20260730 155736 高中英语高二下册知识点全梳理

高中英语·高二下册知识点全梳理 ¶

依据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2020年修订）》及人教版选择性必修第一册、第二册整理

学习内容概览 ¶

单元	主题	核心知识点
选必1-Unit 1	People of Achievement 杰出人物	非限制性定语从句
选必1-Unit 2	Looking into the Future 展望未来	将来进行时
选必1-Unit 3	Fascinating Parks 迷人公园	-ing形式作定语和状语
选必1-Unit 4	Body Language 身体语言	-ing形式作主语和宾语
选必1-Unit 5	Working the Land 耕耘大地	-ed/-ing形式作状语
选必2-Unit 1	Science and Scientist 科学与科学家	过去完成时
选必2-Unit 2	Iconic Attractions 标志性景点	现在完成进行时
选必2-Unit 3	Food and Culture 饮食与文化	过去完成时被动语态
选必2-Unit 4	Journey Across a Vast Land 横越广袤大地	现在分词
选必2-Unit 5	First Aid 急救	虚拟语气(if从句)

选必1 Unit 1 People of Achievement ¶

一、核心词汇与短语 ¶

英文	中文	词性
achieve	实现	v.
achievement	成就	n.
acknowledge	承认	v.
apparently	显然地	adv.
crucial	至关重要的	adj.
committed	坚定的	adj.
commit	投入；犯（罪）	v.
commit oneself to	致力于	phr.
scientific	科学的	adj.
evaluate	评估	v.
evaluation	评估	n.
distinct	明显的；不同的	adj.
distinction	区别	n.
extract	提取	v./n.
institute	机构	n.
obtain	获得	v.
property	性质；财产	n.
limited	有限的	adj.
potential	潜力	n./adj.
circumstance	情况	n.
gradually	逐渐地	adv.
novel	新颖的	adj.
poetry	诗歌	n.
despite	尽管	prep.
devode to	致力于	phr.
lead to	导致	phr.
come up with	提出	phr.
insist on	坚持	phr.
by chance	偶然	phr.

二、核心句型 ¶

非限制性定语从句
- Tu Youyou, who was born in Ningbo, is a great scientist.
- The medicine, which was extracted from sweet wormwood, saved millions of lives.
upon/on + doing — 一……就
- Upon hearing the news, she burst into tears.
It is universally acknowledged that… — 众所周知
- It is universally acknowledged that hard work leads to success.

三、语法要点 ¶

非限制性定语从句（复习与深化）¶

关系词	先行词类型	例句
who	人（主语）	Einstein, who was a physicist, won the Nobel Prize.
whom	人（宾语）	The professor, whom I met yesterday, is famous.
which	物/整个句子	He failed the exam, which disappointed his parents.
whose	表所属	Tesla, whose inventions changed the world, was a genius.
when	时间	In 1905, when Einstein published his theory, he was unknown.
where	地点	Paris, where he studied, is a city of art.
介词+which/whom	—	The lab in which he worked was well-equipped.

四、写作指导 ¶

人物传记写作要点：
- 按时间顺序组织
- 突出主要成就与贡献
- 引用人物名言
- 客观叙述与适当评价结合

五、易错点提醒 ¶

非限制性定语从句中 that 不可替代 which/who
which 引导非限制性定语从句可指代前文整个句子
| 介词+which 结构中介词的选择取决于从句动词搭配

选必1 Unit 2 Looking into the Future ¶

一、核心词汇与短语 ¶

英文	中文	词性
将来进行时	future continuous	grammar
innovation	创新	n.
innovative	创新的	adj.
breakthrough	突破	n.
occupation	职业	n.
predict	预测	v.
prediction	预测	n.
opponent	反对者	n.
advocate	提倡	v./n.
resist	抵抗	v.
resistance	抵抗	n.
wire	导线	n.
wire	用线连接	v.
artificial	人工的	adj.
artificial intelligence	人工智能	phr.
integrate	整合	v.
remote	遥远的	adj.
relevant	相关的	adj.
efficiency	效率	n.
efficient	高效的	adj.
privacy	隐私	n.
secure	安全的	adj.
_warning	警告	n.
warn	警告	v.
fantasy	幻想	n.
fantastic	极好的	adj.
command	命令	n./v.
in this sense	从这个意义上	phr.

