高中英语·高一上册知识点全梳理¶
依据《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》及人教版必修第一册整理
学习内容概览¶
| 单元 | 主题 | 核心知识点 |
|---|---|---|
| Unit 1 | Teenage Life 青春生活 | 校园生活词汇、名词短语/构词法、建议信写作 |
| Unit 2 | Travelling Around 环球旅行 | 旅行词汇、现在进行时表将来、旅游手册写作 |
| Unit 3 | Sports and Fitness 体育健身 | 体育词汇、反意疑问句、演讲稿写作 |
| Unit 4 | Natural Disasters 自然灾害 | 灾害词汇、定语从句(that/which/who)、新闻报道写作 |
| Unit 5 | Languages Around the World 世界语言 | 语言词汇、定语从句(where/when/whose/why/介词+which) |
Unit 1 Teenage Life¶
一、核心词汇与短语¶
| 英文 | 中文 | 词性 |
|---|---|---|
| teenager | 青少年 | n. |
| volunteer | 志愿者 | n./v. |
| debate | 辩论;讨论 | n./v. |
| prefer | 更喜欢 | v. |
| content | 满意的 | adj. |
| movement | 运动 | n. |
| greenhouse | 温室 | n. |
| clean up | 打扫干净 | phr. |
| suitable for | 适合的 | phr. |
| actually | 实际上 | adv. |
| challenge | 挑战 | n./v. |
| title | 标题 | n. |
| topic | 话题 | n. |
| freshman | 新生 | n. |
| obviously | 显然地 | adv. |
| quit | 放弃;停止 | v. |
| schedule | 日程安排 | n./v. |
| editor | 编辑 | n. |
| plate | 盘子;板块 | n. |
| responsible | 负责任的 | adj. |
| be responsible for | 对……负责 | phr. |
| expert | 专家 | n. |
| focus | 集中 | v. |
| focus on | 集中于 | phr. |
| addicted | 上瘾的 | adj. |
| be addicted to | 沉迷于 | phr. |
| adult | 成年人 | n. |
| generation | 一代人 | n. |
| attract | 吸引 | v. |
| attractive | 有吸引力的 | adj. |
| recommendation | 推荐 | n. |
| recommend | 推荐 | v. |
| youth | 青年 | n. |
| extra | 额外的 | adj. |
| advanced | 高级的;先进的 | adj. |
| graduate | 毕业 | v./n. |
| graduation | 毕业 | n. |
二、核心句型¶
-
prefer to do A rather than do B — 宁愿做A而不愿做B
- I prefer to read books rather than watch TV. -
find + it + adj. + to do — 发现做某事……
- Many freshmen find it difficult to adapt to high school life. -
suggest + that从句(should + 动词原形) — 建议……
- I suggest that you (should) join a club to make new friends.
三、语法要点¶
名词短语(Noun Phrases)¶
名词短语由”限定词+形容词+名词”构成,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。
- The tall boy in the classroom is our monitor.
- He bought a very interesting book about history.
构词法——派生法¶
- 前缀:re- (rewrite), un- (unhappy), dis- (disagree)
- 后缀:-tion (education), -ment (movement), -able (comfortable), -ful (useful)
四、写作指导¶
建议信写作要点:
- 开头:表明写信目的,说明了解对方困境
- 主体:提出具体建议(使用 First… Second… Finally… 等衔接词)
- 结尾:表达期望与鼓励
范文框架:
Dear …, I’m sorry to hear that you are having trouble with … Here are some suggestions. First, … Second, … Finally, … I hope you will find these suggestions helpful. Yours, …
五、易错点提醒¶
- prefer 的过去式需双写 r:preferred(不是 prefered)
- be addicted to 中 to 为介词,后接名词或 doing
- suggest 表示”建议”时,从句用虚拟语气(should + do);但 suggest 表示”暗示”时不用虚拟语气
Unit 2 Travelling Around¶
一、核心词汇与短语¶
| 英文 | 中文 | 词性 |
|---|---|---|
| destination | 目的地 | n. |
| amazing | 令人惊叹的 | adj. |
| narrow | 狭窄的 | adj. |
| flat | 平的 | adj. |
| empire | 帝国 | n. |
| emperor | 皇帝 | n. |
| site | 遗址;地点 | n. |
| official | 官方的;官员 | adj./n. |
| ancient | 古老的 | adj. |
| unique | 独特的 | adj. |
| admire | 欣赏;钦佩 | v. |
| package tour | 包价旅游 | phr. |
| check in | 登记入住 | phr. |
| check out | 退房结账 | phr. |
| credit card | 信用卡 | phr. |
| accommodation | 住宿 | n. |
| economic | 经济的 | adj. |
| economy | 经济 | n. |
| reliable | 可靠的 | adj. |
| source | 来源 | n. |
| contact | 联系 | v./n. |
| civilisation | 文明 | n. |
| landscape | 风景 | n. |
| rent | 租用 | v. |
| hike | 徒步旅行 | v. |
| flight | 航班 | n. |
| transport | 交通 | n./v. |
| apply for | 申请 | phr. |
| visa | 签证 | n. |
| passport | 护照 | n. |
| extremely | 极其 | adv. |
| powerful | 强大的 | adj. |
| belong to | 属于 | phr. |
二、核心句型¶
-
be + 现在分词 + 将来时间 — 现在进行时表将来(已安排好的计划)
- I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
- We are flying to Shanghai next week. -
It is amazing that… — ……令人惊叹
- It is amazing that the ancient city still looks so beautiful. -
not only… but also… — 不但……而且……
- You can not only enjoy the scenery but also learn about the culture.
