20260730 155734 高中英语高一下册知识点全梳理

高中英语·高一下册知识点全梳理 ¶

依据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2020年修订）》及人教版必修第二册整理

学习内容概览 ¶

单元	主题	核心知识点
Unit 1	Cultural Heritage 文化遗产	文化遗产词汇、限制性与非限制性定语从句
Unit 2	Wildlife Protection 野生动物保护	野生动物词汇、现在进行时被动语态、倡议书写作
Unit 3	The Internet 互联网	网络词汇、现在完成时被动语态、博客写作
Unit 4	History and Traditions 历史与传统	历史词汇、过去分词作定语和状语
Unit 5	Music 音乐	音乐词汇、过去分词作宾补和表语

Unit 1 Cultural Heritage ¶

一、核心词汇与短语 ¶

英文	中文	词性
heritage	遗产	n.
preserve	保护；保存	v.
promote	促进；推广	v.
temple	寺庙	n.
relic	遗物；遗迹	n.
creative	创造性的	adj.
historic	有历史意义的	adj.
historical	历史的	adj.
tradition	传统	n.
traditional	传统的	adj.
former	前者的	adj.
latter	后者的	adj.
conduct	组织；实施	v.
investigation	调查	n.
committee	委员会	n.
establish	建立	v.
limit	限制	n./v.
prevent	阻止	v.
prevent… from	阻止……做	phr.
loss	损失	n.
contribution	贡献	n.
make a contribution to	对……做出贡献	phr.
donate	捐赠	v.
attempt	试图	n./v.
worthwhile	值得的	adj.
professional	专业的	adj.
download	下载	v.
document	文件	n.
image	影像	n.
throughout	遍及	prep.
protest	抗议	v./n.
department	部门	n.
entrance	入口	n.
overseas	海外的	adj.
procession	队伍；行列	n.
mirror	反映	n./v.

二、核心句型 ¶

There is no doubt that… — 毫无疑问……
- There is no doubt that cultural heritage should be protected.
Not only… but also…（倒装用法）
- Not only does the project protect the temple, but it also promotes tourism.
It takes sb. time/money to do sth.
- It took the committee five years to restore the ancient temple.

三、语法要点 ¶

限制性 vs 非限制性定语从句 ¶

特征	限制性定语从句	非限制性定语从句
逗号	无逗号	有逗号隔开
关系词	that/which/who/where/when	which/who/whom/whose/where/when（不可用that）
作用	限定先行词，不可省略	补充说明，可省略
例句	The book that I bought is good.	The book, which I bought yesterday, is good.

whose 在非限制性定语从句中：
- Mr. Wang, whose son is studying abroad, teaches us English.

which 指代整个句子：
- He passed the exam, which made his parents very happy.

四、写作指导 ¶

文化遗产保护类作文要点：
- 背景：描述文化遗产现状与威胁
- 重要性：阐述保护的意义
- 措施：提出具体保护建议
- 呼吁：号召大家参与

五、易错点提醒 ¶

非限制性定语从句中不可使用 that
which 引导非限制性定语从句可指代前面整个句子
preserve（保护使不受损）与 reserve（保留储备）含义不同

Unit 2 Wildlife Protection ¶

一、核心词汇与短语 ¶

英文	中文	词性
wildlife	野生动植物	n.
species	物种	n.
endangered	濒危的	adj.
extinction	灭绝	n.
extinct	灭绝的	adj.
habitat	栖息地	n.
reserve	保护区；保留	n./v.
sanctuary	避难所；保护区	n.
conserve	保护	v.
conservation	保护	n.
hunt	狩猎	v./n.
hunter	猎人	n.
poacher	偷猎者	n.
adapt	适应	v.
adapt to	适应于	phr.
survive	幸存	v.
survival	幸存	n.
threat	威胁	n.
threaten	威胁	v.
decrease	减少	v./n.
increase	增加	v./n.
rate	比率	n.
effective	有效的	adj.
effect	效果	n.
affect	影响	v.
recover	恢复	v.
remind	提醒	v.
remind sb. of	使某人想起	phr.
aware	意识到的	adj.
be aware of	意识到	phr.
harmonious	和谐的	adj.
harmony	和谐	n.
live in harmony with	与……和谐共处	phr.
creature	生物	n.
habitat loss	栖息地丧失	phr.
predator	捕食者	n.
prey	猎物	n.

