20260730 155737 高中英语高三上册知识点全梳理

高中英语·高三上册知识点全梳理 ¶

依据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2020年修订）》及人教版选择性必修第三册、第四册整理

学习内容概览 ¶

单元	主题	核心知识点
选必3-Unit 1	Art 艺术	虚拟语气(wish/as if/subjunctive mood)
选必3-Unit 2	Healthy Lifestyle 健康生活方式	过去分词
选必3-Unit 3	Environmental Protection 环境保护	直接引语与间接引语
选必3-Unit 4	Adversity and Courage 逆境与勇气	动词时态综合
选必3-Unit 5	Poems 诗歌	倒装句
选必4-Unit 1	Science Fiction 科幻小说	将来完成时
选必4-Unit 2	Business 商业	it 强调句
选必4-Unit 3	Sea Exploration 海洋探索	现在完成进行时
选必4-Unit 4	Sharing 分享	非谓语动词综合
选必4-Unit 5	Launching Your Career 开启职业生涯	长难句分析

选必3 Unit 1 Art ¶

一、核心词汇与短语 ¶

英文	中文	词性
art	艺术	n.
artist	艺术家	n.
artistic	艺术的	adj.
gallery	画廊	n.
exhibition	展览	n.
exhibit	展出	v.
sculpture	雕塑	n.
painting	绘画	n.
realistic	写实的	adj.
abstract	抽象的	adj.
influence	影响	n./v.
influential	有影响力的	adj.
emerge	出现	v.
emergence	出现	n.
reflect	反映	v.
reflection	反映	n.
convey	传达	v.
represent	代表	v.
reputation	名声	n.
dimension	维度	n.
technique	技法	n.
visual	视觉的	adj.
medium	媒介	n.
precise	精确的	adj.
precisely	精确地	adv.
particularly	特别地	adv.
breakthrough	突破	n.
subjective	主观的	adj.
objective	客观的	adj.
in particular	特别地	phr.
be fond of	喜爱	phr.
appeal to	吸引	phr.
bring out	使显现	phr.

二、核心句型 ¶

wish + 虚拟语气
- I wish I were a great painter.（与现在相反）
- I wish I had visited the museum.（与过去相反）
- I wish it would stop raining.（与将来相反）
as if / as though + 虚拟语气
- He talks as if he knew everything about art.
- She looks as if she had seen a ghost.
It is high time that + 过去式/should do
- It is high time that we appreciated traditional art.

三、语法要点 ¶

虚拟语气综合 ¶

wish 后的虚拟语气：

时间	形式	例句
与现在相反	were/did	I wish I were taller.
与过去相反	had done	I wish I had studied harder.
与将来相反	would/could do	I wish you would come tomorrow.

as if/as though 后虚拟：
- 与现在相反：He treats me as if I were a child.
- 与过去相反：He talks as though he had been there.

其他虚拟语气用法：
- would rather + 过去式：I would rather you didn’t smoke.
- It is time that + 过去式：It is time that we left.
- suggest/demand/insist/order + (should) do：I suggest that he (should) go now.

四、写作指导 ¶

艺术评论写作要点：
- 描述作品内容与风格
- 分析技法与色彩运用
- 评价艺术价值与意义
- 表达个人审美感受

五、易错点提醒 ¶

wish 与 hope 的区别：hope 后接真实可能的事，wish 后接虚拟
as if 后可接真实情况（不用虚拟），看是否与事实相反
would rather 后接动词原形，但接从句时用过去式

选必3 Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle ¶

一、核心词汇与短语 ¶

英文	中文	词性
physical	身体的	adj.
mental	心理的	adj.
psychology	心理学	n.
psychologist	心理学家	n.
habit	习惯	n.
habitual	习惯性的	adj.
routine	日常/常规	n.
negative	消极的	adj.
positive	积极的	adj.
anxiety	焦虑	n.
anxious	焦虑的	adj.
depressed	抑郁的	adj.
depression	抑郁	n.
stress	压力	n./v.
stressful	有压力的	adj.
relax	放松	v.
relaxation	放松	n.
balanced	平衡的	adj.
balance	平衡	n./v.
moderate	适度的	adj.
excessive	过度的	adj.
physician	医生	n.
specialist	专家	n.
surgery	手术	n.
外科	surgeon	n.
nutritious	有营养的	adj.
nutrition	营养	n.
consist of	由……组成	phr.
rely on	依赖	phr.
participate in	参与	phr.
be composed of	由……组成	phr.