二、核心句型 ¶

将来进行时 — will be + doing
- This time tomorrow, I will be flying to London.
- In 2050, robots will be doing most household chores.
be likely to do — 可能做
- AI is likely to change every aspect of our lives.
There is no doubt that… — 毫无疑问
- There is no doubt that technology will continue to advance.

三、语法要点 ¶

将来进行时 ¶

结构： will/shall be + 现在分词

用法	例句
将来某时刻正在进行的动作	At 8 PM tonight, I will be watching a movie.
按计划将来会发生的动作	We will be staying at the Hilton Hotel.
表示委婉语气	I will be helping you with your project.

将来时态对比：

时态	结构	用法	例句
一般将来时	will do	将来事实/临时决定	I will call you tomorrow.
将来进行时	will be doing	将来某时正在进行	I will be working at 3 PM.
将来完成时	will have done	将来某时前完成	By 2030, I will have graduated.
be going to do	am/is/are going to do	已有计划的将来	I am going to study abroad.

四、写作指导 ¶

关于未来的议论文写作要点：
- 导入：描述科技发展趋势
- 主体：分析利弊，提出观点
- 论证：使用事例和数据支撑
- 结论：总结展望并给出建议

五、易错点提醒 ¶

将来进行时不用于表”意愿”或”承诺”，用一般将来时
be likely to 中 likely 是形容词，不是副词
resist 后接 doing（resist doing sth.）

选必1 Unit 3 Fascinating Parks ¶

一、核心词汇与短语 ¶

英文	中文	词性
fascinate	迷住	v.
fascinating	迷人的	adj.
fascinated	着迷的	adj.
nature	自然	n.
natural	自然的	adj.
conservation	保护	n.
wilderness	荒野	n.
territory	领土	n.
boundary	边界	n.
edge	边缘	n.
stunning	极美的	adj.
glacier	冰川	n.
valley	山谷	n.
waterfall	瀑布	n.
meadow	草地	n.
wildlife	野生动植物	n.
habitat	栖息地	n.
rare	稀有的	adj.
rare species	稀有物种	phr.
ban	禁止	v./n.
prohibit	禁止	v.
establish	建立	v.
stretch	延伸	v.
stretch out	延伸	phr.
appeal	吸引	v./n.
appeal to	对……有吸引力	phr.
incredible	难以置信的	adj.
diverse	多样的	adj.
on the move	在移动中	phr.
live off	以……为生	phr.
upside down	颠倒	phr.

二、核心句型 ¶

-ing 形式作定语
- The sleeping baby looks cute.（前置定语）
- The man standing by the river is a photographer.（后置定语）
-ing 形式作状语
- Walking along the trail, we saw a deer.（时间/伴随状语）
- Not knowing the way, he asked a local for help.（原因状语）
独立主格结构
- Weather permitting, we will go hiking tomorrow.

三、语法要点 ¶

-ing 形式作定语和状语 ¶

-ing 作定语：
- 单个 v-ing 前置：a running dog, boiling water
- v-ing 短语后置（相当于定语从句）：The girl sitting next to me (= who is sitting next to me) is my sister.