三、语法要点¶
现在进行时表将来¶
表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,常用于位移类动词。
| 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 表计划中的将来 | I am meeting my friend at the airport tomorrow. |
| 表即将发生的动作 | The bus is coming. |
| 表近期安排 | They are getting married next month. |
常见动词:go, come, leave, arrive, fly, start, travel, stay, move 等。
四、写作指导¶
旅游手册/旅行攻略写作要点:
- 介绍目的地概况(地理位置、特色)
- 推荐必去景点与活动
- 提供实用建议(交通、住宿、最佳旅行时间)
- 语言生动,吸引读者
五、易错点提醒¶
- amazing(令人惊叹的,修饰物)与 amazed(感到惊叹的,修饰人)的区别
- arrive at(小地点)与 arrive in(大地点)的搭配区别
- now that(既然)= since,引导原因状语从句
Unit 3 Sports and Fitness¶
一、核心词汇与短语¶
| 英文 | 中文 | 词性 |
|---|---|---|
| athlete | 运动员 | n. |
| fitness | 健康;适合 | n. |
| championship | 冠军赛 | n. |
| champion | 冠军 | n. |
| determination | 决心 | n. |
| determined | 坚决的 | adj. |
| injure | 受伤 | v. |
| injury | 伤害 | n. |
| graceful | 优雅的 | adj. |
| strength | 力量 | n. |
| stress | 压力 | n./v. |
| positive | 积极的 | adj. |
| negative | 消极的 | adj. |
| compare | 比较 | v. |
| compare with | 与……比较 | phr. |
| diet | 饮食 | n. |
| balanced diet | 均衡饮食 | phr. |
| work out | 锻炼 | phr. |
| give up | 放弃 | phr. |
| make it | 成功做到 | phr. |
| track and field | 田径 | phr. |
| gym | 体育馆 | n. |
| sweat | 出汗 | v./n. |
| honour | 荣誉 | n. |
| medal | 奖牌 | n. |
| captain | 队长 | n. |
| compete | 竞争 | v. |
| competition | 比赛 | n. |
| competitor | 竞争者 | n. |
| physical | 身体的 | adj. |
| mentally | 精神上 | adv. |
| set a goal | 设定目标 | phr. |
| overcome | 克服 | v. |
二、核心句型¶
-
反意疑问句结构 — 前肯后否,前否后肯
- You like sports, don’t you?
- He can’t swim, can he? -
It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who… — 强调句
- It was his determination that led him to success. -
make + 宾语 + 宾补 — 使……成为
- Sports make us strong and healthy.
三、语法要点¶
反意疑问句¶
基本规则: 前肯后否,前否后肯,时态和人称保持一致。
| 特殊情况 | 例句 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| Let’s 开头 | Let’s go, shall we? | 用 shall we |
| Let us 开头 | Let us go, will you? | 用 will you |
| 含 never/hardly | He never swims, does he? | 否定词视为否定 |
| I am… | I am late, aren’t I? | 特殊用法 aren’t I |
| 含 think/believe + 从句 | I think he is right, isn’t he? | 跟从句主语 |
| 祈使句 | Open the door, will you? | 用 will you |
四、写作指导¶
演讲稿写作要点:
- 开头:引人注意的问候与引入
- 主体:分层次论述观点,用事例支撑
- 结尾:有力总结,呼吁行动
五、易错点提醒¶
- give up 后接 doing,不接 to do
- compare A with B(把A与B比较)与 compare A to B(把A比作B)的区别
- 反意疑问句中,few/little/never/hardly/seldom 等否定词出现时,附加问句用肯定形式
Unit 4 Natural Disasters¶
一、核心词汇与短语¶
| 英文 | 中文 | 词性 |
|---|---|---|
| disaster | 灾难 | n. |
| earthquake | 地震 | n. |
| flood | 洪水 | n./v. |
| drought | 干旱 | n. |
| landslide | 山体滑坡 | n. |
| typhoon | 台风 | n. |
| tsunami | 海啸 | n. |
| volcanic eruption | 火山喷发 | phr. |
| survive | 幸存 | v. |
| survivor | 幸存者 | n. |
| rescue | 营救 | n./v. |
| destroy | 摧毁 | v. |
| damage | 损害 | n./v. |
| ruin | 毁灭 | n./v. |
| shelter | 避难所 | n. |
| emergency | 紧急情况 | n. |
| shock | 休克;震惊 | n./v. |
| trap | 困住 | v./n. |
| bury | 埋葬 | v. |
| breath | 呼吸 | n. |
| breathless | 喘不过气的 | adj. |
| revive | 复苏 | v. |
| supply | 供应 | n./v. |
| aid | 援助 | n./v. |
| first aid | 急救 | phr. |
| strike | 袭击 | v. |
| affect | 影响 | v. |
| effect | 效果 | n. |
| region | 地区 | n. |
| ruins | 废墟 | n. |
| statistics | 统计数据 | n. |
| suffering | 痛苦 | n. |
| volunteer | 志愿者 | n. |
| donation | 捐赠 | n. |
二、核心句型¶
-
定语从句 that/which/who
- The earthquake that struck the city caused great damage.