二、核心句型 ¶

过去分词作状语
- Motivated by the doctor’s words, he started exercising.
- Given a proper diet, patients recover faster.
Not only… but also…（倒装）
- Not only does exercise improve physical health, but it also benefits mental well-being.
It is reported that… — 据报道
- It is reported that regular exercise can reduce anxiety by 50%.

三、语法要点 ¶

过去分词综合复习 ¶

过去分词的功能总结：

功能	例句
定语	The book written by him is popular.
表语	She was surprised at the result.
宾补	I had my computer repaired.
状语（原因）	Tired out, he fell asleep.
状语（时间）	Asked about it, he said nothing.
状语（条件）	Given more time, we could do better.
状语（让步）	Though warned, he still went.
状语（伴随）	He sat there, lost in thought.

四、写作指导 ¶

健康生活类作文要点：
- 指出不良生活习惯的危害
- 阐述健康生活方式的要素
- 提供具体可操作的建议
- 呼吁养成良好习惯

五、易错点提醒 ¶

physical（身体的）与 physics（物理学）不要混淆
consist of 不可用被动形式
moderate 意为”适度的”而非”现代的”（modern）

选必3 Unit 3 Environmental Protection ¶

一、核心词汇与短语 ¶

英文	中文	词性
environment	环境	n.
environmental	环境的	adj.
ecology	生态学	n.
ecological	生态的	adj.
fossil fuel	化石燃料	phr.
carbon	碳	n.
carbon footprint	碳足迹	phr.
emission	排放	n.
emit	排放	v.
greenhouse effect	温室效应	phr.
global warming	全球变暖	phr.
climate	气候	n.
climate change	气候变化	phr.
consequence	后果	n.
consequently	因此	adv.
sustainable	可持续的	adj.
sustainability	可持续性	n.
renewable	可再生的	adj.
solar energy	太阳能	phr.
recycling	回收利用	n.
recycle	回收	v.
preserve	保护	v.
conservation	保护	n.
habitat	栖息地	n.
species	物种	n.
extinct	灭绝的	adj.
extinction	灭绝	n.
reduce	减少	v.
reduction	减少	n.
carry out	实施	phr.
result in	导致	phr.
in response to	响应	phr.

二、核心句型 ¶

直接引语变间接引语
- He said, “I am worried about climate change.” → He said (that) he was worried about climate change.
- She asked, “Have you recycled the bottles?” → She asked if/whether I had recycled the bottles.
It is urgent that + (should) do — ……是紧迫的
- It is urgent that we (should) take action to reduce carbon emissions.
The more… the more…
- The more we protect the environment, the better our future will be.

三、语法要点 ¶

直接引语与间接引语 ¶

人称变化： I/we → he/she/they；my/our → his/her/their

时态变化（主句为过去时态时）：

直接引语	间接引语	例句
一般现在时	一般过去时	“I like it.” → He said he liked it.
现在进行时	过去进行时	“I am reading.” → She said she was reading.
现在完成时	过去完成时	“I have finished.” → He said he had finished.
一般过去时	过去完成时	“I saw him.” → She said she had seen him.
一般将来时	过去将来时	“I will go.” → He said he would go.

指示词变化： this→that; these→those; here→there; now→then; today→that day; tomorrow→the next day; yesterday→the day before