二、核心句型 ¶

现在进行时被动语态 — be + being + 过去分词
- The forest is being destroyed by illegal logging.
- More wildlife reserves are being established across the country.
It is high time that + 主语 + 过去式/should do — 是时候……了
- It is high time that we took action to protect endangered species.
Only + 状语 + 部分倒装
- Only by working together can we save these beautiful animals.

三、语法要点 ¶

现在进行时被动语态 ¶

结构： am/is/are + being + 过去分词

用法	例句
正在被做的动作	The bridge is being built now.
此阶段正在进行的被动行为	Many animals are being protected in the reserve.

对比四种被动形式：

时态	结构	例句
一般现在时被动	am/is/are + done	English is spoken here.
一般过去时被动	was/were + done	The house was built in 1990.
现在进行时被动	am/is/are + being + done	The room is being cleaned.
现在完成时被动	has/have + been + done	The work has been finished.

四、写作指导 ¶

倡议书写作要点：
- 标题醒目，点明主题
- 开头指出问题严重性
- 主体分条提出具体倡议行动
- 结尾富有感染力的呼吁

五、易错点提醒 ¶

affect（v. 影响）与 effect（n. 效果）易混淆
adapt to（适应）与 adopt（收养/采纳）形近意异
be being done 结构中 being 不可省略

Unit 3 The Internet ¶

一、核心词汇与短语 ¶

英文	中文	词性
blog	博客	n.
chat	聊天	v./n.
search engine	搜索引擎	phr.
download	下载	v.
upload	上传	v.
stream	流媒体	v./n.
identity	身份	n.
privacy	隐私	n.
private	私人的	adj.
identity theft	身份盗窃	phr.
account	账户	n.
password	密码	n.
trick	欺骗	v./n.
target	目标	n./v.
click	点击	v.
confirm	确认	v.
update	更新	v./n.
convenient	方便的	adj.
convenience	便利	n.
benefit	益处	n./v.
benefit from	从……受益	phr.
distance	距离	n.
keep in touch with	与……保持联系	phr.
addicted	上瘾的	adj.
be addicted to	沉迷于	phr.
cyberbullying	网络霸凌	n.
security	安全	n.
secure	安全的	adj.
guideline	指导方针	n.
database	数据库	n.
software	软件	n.
hardware	硬件	n.
network	网络	n.
online	在线的	adj./adv.
offline	离线的	adj./adv.
privacy settings	隐私设置	phr.
hacker	黑客	n.

二、核心句型 ¶

现在完成时被动语态 — has/have + been + 过去分词
- Personal information has been stolen by hackers.
- Many websites have been updated to improve security.
With 复合结构 — with + 宾语 + 宾补
- With the Internet developing rapidly, our life has changed greatly.
The more… the more… — 越……越……
- The more time you spend online, the less time you have for real life.

三、语法要点 ¶

现在完成时被动语态 ¶

结构： has/have + been + 过去分词

用法	例句
动作已完成且对现在有影响	The problem has been solved.
动作从过去持续到现在	The website has been maintained since 2010.

被动语态使用要点：
- 只有及物动词才有被动语态
- 带双宾语的动词变为被动时，可用直接或间接宾语作主语
- 含宾补的句子变被动，宾补变主补

四、写作指导 ¶

博客写作要点：
- 标题吸引眼球
- 第一人称视角，语气亲切
- 分段清晰，可使用小标题
- 结尾互动邀请评论

五、易错点提醒 ¶

has been done 强调”已完成”，has been being done 强调”一直在进行”（较少用）
convenient 主语通常为事物而非人
privacy（n. 隐私）与 private（adj. 私人的）词性不同

Unit 4 History and Traditions ¶

一、核心词汇与短语 ¶

英文	中文	词性
ancestor	祖先	n.
philosophy	哲学	n.
philosopher	哲学家	n.
descendant	后裔	n.
individual	个人	n./adj.
kingdom	王国	n.
military	军事的	adj.
conquer	征服	v.
battle	战役	n.
border	边界	n.
location	位置	n.
situated	位于的	adj.
be situated in	位于	phr.
remain	保持	v.
remaining	剩余的	adj.
ruins	废墟	n.
evidence	证据	n.
generous	慷慨的	adj.
gifted	有天赋的	adj.
transition	过渡	n.
transition from… to	从……过渡到	phr.
belong to	属于	phr.
join… to	把……连接到	phr.
break away from	脱离	phr.
refer to	指的是	phr.
defence	防御	n.
legal	合法的	adj.
chief	主要的	adj.
puzzle	谜	n.
puzzled	困惑的	adj.
fascinating	迷人的	adj.
currency	货币	n.
landscape	风景	n.
surname	姓氏	n.
achieve	实现	v.
achievement	成就	n.
location	位置	n.