-ing 作状语：

类型	例句	=
时间	Hearing the news, she cried.	When she heard…
原因	Being poor, he couldn’t go to school.	Because he was poor…
条件	Working hard, you will succeed.	If you work hard…
让步	Admitting you are right, I still disagree.	Though I admit…
伴随	He sat there, reading a book.	—
结果	He died, leaving nothing.	—

四、写作指导 ¶

公园/自然景观描写要点：
- 按空间或路线顺序展开
- 运用感官细节描写（视觉、听觉、嗅觉）
- 使用丰富的形容词和比喻
- 融入对自然的感悟

五、易错点提醒 ¶

-ing 作状语时，其逻辑主语须与主句主语一致
-ing 的否定形式是 not doing（不是 don’t doing）
独立主格结构中 -ing 的逻辑主语与主句主语不同

选必1 Unit 4 Body Language ¶

一、核心词汇与短语 ¶

英文	中文	词性
gesture	手势	n.
facial expression	面部表情	phr.
posture	姿势	n.
interact	互动	v.
interaction	互动	n.
interpret	解释	v.
interpretation	解释	n.
convey	传达	v.
signal	信号	n./v.
communicate	交流	v.
communication	交流	n.
appropriate	适当的	adj.
inappropriate	不适当的	adj.
vary	变化	v.
variation	变化	n.
variety	种类	n.
cultural	文化的	adj.
universal	普遍的	adj.
accurate	准确的	adj.
accurately	准确地	adv.
fake	假的	adj.
genuine	真正的	adj.
respect	尊重	n./v.
contact	接触	n./v.
eye contact	眼神接触	phr.
approach	接近	v./n.
differ from	与……不同	phr.
by contrast	相比之下	phr.
break down	分解；崩溃	phr.
make sense	有意义	phr.

二、核心句型 ¶

-ing 形式作主语
- Crossing your arms can mean defensiveness.
- Smiling is a universal sign of friendliness.
-ing 形式作宾语
- I enjoy watching people’s body language.
- He avoided making eye contact.
It is no use doing — 做……没用
- It is no use crying over spilt milk.

三、语法要点 ¶

-ing 形式作主语和宾语 ¶

-ing 作主语：
- Reading books is a good habit.
- It is no good worrying about the past.（it 作形式主语）

-ing 作宾语：

动词后只接 doing	例句
enjoy, finish, avoid, mind	I enjoy listening to music.
suggest, consider, practice	She suggested going by bus.
give up, put off, keep on	He gave up smoking last year.
can’t help, feel like	I can’t help laughing.

介词后接 doing：
- He is good at singing.
- Thank you for helping me.
- be used to / look forward to / object to（to 为介词）

四、写作指导 ¶

说明文——身体语言与文化：
- 定义身体语言的概念与分类
- 举例说明不同文化的差异
- 分析身体语言的交际功能
- 强调跨文化理解的必要性

五、易错点提醒 ¶

有些动词后只能接 doing（enjoy, finish, avoid），有些只能接 to do（decide, hope, agree）
to 在 look forward to/be used to/object to 中是介词，后接 doing
-ing 作主语时谓语动词用单数

选必1 Unit 5 Working the Land ¶

一、核心词汇与短语 ¶

英文	中文	词性
agriculture	农业	n.
agricultural	农业的	adj.
crop	庄稼	n.
harvest	收获	n./v.
yield	产量	n./v.
seed	种子	n.
soil	土壤	n.
fertile	肥沃的	adj.
fertilizer	化肥	n.
conventional	传统的	adj.
organic	有机的	adj.
generate	产生	v.
generation	一代	n.
nutrition	营养	n.
nutritional	营养的	adj.
devote	奉献	v.
devote to	致力于	phr.
shortage	短缺	n.
tackle	解决	v.
crisis	危机	n.
expand	扩大	v.
expansion	扩大	n.
output	产量	n.
realistic	现实的	adj.
reality	现实	n.
estimate	估计	v./n.
domestic	国内的	adj.
deep down	在内心深处	phr.
in need	在困难中	phr.

二、核心句型 ¶

-ed 形式作状语
- Given more time, he would have finished the experiment.
- Exhausted after a day’s work, he fell asleep quickly.
-ing 形式作状语（对比）
- Knowing the importance of agriculture, he devoted his life to farming research.
Not only… but also…（倒装）
- Not only did he improve crop yields, but he also helped reduce poverty.