疑问句变间接引语：
- 一般疑问句用 if/whether引导
- 特殊疑问句保留疑问词
- 语序改为陈述语序

四、写作指导 ¶

环保类议论文写作要点：
- 引出环境问题及其严重性
- 分析原因与后果
- 提出解决方案（政府/个人层面）
- 呼吁行动

五、易错点提醒 ¶

主句为现在时/将来时，间接引语时态不变化
祈使句变间接引语用 tell/ask sb. to do
疑问句变间接引语后语序为陈述语序（不是疑问语序）

选必3 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage ¶

一、核心词汇与短语 ¶

英文	中文	词性
adversity	逆境	n.
courage	勇气	n.
courageous	勇敢的	adj.
endure	忍受	v.
endurance	忍耐力	n.
hardship	困苦	n.
survive	幸存	v.
survival	幸存	n.
rescue	营救	n./v.
desperate	绝望的	adj.
desperation	绝望	n.
abandon	放弃	v.
determination	决心	n.
determined	坚决的	adj.
persevere	坚持	v.
perseverance	毅力	n.
navigation	导航	n.
navigate	导航	v.
voyage	航行	n.
expedition	探险	n.
crew	船员	n.
aboard	在船上	prep./adv.
freeze	冻结	v.
freezing	极冷的	adj.
furnish	布置	v.
shelf	架子	n.
belong	属于	v.
belongings	所有物	n.
give way to	让步于	phr.
hold on	坚持	phr.
set out	出发	phr.

二、核心句型 ¶

动词时态综合运用
- They had been sailing for months when the storm hit.（过去完成进行时）
- By the time they were rescued, they had endured incredible hardships.
It was not until… that… — 直到……才
- It was not until help arrived that they felt safe.
No matter how/what/where…
- No matter how difficult the journey was, they never gave up.

时态	结构	用法	例句
一般现在时	do/does	习惯/真理/状态	The sun rises in the east.
一般过去时	did	过去事实	He arrived yesterday.
一般将来时	will do	将来事实	I will be there.
现在进行时	am/is/are doing	此时正在	She is reading now.
过去进行时	was/were doing	过去某时正在进行	He was studying at 8 PM.
现在完成时	have/has done	过去延续到现在	I have lived here for 5 years.
过去完成时	had done	过去某时前已完成	By then, he had left.
过去将来时	would do	过去看来将要	He said he would come.

四、写作指导 ¶

逆境与勇气类记叙文写作要点：
- 背景：交代逆境处境
- 发展：描述面对困难的行动
- 高潮：呈现关键时刻的抉择
- 胜利：展示克服困难的结果
- 感悟：升华主题

五、易错点提醒 ¶

过去完成进行时 had been doing 强调持续到过去某时
survive 后接名词不加 from（survive the earthquake，不是 survive from）
belongings（所有物）为复数名词

选必3 Unit 5 Poems ¶

一、核心词汇与短语 ¶

英文	中文	词性
poem	诗歌	n.
poet	诗人	n.
poetry	诗歌（总称）	n.
poetic	诗意的	adj.
rhyme	押韵	n./v.
rhythm	节奏	n.
verse	诗句	n.
stanza	诗节	n.
line	诗行	n.
imagery	意象	n.
metaphor	隐喻	n.
simile	明喻	n.
represent	代表	v.
convey	传达	v.
emotion	情感	n.
emotional	情感的	adj.
inspire	鼓舞	v.
inspiration	灵感	n.
delicate	精美的	adj.
vivid	生动的	adj.
express	表达	v.
expression	表达	n.
sorrow	悲伤	n.
joyful	快乐的	adj.
recite	朗诵	v.
convey	传达	v.
in particular	特别是	phr.
take… seriously	认真对待	phr.
compared to	与……相比	phr.

二、核心句型 ¶

完全倒装
- On the table lies a book of poems.（介词短语 + 不及物动词 + 主语）
- Here comes the poet.
部分倒装
- Never have I read such a beautiful poem.（否定词置于句首）
- Not only did he write poems, but he also painted.
Only + 状语 + 倒装
- Only by reading poetry can we appreciate its beauty.

三、语法要点 ¶

倒装句 ¶

完全倒装： 谓语全部置于主语之前

类型	例句
地点/方位词在句首	On the wall hangs a painting.
here/there 在句首	Here comes the bus.
表语在句首	Gone are the days when we were young.

部分倒装： 助动词/情态动词置于主语之前

触发条件	例句
否定词在句首	Never have I seen such beauty. / Hardly had he finished when…
Only + 状语在句首	Only then did I realize my mistake.
Not only 在句首	Not only is he a poet, but he is also a painter.
So/Nor/Neither 在句首	He likes poetry. So do I. / He can’t sing. Neither can I.
虚拟条件省略if	Were I you, I would learn poetry.
as 引导让步	Child as he is, he knows a lot.

