n.
sweat 出汗 v./n.
honour 荣誉 n.
medal 奖牌 n.
captain 队长 n.
compete 竞争 v.
competition 比赛 n.
competitor 竞争者 n.
physical 身体的 adj.
mentally 精神上 adv.
set a goal 设定目标 phr.
overcome 克服 v.

二、核心句型

  1. 反意疑问句结构 — 前肯后否,前否后肯
    - You like sports, don’t you?
    - He can’t swim, can he?

  2. It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who… — 强调句
    - It was his determination that led him to success.

  3. make + 宾语 + 宾补 — 使……成为
    - Sports make us strong and healthy.

三、语法要点

反意疑问句

基本规则: 前肯后否,前否后肯,时态和人称保持一致。

特殊情况 例句 说明
Let’s 开头 Let’s go, shall we? 用 shall we
Let us 开头 Let us go, will you? 用 will you
含 never/hardly He never swims, does he? 否定词视为否定
I am… I am late, aren’t I? 特殊用法 aren’t I
含 think/believe + 从句 I think he is right, isn’t he? 跟从句主语
祈使句 Open the door, will you? 用 will you

四、写作指导

演讲稿写作要点:
- 开头:引人注意的问候与引入
- 主体:分层次论述观点,用事例支撑
- 结尾:有力总结,呼吁行动

五、易错点提醒

  • give up 后接 doing,不接 to do
  • compare A with B(把A与B比较)与 compare A to B(把A比作B)的区别
  • 反意疑问句中,few/little/never/hardly/seldom 等否定词出现时,附加问句用肯定形式

Unit 4 Natural Disasters

一、核心词汇与短语

英文 中文 词性
disaster 灾难 n.
earthquake 地震 n.
flood 洪水 n./v.
drought 干旱 n.
landslide 山体滑坡 n.
typhoon 台风 n.
tsunami 海啸 n.
volcanic eruption 火山喷发 phr.
survive 幸存 v.
survivor 幸存者 n.
rescue 营救 n./v.
destroy 摧毁 v.
damage 损害 n./v.
ruin 毁灭 n./v.
shelter 避难所 n.
emergency 紧急情况 n.
shock 休克;震惊 n./v.
trap 困住 v./n.
bury 埋葬 v.
breath 呼吸 n.
breathless 喘不过气的 adj.
revive 复苏 v.
supply 供应 n./v.
aid 援助 n./v.
first aid 急救 phr.
strike 袭击 v.
affect 影响 v.
effect 效果 n.
region 地区 n.
ruins 废墟 n.
statistics 统计数据 n.
suffering 痛苦 n.
volunteer 志愿者 n.
donation 捐赠 n.

二、核心句型

  1. 定语从句 that/which/who
    - The earthquake that struck the city caused great damage.
    - The rescue team who arrived first saved many lives.

  2. It seemed as if… — 似乎……
    - It seemed as if the world were coming to an end.

  3. leave + 宾语 + 宾补(形容词/分词)
    - The flood left many people homeless.

三、语法要点

定语从句(一)——that/which/who

关系代词用法对照:

关系代词 修饰对象 在从句中充当 例句
that 人/物 主语/宾语 The book that is on the desk is mine.
which 主语/宾语 The car which he bought is expensive.
who 主语/宾语 The man who lives next door is a doctor.
whom 宾语 The girl whom I met yesterday is his sister.

只用 that 的情况:
- 先行词被最高级修饰:This is the best movie that I have ever seen.
- 先行词是不定代词:Is there anything that I can do for you?
- 先行词被 the only/the very 修饰:This is the only book that I need.

四、写作指导

新闻报道写作要点:
- 标题简洁,概括事件
- 导语(首段)包含5W(Who/What/When/Where/Why)
- 主体段落详述经过与影响
- 结尾交代后续救援或影响

五、易错点提醒

  • 定语从句中关系代词作宾语可省略,但介词后不可省
  • that 和 which 都可指物,但非限制性定语从句中只能用 which
  • strike 的过去式为 struck,过去分词为 struck

Unit 5 Languages Around the World

一、核心词汇与短语

英文 中文 词性
symbol 符号;象征 n.
variety 多样性 n.
various 各种各样的 adj.
regard 认为;看待 v.
regard… as 把……看作 phr.
classic 经典的 adj.
classical 古典的 adj.
character 字符;性格 n.
appreciate 欣赏;感激 v.
demand 要求 n./v.
vocabulary 词汇 n.
struggle 挣扎;努力 v./n.
struggle with 与……斗争 phr.
specific 具体的 adj.
gap 差距;间隙 n.
bridge the gap 消除隔阂 phr.
native 本族的;本地的 adj.
native language 母语 phr.
tongue 语言 n.
mother tongue 母语 phr.
refer to 指的是;参考 phr.
major 主要的 adj.
bilingual 双语的 adj.
fluency 流利 n.
fluent 流利的 adj.
accent 口音 n.
carve 雕刻 v.
dynasty 朝代 n.
despite 尽管 prep.
global 全球的 adj.
officially 官方地 adv.

二、核心句型

  1. 定语从句 where/when/whose/why
    - This is the city where I was born.
    - I remember the day when I first came to this school.
    - The boy whose father is a teacher speaks English well.

  2. Even though/Though 引导让步状语从句
    - Even though it was raining, we still went hiking.

  3. No matter + 疑问词
    - No matter how difficult it is, I will never give up learning English.

三、语法要点

定语从句(二)——关系副词与介词+关系代词

关系副词:

关系副词 先行词 在从句中充当 例句
when 时间名词 时间状语 I’ll never forget the day when I met her.
where 地点名词 地点状语 This is the school where I studied.
why reason 原因状语 Tell me the reason why you were late.

whose 的用法(表所属关系):
- The writer whose novel I am reading will give a speech tomorrow.

介词 + which/whom:
- The house in which he lives is very old. (= where)
- The person to whom I spoke is our principal. (= whom)

四、写作指导

说明文写作——语言学习经历/建议:
- 按时间线或逻辑顺序组织内容
- 使用举例和对比说明方法
- 注意衔接词的使用

五、易错点提醒

  • where 可替换为 in/at/on + which,但不可替换为 that
  • whose 既可指人也可指物:the book whose cover is red
  • 介词 + which/whom 中,介词的选择取决于从句的动词搭配(如 look at → at which)

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