三、语法要点 ¶

-ed 与 -ing 作状语对比 ¶

形式	逻辑关系	例句
-ing（主动/进行）	主语主动发出动作	Seeing the teacher, he stood up.
-ed（被动/完成）	主语承受动作	Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful.
having done（完成式-ing）	动作先于主句谓语	Having finished his homework, he went out.
having been done（完成被动）	被动且先于主句	Having been told many times, he still made mistakes.

选择 -ing 还是 -ed：
- 与主句主语是主动关系 → -ing
- 与主句主语是被动关系 → -ed

四、写作指导 ¶

关于农业与粮食问题的作文要点：
- 阐述粮食安全的紧迫性
- 介绍农业科技创新的贡献
- 分析面临的挑战（人口、土地、气候）
- 提出可持续发展建议

五、易错点提醒 ¶

-ed 形式作状语表被动和完成，-ing 表主动和进行
having done 强调动作发生在主句动作之前
devoted to / devoted oneself to 中 to 是介词

选必2 Unit 1 Science and Scientist ¶

一、核心词汇与短语 ¶

英文	中文	词性
scientific	科学的	adj.
scientist	科学家	n.
theory	理论	n.
theoretical	理论的	adj.
proof	证据	n.
prove	证明	v.
investigate	调查	v.
investigation	调查	n.
subscribe	同意	v.
subscribe to	赞同	phr.
suspect	怀疑	v./n.
suspect	嫌疑犯	n.
blame	责备	v./n.
be to blame	该受责备	phr.
handle	处理	v.
link	联系	n./v.
link… to	把……与……联系	phr.
raw	生的；原始的	adj.
severe	严重的	adj.
decrease	减少	v./n.
statistic	统计数据	n.
transform	转变	v.
transformation	转变	n.
initially	起初	adv.
outbreak	爆发	n.
defend	防御	v.
defence	防御	n.
assistant	助手	n.
assist	协助	v.
contradictory	矛盾的	adj.
apart from	除……之外	phr.

二、核心句型 ¶

过去完成时 — had + 过去分词
- By the time he arrived, the meeting had already ended.
- She realized she had left her keys at home.
It was not until… that… — 直到……才
- It was not until he tested the theory that he found the truth.
No sooner… than… / Hardly… when… — 一……就
- No sooner had he arrived than the phone rang.

三、语法要点 ¶

过去完成时 ¶

结构： had + 过去分词

用法	例句
过去某时前已完成	By 2010, he had published three papers.
表过去某动作前已发生	When I got there, the train had left.
用于间接引语	He said he had finished the work.
与 hope/expect/intend 等连用表未实现的愿望	I had hoped to see her, but she was away.

常见时间标志： by the time, by the end of, before, after, when, until

四、写作指导 ¶

科学发现/实验报告写作要点：
- 背景：介绍科学问题与研究动机
- 过程：描述研究方法与步骤
- 发现：呈现实验结果与数据
- 结论：总结科学发现的意义

五、易错点提醒 ¶

过去完成时必须有明确的过去时间参照点
be to blame 用主动形式表被动含义
No sooner/Hardly 置于句首时主句需部分倒装

选必2 Unit 2 Iconic Attractions ¶

一、核心词汇与短语 ¶

英文	中文	词性
iconic	标志性的	adj.
icon	图标；偶像	n.
located	位于的	adj.
be located in	位于	phr.
foundation	基础	n.
founded	建立	v.（过去式）
distribution	分布	n.
distribute	分配	v.
equator	赤道	n.
tropical	热带的	adj.
temperate	温带的	adj.
habitat	栖息地	n.
species	物种	n.
unique	独特的	adj.
koala	考拉	n.
kangaroo	袋鼠	n.
migrated	迁移的	v.（过去式）
migrate	迁徙	v.
migration	迁徙	n.
freedom	自由	n.
free	自由的	adj.
dive	潜水	v./n.
snorkel	浮潜	v.
reef	礁	n.
sponsor	赞助	v./n.
liberty	自由	n.
landscape	风景	n.
retreat	撤退	v./n.
take up	占据	phr.
in contact with	与……接触	phr.