四、写作指导 ¶

诗歌鉴赏/创作要点：
- 分析诗歌形式（押韵、节奏、结构）
- 解读意象与修辞手法
- 理解情感与主题
- 尝试仿写或创作短诗

五、易错点提醒 ¶

here/there 引导倒装时，主语为代词则不倒装
Not only… but also 中 only not also 后均需倒装？不对——只有 not only 置句首时前句倒装
as 引导让步倒装时，名词前不加冠词

选必4 Unit 1 Science Fiction ¶

一、核心词汇与短语 ¶

英文	中文	词性
fiction	小说	n.
fictional	虚构的	adj.
science fiction	科幻小说	phr.
robot	机器人	n.
artificial	人工的	adj.
artificial intelligence	人工智能	phr.
android	仿生人	n.
programme	编程	v.
guilty	有罪的；内疚的	adj.
guilt	罪恶感	n.
dignity	尊严	n.
income	收入	n.
appointment	预约	n.
appoint	任命	v.
nail	钉子	n.
sale	销售	n.
conflict	冲突	n.
relationship	关系	n.
declare	宣布	v.
declaration	宣言	n.
obey	服从	v.
disobey	不服从	v.
resist	抵抗	v.
resistance	抵抗	n.
superior	优越的	adj.
inferior	低等的	adj.
more like	更像是	phr.
on a… basis	以……为基础	phr.
take… seriously	认真对待	phr.
with wonder	惊奇地	phr.

二、核心句型 ¶

将来完成时 — will have + 过去分词
- By 2050, scientists will have created intelligent robots.
- By next year, I will have graduated from university.
It is likely that… — 很可能
- It is likely that AI will surpass human intelligence someday.
Whatever/However 引导让步状语从句
- Whatever happens, humans must remain in control of technology.

三、语法要点 ¶

将来完成时 ¶

结构： will/shall have + 过去分词

用法	例句
将来某时前已完成	By the end of this year, I will have learned 3000 words.
表推测	He will have arrived by now.

将来时态对比：

时态	结构	侧重点
一般将来时	will do	将来事实
将来进行时	will be doing	将来某时正在做
将来完成时	will have done	将来某时前完成

四、写作指导 ¶

科幻故事写作要点：
- 构建合理的未来世界观
- 设定科学/技术元素
- 设计人物冲突（人vs机器）
- 探讨科技伦理问题
- 结尾可有悬念或反思

五、易错点提醒 ¶

by + 将来时间 → 将来完成时；by + 过去时间 → 过去完成时
superior to（不用 than）：A is superior to B
obey 后不接 to（obey rules，不是 obey to rules）

选必4 Unit 2 Business ¶

一、核心词汇与短语 ¶

英文	中文	词性
business	商业	n.
commerce	商业	n.
commercial	商业的	adj.
invest	投资	v.
investment	投资	n.
investor	投资者	n.
profit	利润	n.
profitable	有利可图的	adj.
budget	预算	n.
fund	资金	n./v.
enterprise	企业	n.
entrepreneur	企业家	n.
manufacture	制造	v.
manufacturer	制造商	n.
product	产品	n.
production	生产	n.
consumer	消费者	n.
consume	消费	v.
consumption	消费	n.
negotiate	谈判	v.
negotiation	谈判	n.
strategy	策略	n.
strategic	战略的	adj.
target	目标	n./v.
brand	品牌	n.
promote	推广	v.
promotion	促销	n.
economy	经济	n.
economic	经济的	adj.
import	进口	v./n.
export	出口	v./n.
take over	接管	phr.
look into	调查	phr.

二、核心句型 ¶

It 强调句
- It was in 1990 that the company was founded.
- It is hard work that leads to success.
- It was Steve Jobs who/that founded Apple.
强调句的一般疑问句
- Was it in Beijing that you met him?
强调句的特殊疑问句
- Where was it that you lost your wallet?