- The rescue team who arrived first saved many lives. -
It seemed as if… — 似乎……
- It seemed as if the world were coming to an end. -
leave + 宾语 + 宾补(形容词/分词)
- The flood left many people homeless.
三、语法要点¶
定语从句(一)——that/which/who¶
关系代词用法对照:
| 关系代词 | 修饰对象 | 在从句中充当 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| that | 人/物 | 主语/宾语 | The book that is on the desk is mine. |
| which | 物 | 主语/宾语 | The car which he bought is expensive. |
| who | 人 | 主语/宾语 | The man who lives next door is a doctor. |
| whom | 人 | 宾语 | The girl whom I met yesterday is his sister. |
只用 that 的情况:
- 先行词被最高级修饰:This is the best movie that I have ever seen.
- 先行词是不定代词:Is there anything that I can do for you?
- 先行词被 the only/the very 修饰:This is the only book that I need.
四、写作指导¶
新闻报道写作要点:
- 标题简洁,概括事件
- 导语(首段)包含5W(Who/What/When/Where/Why)
- 主体段落详述经过与影响
- 结尾交代后续救援或影响
五、易错点提醒¶
- 定语从句中关系代词作宾语可省略,但介词后不可省
- that 和 which 都可指物,但非限制性定语从句中只能用 which
- strike 的过去式为 struck,过去分词为 struck
Unit 5 Languages Around the World¶
一、核心词汇与短语¶
| 英文 | 中文 | 词性 |
|---|---|---|
| symbol | 符号;象征 | n. |
| variety | 多样性 | n. |
| various | 各种各样的 | adj. |
| regard | 认为;看待 | v. |
| regard… as | 把……看作 | phr. |
| classic | 经典的 | adj. |
| classical | 古典的 | adj. |
| character | 字符;性格 | n. |
| appreciate | 欣赏;感激 | v. |
| demand | 要求 | n./v. |
| vocabulary | 词汇 | n. |
| struggle | 挣扎;努力 | v./n. |
| struggle with | 与……斗争 | phr. |
| specific | 具体的 | adj. |
| gap | 差距;间隙 | n. |
| bridge the gap | 消除隔阂 | phr. |
| native | 本族的;本地的 | adj. |
| native language | 母语 | phr. |
| tongue | 语言 | n. |
| mother tongue | 母语 | phr. |
| refer to | 指的是;参考 | phr. |
| major | 主要的 | adj. |
| bilingual | 双语的 | adj. |
| fluency | 流利 | n. |
| fluent | 流利的 | adj. |
| accent | 口音 | n. |
| carve | 雕刻 | v. |
| dynasty | 朝代 | n. |
| despite | 尽管 | prep. |
| global | 全球的 | adj. |
| officially | 官方地 | adv. |
二、核心句型¶
-
定语从句 where/when/whose/why
- This is the city where I was born.
- I remember the day when I first came to this school.
- The boy whose father is a teacher speaks English well. -
Even though/Though 引导让步状语从句
- Even though it was raining, we still went hiking. -
No matter + 疑问词
- No matter how difficult it is, I will never give up learning English.
三、语法要点¶
定语从句(二)——关系副词与介词+关系代词¶
关系副词:
| 关系副词 | 先行词 | 在从句中充当 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| when | 时间名词 | 时间状语 | I’ll never forget the day when I met her. |
| where | 地点名词 | 地点状语 | This is the school where I studied. |
| why | reason | 原因状语 | Tell me the reason why you were late. |
whose 的用法(表所属关系):
- The writer whose novel I am reading will give a speech tomorrow.
介词 + which/whom:
- The house in which he lives is very old. (= where)
- The person to whom I spoke is our principal. (= whom)
四、写作指导¶
说明文写作——语言学习经历/建议:
- 按时间线或逻辑顺序组织内容
- 使用举例和对比说明方法
- 注意衔接词的使用
五、易错点提醒¶
- where 可替换为 in/at/on + which,但不可替换为 that
- whose 既可指人也可指物:the book whose cover is red
- 介词 + which/whom 中,介词的选择取决于从句的动词搭配(如 look at → at which)
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