二、核心句型 ¶

现在完成进行时 — has/have + been + doing
- He has been traveling around the world for two years.
- They have been working on this project since January.
Not only… but also…
- This country is not only famous for its wildlife but also for its beaches.
What引导的主语从句
- What impressed me most was the Great Barrier Reef.

三、语法要点 ¶

现在完成进行时 ¶

结构： has/have been + 现在分词

用法	例句
从过去持续到现在的动作（仍在进行）	I have been studying English for 10 years.
刚结束且对现在有影响的动作	She has been crying.（眼睛还红着）

现在完成时 vs 现在完成进行时：

时态	侧重点	例句
现在完成时	动作已完成/结果	I have read the book.（读完了）
现在完成进行时	动作持续/过程	I have been reading the book.（还在读）

四、写作指导 ¶

旅游目的地介绍写作要点：
- 概述地理位置与特色
- 介绍标志性景点/动物
- 推荐特色活动与体验
- 提供旅行实用建议

五、易错点提醒 ¶

静态动词（know, believe, belong）一般不用进行时
现在完成进行时强调动作的持续性，不强调完成
migrate（迁徙）与 emigrate（移居国外）/immigrate（移入）区别

选必2 Unit 3 Food and Culture ¶

一、核心词汇与短语 ¶

英文	中文	词性
cuisine	烹饪；菜肴	n.
recipe	食谱	n.
ingredient	配料	n.
flavour	味道	n.
spicy	辣的	adj.
consist of	由……组成	phr.
portion	份量	n.
prior	先前的	adj.
prior to	在……之前	phr.
exception	例外	n.
exceptional	杰出的	adj.
moderate	适度的	adj.
quantity	数量	n.
quality	质量	n.
organic	有机的	adj.
nutrition	营养	n.
nutritious	有营养的	adj.
fibre	纤维	n.
protein	蛋白质	n.
vitamin	维生素	n.
consume	消费；食用	v.
consumer	消费者	n.
stable	稳定的	adj.
stability	稳定性	n.
association	协会	n.
associate A with B	把A与B联系起来	phr.
regardless of	不管	phr.
cut down	减少	phr.

二、核心句型 ¶

过去完成时被动语态 — had + been + 过去分词
- The dish had been prepared before the guests arrived.
- By the time we got there, the restaurant had been closed.
It is/was said that… — 据说
- It is said that this dish dates back to the Tang Dynasty.
Not until… did… — 直到……才（倒装）
- Not until I visited Sichuan did I understand the appeal of spicy food.

三、语法要点 ¶

过去完成时被动语态 ¶

结构： had been + 过去分词

用法	例句
过去某时前已完成且被承受	The report had been finished before the deadline.
间接引语中的被动	He said the work had been done.

四、写作指导 ¶

饮食文化作文要点：
- 介绍地方特色菜肴与食材
- 分析饮食与地域文化的关系
- 对比不同地区饮食差异
- 探讨健康饮食理念

五、易错点提醒 ¶

consist of 不可用被动（不可以说 is consisted of）
regardless of 后面不能接句子，要接名词或 doing
quantity（数量）与 quality（质量）拼写相似但含义完全不同

选必2 Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land ¶

一、核心词汇与短语 ¶

英文	中文	词性
journey	旅程	n.
vast	广袤的	adj.
scenery	风景	n.
spectacular	壮观的	adj.
bound	开往	adj.
be bound for	开往	phr.
literally	字面上地	adv.
frost	霜	n.
bay	海湾	n.
harbour	港口	n.
peak	山峰	n.
massive	巨大的	adj.
highlight	亮点	n./v.
proceed	继续进行	v.
procedure	程序	n.
drill	钻	v./n.
freeze	冻结	v.
freezing	极冷的	adj.
forecast	预报	v./n.
antique	古董	n./adj.
pleasant	令人愉快的	adj.
pleasure	快乐	n.
aboard	在（车/船/飞机）上	prep./adv.
take one’s breath away	令人叹为观止	phr.
a bunch of	一束/一堆	phr.
rather than	而不是	phr.