三、语法要点 ¶

it 强调句 ¶

结构： It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其余部分

可强调的成分：
- 主语：It was Tom that/who broke the window.
- 宾语：It was the window that Tom broke.
- 状语：It was yesterday that Tom broke the window.

强调句的判断方法： 去掉 It is/was…that/who 后，剩余部分仍为完整句子。

强调句 vs 形式主语：
- 强调句：It was in 1990 that he was born.（去掉框架：In 1990 he was born. ✓ 完整）
- 形式主语：It is important to learn English.（去掉框架：important to learn English. ✗ 不完整）

not… until 的强调句：
- It was not until midnight that he came back.

四、写作指导 ¶

商业评论/报告写作要点：
- 介绍企业背景与市场环境
- 分析竞争优势与挑战
- 使用数据支撑论点
- 提出战略建议

五、易错点提醒 ¶

强调句强调人时可用 who 或 that，强调物/时间/地点等只能用 that
区分强调句和形式主语句：看去掉框架后句子是否完整
economic（经济的）与 economical（节约的）含义不同

选必4 Unit 3 Sea Exploration ¶

一、核心词汇与短语 ¶

英文	中文	词性
exploration	探索	n.
explore	探索	v.
ocean	海洋	n.
marine	海洋的	adj.
vessel	船只	n.
submarine	潜艇	n.
depth	深度	n.
deep	深的	adj.
dive	潜水	v./n.
diver	潜水员	n.
current	洋流	n.
tide	潮汐	n.
coral	珊瑚	n.
reef	礁石	n.
maritime	海事的	adj.
navigation	航海	n.
navigate	航行	v.
navigate	导航	v.
legendary	传说的	adj.
legend	传说	n.
account	叙述	n.
take into account	考虑到	phr.
migration	迁徙	n.
migrate	迁徙	v.
Antarctica	南极洲	n.
Arctic	北极的	adj.
equip	装备	v.
equipment	设备	n.
cooperate	合作	v.
cooperation	合作	n.
set sail	起航	phr.
in terms of	就……而言	phr.

二、核心句型 ¶

现在完成进行时 — has/have been + doing
- Scientists have been studying the ocean depths for decades.
- They have been exploring the Pacific for three months.
It has been proved that… — 已被证明
- It has been proved that the ocean contains vast resources.
Whatever/No matter what 引导让步从句
- No matter what challenges they face, marine biologists continue their research.

三、语法要点 ¶

现在完成进行时（复习深化）¶

结构： has/have been + 现在分词

用法	例句
过去开始持续到现在（可能继续）	I have been waiting for two hours.
刚结束的动作（结果明显）	She has been working hard.（看起来很累）

与现在完成时对比：

维度	现在完成时	现在完成进行时
侧重点	动作完成/结果	动作持续/过程
例句	I have written 3 essays.	I have been writing essays all day.
状态动词	可用	一般不用

四、写作指导 ¶

海洋探索类说明文写作要点：
- 介绍海洋探索的意义与价值
- 描述探索中的技术挑战
- 展示最新发现与成果
- 呼吁保护海洋环境

五、易错点提醒 ¶

状态动词（know/love/belong/seem/contain）一般不用进行时
现在完成进行时的否定形式较少使用
equipment 是不可数名词

一、核心词汇与短语 ¶

英文	中文	词性
share	分享	v./n.
voluntary	自愿的	adj.
volunteer	志愿者	n./v.
contribute	贡献	v.
contribution	贡献	n.
donate	捐赠	v.
donation	捐赠	n.
assist	协助	v.
assistance	协助	n.
assistant	助手	n.
community	社区	n.
participate	参与	v.
participation	参与	n.
privilege	特权	n.
privileged	有特权的	adj.
worthwhile	值得的	adj.
assign	分配	v.
assignment	任务	n.
relevant	相关的	adj.
arrangements	安排	n.
arrange	安排	v.
otherwise	否则	adv.
privilege	荣幸	n.
practical	实际的	adj.
make a difference	产生影响	phr.
hear from	收到来信	phr.
be dying to	渴望	phr.
the other day	几天前	phr.