二、核心句型 ¶

过去分词作定语
- The temple built in the Ming Dynasty is a famous landmark.
- The book written by him is very popular.
过去分词作状语
- Surrounded by mountains, the village is very beautiful.
- Given more time, we could have done better.
as 引导方式状语从句
- Do in Rome as the Romans do.（入乡随俗）

三、语法要点 ¶

过去分词（-ed 形式）¶

过去分词作定语：
- 单个过去分词前置：a broken glass, a written report
- 过去分词短语后置：the novel written by Lu Xun

过去分词作状语：

状语类型	例句	说明
原因状语	Tired out, he went to bed early.	= Because he was tired out…
时间状语	Asked about his opinion, he remained silent.	= When he was asked…
条件状语	Given enough time, we can finish it.	= If we are given…
让步状语	Beaten by the enemy, they still fought on.	= Although they were beaten…
伴随状语	He came in, followed by his dog.	表伴随状态

-ing vs -ed 区别：
- exciting（令人兴奋的，修饰物） vs excited（感到兴奋的，修饰人）
- The match was exciting. / The fans were excited.

四、写作指导 ¶

历史文化介绍写作要点：
- 按时间顺序或空间顺序展开
- 突出文化特色与历史意义
- 引用历史人物名言增强说服力
- 客观准确，避免主观臆断

五、易错点提醒 ¶

belong to 不可用被动语态，也不可用进行时
remain 作系动词时后接形容词/名词：The problem remains unsolved.
gifted（有天赋的）与 present（礼物）不要混淆

Unit 5 Music ¶

一、核心词汇与短语 ¶

英文	中文	词性
classical music	古典音乐	phr.
orchestra	管弦乐队	n.
conductor	指挥	n.
composer	作曲家	n.
rhythm	节奏	n.
melody	旋律	n.
beat	节拍	n./v.
harmony	和声	n.
instrument	乐器	n.
piano	钢琴	n.
violin	小提琴	n.
guitar	吉他	n.
perform	表演	v.
performance	表演	n.
performer	表演者	n.
audience	观众	n.
stage	舞台	n.
studio	录音室	n.
album	专辑	n.
originally	原本	adv.
origin	起源	n.
original	原始的；原创的	adj.
capable	有能力的	adj.
be capable of	有能力做	phr.
relief	缓解	n.
relieve	缓解	v.
cure	治愈	n./v.
treatment	治疗	n.
absorb	吸引；吸收	v.
be absorbed in	全神贯注于	phr.
impact	影响	n./v.
have an impact on	对……有影响	phr.
enable	使能够	v.
thus	因此	adv.
band	乐队	n.
rap	说唱	n.
folk music	民间音乐	phr.
jazz	爵士乐	n.
composition	作曲	n.

二、核心句型 ¶

过去分词作宾补 — have/get/make/find + 宾语 + 过去分词
- I had my guitar repaired yesterday.
- She found herself surrounded by fans.
过去分词作表语
- He was excited about the concert.
- The door remained closed.
虚拟语气 wish + 过去完成时 — 表过去遗憾
- I wish I had learned to play the piano when I was young.

三、语法要点 ¶

过去分词作宾补和表语 ¶

过去分词作宾补（宾语补足语）：

动词类型	结构	例句
have/get	have sth. done	I had my hair cut.（让某事被做）
make/keep	keep sth. done	Keep the door locked.（保持某状态）
find/leave	find sth. done	He found the window broken.（发现某状态）
see/hear/watch	see sth. done	I saw him taken away.（看到被做）
with	with sth. done	With the work finished, he went home.

过去分词作表语：
- The students are interested in the lecture.
- She looked disappointed at the news.
- 注意：此处过去分词已形容词化，表状态而非被动动作。

四、写作指导 ¶

音乐主题作文要点：
- 可写音乐与情感/生活的关系
- 描述个人音乐经历时注意细节
- 恰当使用音乐术语
- 结尾升华主题：音乐的力量与意义

五、易错点提醒 ¶

have sth. done（让某事被做/遭遇某事）与 have sb. do（让某人做）结构不同
be absorbed in 中 in 为介词，后接名词或 doing
audience 为集合名词，作主语时谓语动词可用单数或复数，取决于是否强调整体

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