二、核心句型 ¶

现在分词作伴随状语
- They traveled across the country, enjoying the spectacular scenery.
- Looking out of the window, she saw snow-capped mountains.
分词的完成式 having done
- Having arrived at the station, they bought their tickets.
as 引导时间状语从句
- As the train moved northward, the temperature dropped.

三、语法要点 ¶

现在分词综合应用 ¶

现在分词的七种功能：

功能	例句
定语	The running boy is my brother.
状语（时间）	Entering the room, I found a letter.
状语（原因）	Being ill, he stayed at home.
状语（伴随）	She sat there, reading a book.
状语（结果）	He died, leaving a large fortune.
宾补	I saw him crossing the street.
主语/宾语	Swimming is good for health.

四、写作指导 ¶

游记写作要点：
- 按旅程路线或时间展开
- 详写印象深刻的场景
- 穿插个人感受与思考
- 使用生动的描写性语言

五、易错点提醒 ¶

现在分词作伴随状语不能用 being doing 形式
having done 表示分词动作先于主句谓语动词
scenery 是不可数名词，不可加 a/复数

选必2 Unit 5 First Aid ¶

一、核心词汇与短语 ¶

英文	中文	词性
first aid	急救	phr.
injury	伤害	n.
injured	受伤的	adj.
wound	伤口	n./v.
bleeding	出血	n.
bleed	流血	v.
symptom	症状	n.
vital	至关重要的	adj.
vital signs	生命体征	phr.
pulse	脉搏	n.
breathe	呼吸	v.
breath	呼吸	n.
unconscious	无意识的	adj.
conscious	有意识的	adj.
poison	毒	n./v.
poison	毒品	n.
swollen	肿胀的	adj.
swell	肿胀	v.
bandage	绷带	n./v.
ambulance	救护车	n.
emergency	紧急情况	n.
procedure	程序	n.
vital	生命的	adj.
technique	技术	n.
technical	技术的	adj.
practical	实用的	adj.
apply	应用	v.
application	应用/申请	n.
in place	在适当位置	phr.
sense of touch	触觉	phr.
stick to	坚持	phr.

二、核心句型 ¶

虚拟语气 if 从句
- If I were you, I would learn first aid.（与现在事实相反）
- If he had known first aid, he could have saved the boy.（与过去事实相反）
- If it should rain tomorrow, we would cancel the trip.（对将来的假设）
If 的省略与倒装
- Were I you, I would call an ambulance.
- Had he known, he would have acted differently.
It is essential that + (should) do — ……是必须的
- It is essential that everyone (should) know basic first aid.

三、语法要点 ¶

虚拟语气——if 条件从句 ¶

类型	if 从句	主句	例句
与现在相反	were/did	would/could/should/might + do	If I were rich, I would travel the world.
与过去相反	had + done	would/could/should/might + have done	If I had studied harder, I would have passed.
与将来相反	did/should do/were to do	would/could/should/might + do	If it should rain, we would stay home.

if 省略时的倒装：
- Were I you = If I were you
- Had I known = If I had known
- Should it rain = If it should rain

错综时间虚拟语气：
- If I had taken the medicine yesterday, I would be fine now.（从句过去，主句现在）

四、写作指导 ¶

说明文——急救指南写作要点：
- 明确急救场景与目标
- 步骤清晰，按顺序编号
- 语言简洁准确，突出关键动作
- 附注注意事项与禁忌

五、易错点提醒 ¶

-虚拟语气中 be 动词所有人均用 were
- if 省略倒装时不可用 did/didn’t，需用 were/had/should
- suggest/order/demand 等动词后的 that 从句也用虚拟语气 (should + do)

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