二、核心句型 ¶

非谓语动词综合运用
- To help others is a rewarding experience.（不定式作主语）
- Sharing what you have brings happiness.（动名词作主语）
- Motivated by love, she volunteered in Africa.（过去分词作状语）
It is worthwhile to do/doing
- It is worthwhile to volunteer at the nursing home.
- It is worthwhile helping others.
Not only… but also…（倒装）
- Not only does volunteering help others, but it also enriches your own life.

三、语法要点 ¶

非谓语动词综合 ¶

三种非谓语形式对比：

形式	主动/被动	时间关系	功能
to do	主动	将来/目的	主/宾/定/状/补
doing	主动	同时/进行	主/宾/定/状/补
done	被动	完成	定/表/状/补

不定式 vs 动名词作主语/宾语：
- 不定式：强调具体、一次性、将来的动作
- 动名词：强调习惯性、抽象、已知的动作

后接 doing 的动词： enjoy, finish, avoid, mind, suggest, consider, practice, delay, escape, keep
后接 to do 的动词： decide, hope, agree, plan, refuse, promise, manage, fail, choose, pretend
后接 doing 和 to do 意义不同的动词：
- stop doing（停止做）/ stop to do（停下来去做）
- remember doing（记得做过）/ remember to do（记得要做）
- forget doing（忘记做过）/ forget to do（忘记要做）
- try doing（尝试做）/ try to do（努力做）

四、写作指导 ¶

关于志愿服务/分享的作文要点：
- 叙述志愿服务经历与感悟
- 阐述分享与奉献的意义
- 用具体事例感染读者
- 呼吁更多人参与

五、易错点提醒 ¶

worthwhile（值得的）与 worth（值……的，后接金额/代价）用法不同
be dying to 后接动词原形
arrange for sb. to do（安排某人做）

选必4 Unit 5 Launching Your Career ¶

一、核心词汇与短语 ¶

英文	中文	词性
career	职业	n.
profession	专业/职业	n.
professional	专业的	adj.
occupation	职业	n.
employ	雇用	v.
employer	雇主	n.
employee	员工	n.
employment	就业	n.
apply	申请	v.
application	申请	n.
applicant	申请人	n.
qualify	使有资格	v.
qualification	资格	n.
qualified	合格的	adj.
resume	简历	n.
interview	面试	n./v.
interviewer	面试官	n.
interviewee	面试者	n.
candidate	候选人	n.
capable	有能力的	adj.
capacity	能力/容量	n.
ambition	雄心	n.
ambitious	有雄心的	adj.
flexible	灵活的	adj.
flexibility	灵活性	n.
reliable	可靠的	adj.
responsibility	责任	n.
responsible	负责任的	adj.
participate in	参与	phr.
take part in	参加	phr.
in charge of	负责	phr.
head start	先发优势	phr.

二、核心句型 ¶

长难句分析技巧
- What matters most in a job interview is how you present yourself.（主语从句+表语从句）
- The company that I applied to is one which values creativity.（两个定语从句）
It is essential that + (should) do
- It is essential that you (should) prepare well for the interview.
The reason why… is that…
- The reason why he got the job is that he has rich experience.

三、语法要点 ¶

长难句分析 ¶

面对长难句的分析步骤：
1. 找主句谓语动词，确定主干结构（主谓/主谓宾/主系表）
2. 识别从句类型（定语从句/名词性从句/状语从句）
3. 分析非谓语动词的修饰关系
4. 拆分意群，理解句意

常见长难句结构：

结构类型	例句
多重从句	The fact that he passed surprised everyone who knew him.
嵌套从句	What he said is that he would do what he could to help.
分词短语	The book written by the professor who teaches at the university is popular.
介词短语后置	The man in the black suit standing by the door is our new boss.
It 句型	It is widely believed that hard work is the key to success.

四、写作指导 ¶

求职信/个人陈述写作要点：
- 自我介绍：教育背景与经历
- 能力展示：阐述技能与优势
- 求职动机：表达对职位/公司的兴趣
- 结尾：表达面试期待，表示感谢

五、易错点提醒 ¶

长难句分析时先找主句谓语，不要被从句动词干扰
job interview 中的 interview 是名词；interview sb. 中是动词
apply for（申请某职位）/ apply to（向某机构申请）

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